... perspective inthe past, the
event is viewed from the perspective ofthe present in
the case ofthe present perfect.
Given the distinction between reference time and
event time, one can then formalize ... temporal
interpretation.
6 Evaluating Time-dependent Predicates
in Context
Objects and certain of their properties can receive
or maintain salience in a discourse in any number of
ways. The notions ... Laboratoires
and the Information Sciences Institute. 1 The analysis
is based on a higher order intansional logic described
in detail in Hinrichs, Ayuso and Scha (1987). Tem-
poral expressionsof English...
... "layered" domains
of interest [1].
Finally, the macro file contains the meanings
of modifiers, roughly inthe form in which they were
acquired using the specification language discussed in
the previous ... UTILIZATION OFTHE INFORMATION ACQUIRED
DURING PREPROCESSING
As shown in Figure i, the English- language
processor of LDC achieves domain independence by
restricting itself to (a) a domain-independent. ... Furthermore,
some modifier meanings can be
derived
by the system
from the meanings of other modifiers, rather than
separately acquired from the user• For example, if the
meaning of the...
... and
applications. In Proceedings ofthe 40th Anniver-
sary Meeting ofthe ACL.
R. Dale and P. Mazur. 2006. Local semantics in the
interpretationoftemporal expressions. In Proceed-
ings ofthe ... ex-
pression, the process of computing the value
of the point in time or duration referred to by
that expression.
In practice, the processes involved in determining
the extent of a temporal expression ... provided
in (Dale and Mazur, 2006).
3.1 Processes
We take the ultimate goal oftheinterpretation of
temporalexpressions to be that of computing, for
each temporal expression in a text, the point in
time...
... facility needs clear information
for preventing reinfection, and counselling on the risks of infection, ways of
1. Test -of- cure is the reculturing or isolation and identification ofthe pathogen, ... in understanding and controlling
the threat of untreatable gonorrhoea. Additional initiatives are needed inthe
areas of laboratory, operational and therapeutic responses to existing and new ... strengthen their channels of communication
with each other, as well as engaging with international and national media to
highlight the issue of STIs in general and AMR in particular. Some of the...
... Role of electrostatic interactions in SH2 domain recogni-
tion: salt dependence of tyrosyl-phosphorylated peptide binding
to the tandem SH2 domain ofthe Syk kinase andthe single
SH2 domain ofthe ... exhibit the same kinetics as those located on
the intact protein. Therefore, determination ofthe kinetics
of phosphorylation of these peptides allows the order of
phosphorylation ofthe six ... tyrosines at
each time point. The level of phosphorylation was seen to
increase mainly over the first 30 min, with the levels of each
phosphotyrosine staying similar over the following 60 min.
The...
... itchy rashes and blistering, weeping, or peeling ofthe skin. The
causes ofthe disease are unclear. There may be a problem inthe skin’s ability
to maintain an effective barrier against environmental ... Guidelines developed?
The Guidelines are the culmination of a 2-year effort in which the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part ofthe
National Institutes of Health, ... DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FOOD ALLERGY INTHE UNITED STATES
32
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Guidelines for the Diagnosis
and Management of Food
Allergy in the...
... having uncles and/
or aunts that were associated with the health profession,
with 24% having friends working inthe discipline and
30% noting other reference people similarly involved.
The main ... reported the public sector, 40% the
private for profit sector and 21% the private not for profit
sector.
Of 186 students who preferred the public sector, 36%
indicated the intention of combining a ... planned inthe "2003–2005 Strategic Plan of
the Faculty" is currently being implemented [2].
Concerning the selection of medical students, there are –
in several countries including some in...
... examined the potential of some hybrid combinations
involving P
CH. The first of these trials was planted in 1996 at Ha Tay in northern Vietnam
primarily to evaluate the performance ofthe Queensland-bred ... northern Vietnam, and P
CH for deployment in central (including Central
Highlands) and southern Vietnam. Development and testing of other hybrid combinations is
likely to be difficult and potentially ... grown inthe northern region of
Vietnam. Further, the known superior insect and frost tolerance of P
CB may also provide
additional benefits over P
CH on some sites inthe northern region of Vietnam....
... Banking Crisis 73
II. The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking andthe Looming
Banking Crisis in China 99
5. The Rise of Abacus Banking in China 101
6. The Fall of Abacus Banking in China 127
7. The ... Non-performing Assets: Abacus Banking 1
I. The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking andthe Banking
Crisis in Japan 17
2. The Rise of Abacus Banking in Japan 19
3. The Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan 53
4. The ... make the repayment of loans
a certain bet was Japan’s industrial policy and tight regulation as prac-
ticed by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and the
Ministry of Finance...
... banking
in Japan inthe postwar period andthe banking crisis ofthe 1990s, and
Part II addresses the rise and fall of abacus banking in China and the
looming banking crisis ofthe 1990s.
A chapter-by-chapter ... billions of yen into
The Rise and Fall
of Abacus Banking
in Japan and China
8 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China
and the demand for corporate loans, especially in a country where ... (MITI) andthe Ministry of Finance (MOF) dreamed of tak-
ing on the world’s largest economy, the United States, especially in the
second half ofthe roaring 1980s, inthe ‘‘bubble years’’ when the...
... allows
corporations and banks to pursue independently the interests of their
own stockholders; the interests of bank shareholders andthe interests of
the shareholders of their corporate clients may be in conflict ... cred-
itworthiness has diminished, due, for example, to deterioration in their
22 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China
sparking growth inthe 1950s and 1960s. According to Denison and
Chung’s ... China
banking risks and controls the behavior of bank managers. According to
Adams and Hoshii,
The most important institution inthe field of banking and credit, however, is the
Ministry of Finance,...
... decide their own interest rates, they continued to
set them in concert at agreed levels. The banks also worked intimately with the
ministry deciding the level of services they offered customers and ... growth and asset in ation
increased the cost of living, especially the extraordinarily high cost of
housing, turning Japan into a rich country with poor consumers. In 1991,
the size ofthe average ... nations:
The Rise of Abacus Banking in Japan 45
which has generally retarded innovation inthe banking industry as a
whole.’’
62
The MOF further monitors and inspects the day-to-day operations of
banks...
... summit ofthe world’s financial system, drawing both
the fear andthe admiration ofthe Western world. In 1986, seven of the
The Banking Crisis 79
how the burst ofthe economic bubble inthe late ... Japan and China
Canals andthe Paris bank speculation andthe panic of 1827; the regional bank
crisis and panic of 1837; the speculation inthe stock of new banks and the
panic of 1882; the overlending ... which led to the panic of 1873.
• The speculation inthe Wildcat banks ofthe free banking era inthe United
States andthe crush of 1837; the speculation inthe railroads, public land, and
gold,...
... top three to five banks as their ‘‘core banks’’ among
banks instead of a single main bank.
11
The replacement ofthe institution ofthe main bank with the institution
of the core banks has two important ... cost of less than half a percent
and then simply put the money into bank deposits where they earned 6 percent.
12
Part II
The Rise and Fall of Abacus
Banking andthe Looming
Banking Crisis in China
The ... assets. In this sense, the Japanese
banking crisis was the result ofthe failure ofthe Japanese system as a
whole rather than the failure of individual banks, as was the case with
the savings and...
... this ratio,
the lower the interest rate. ‘ The outstanding feature ofthe structure was
Exhibit 5.4
Financial Organization in China
108 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China
enterprises ... followed the communist victory, China’s banking industry
turned into a state-owned industry within a central plan that determined
the flow of funds into and out ofthe industry. In this sense, banking
was ... inthe first three decades ofthe communist
Chapter 5
The Rise of
Abacus Banking in China
How far back in history must one dig to trace the roots of banking in
China? Some historians dig all the...