... another.In this paper, we propose a new method for deriv-ing a dependency tree from a CCG derivation treefor PF -CCG, a large fragment of CCG. We thenexplore thestronggenerativecapacityof ... to see PF -CCG derivationsas dependency trees, we can ask what sets of suchtrees can be generated by PF -CCG grammars. Thisis the question about thestronggenerative capa-city of PF -CCG, measured ... that all gener-ate the same string languages (Vijay-Shanker andWeir, 1994), there are few results about the strong generativecapacityof CCG. This makes it difficultto gauge the similarities...
... re- present the classes ofthe instances of CCG- Std and CCG- GTRC, respectively: Definition 1 Gatrc is the collection of G's (extension of a G E G, ta) such that: l. For the lexical ... bounded by the maximum number of arguments of a lexical category, we add all the instances of wrapping required for simulating the ef- fect of GTRC into the lexicon of G". For the unbounded ... Now, both ofthe permutations in (5) can be derived in this extension of CCG- Std. The finite lexicon with finite extension assures the termination ofthe process. This covers the case (4bii)....
... modulating the catalytic properties ofthe enzyme [19]. To extend the information about the role ofthe noncatalyticSBD regions and their effect on the C-terminal CD,we further explored the amino ... Whereas the production of ADPGlc via ADPGlcPPase is the first committed step in starch biosynthe-sis, SS catalyzes the elongation of a-1,4-glucans by the transfer ofthe glucosyl moiety from the ... D(495–535) for the interaction between the N-terminal SBDs and CD.Our data also show that the full integrity of the starch-binding capacity, particularly ofthe D2 domain,modulates the activity of SSIII....
... regu-late the transcription of genes located on the two sides of the /11 cI-cro intergenic region. Furthermore, the information gathered in the present study may proveuseful in the construction of ... homol-ogy over the entire length ofthe k repressor. Interest-ingly, although the sequences ofthe C-terminal ends of the above S. aureus phage repressors are identical, the sequences of their N-terminal ... majorgroove ofthe DNA helix [1]. Therefore, the data alsosuggest that the interaction between CI and the opera-tor DNA may occur through the major groove of the operator DNA helix. The absence of detectable...
... subsets ofthe free monoid VT*, it is necessary to restrict the form of productions allowed. 10 The broadest generative power of interest in mathe- matical linguistics is the power of a ... marking them at the appropriate positions on the spectrum. There are some known grammars whose relation- ships to other grammars are as yet unknown. The "branching" ofthe spectrum of ... when they produce the same language. Types of grammars are thus equivalent if for each language produced by a grammar of one type there is a grammar ofthe other type which produces the same...
... scattering. Because of the size ofthe emulsion particles, diffusional broadening of the flotation profiles is not very large, and variation of the diffusion coefficient throughout the distribution ... in the distribution, the mean and the quantiles enclosing 95% ofthe valuesfrom the analyses ofthe simulated distributions weredetermined.Apolipoprotein-emulsion binding assaySamples of ... high-affinity ligand for anumber of cell surface receptors, thereby mediating the uptake of cholesterol and other complex lipids into the cell[12,13]. The three common isoforms of apoE, designatedapoE2...
... Levelassignmentsaremadetotermi-nalsduring the generation of ashapeusingtheserules:1) The terminalsin the initialshapeareassignedlevelO.2)Ifashaperuleisapplied~and the highestlevelassignedtoanypart of the terminalcorrespond-ingto the leftside of the ruleisNthena)if the ruleis of typeA~anypart of the terminalenclosedby the markerin the leftside of the ruleisassignedN.b)if the ruleis of typeB~anypart of the terminalenclosedby the markerin the leftside of the ruleisassignedN ... 2)(RULE2)(RULE3)(5HAPEIN·L(SGI))Figure3,page3Generation of ashapeusingSGlSHAPEGRAMMARSAND THE GENERATIVE SPECIFICATION OF PAINTINGANDSCULPTUREInthispaperwepresent(1)adefinition of shapegrammars,(2)aformalism,basedonthesegrammars,for the complete, generative specification of aclass of paintingsorsculptures,and(3)adiscussion of the implications of thesespecificationsforaestheticsanddesigntheory. Generative specificationscanbeusedin the analysisandaestheticevaluation of the paint-ingsorsculpturestheydefine.Indesignbasedon generative specifications, the artistchoosesstructuralandmaterialrelationshipsandthenproducesalgorithmically the res'ultingworks of art,Ourunderlyingaimistouseformal, generative techniquestoproducegood ... andarelatedmaterialcomponentprovidesfor the directstudy of the simplicity of the structuralandmaterialschemaunderlying the visualcomplexity of a work of art.Recentworkon the complex-ity of grammars and the languagestheydefine(Feldmanet.al.~1969)seemsdirectlyapplicable.Webelievethatpaintingandsculpturethathaveahighvisualcomplexitywhich...
... details ofthe two parsers.53shows that converting gold-standard CCG deriva-tions into the GRs in DepBank resulted in an F-score of only 85%; hence the upper bound on the performance oftheCCG ... for theCCG parser on a representative sub-set ofthe PTB test sections. It is important to notethat the purpose of this evaluation is comparisonwith a PTB parser, rather than evaluation of the CCG ... invested a significantamount of time and effort in creating the mapping.Second, some ofthe labels in the PTB do not ap-pear in CCGbank, for example the QP label, andthese must be added back in;...
... sentence of length k, the power of LCA(k) is idcnticM to the weak generative capacity ofthe full underlying grammar. But since the size of sentences (tag sequences) in L is unbounded, there ... $]). These two examples do not suggest any kind of proof, but they well illustrate the recognition power of even the least powerful automaton in the {LeA(i)} family. To get another point of ... because ofthe considerable ambiguity at the lexical level, but their cll~:ctiveness suffers from the rather free word/constituent order. Finally, a comment about the computational efficiency of...
... ofthe system, such as the size Lx and Ly of wire, the intensity E0 ofthestrong electromagnetic wave. Specifically, when the intensity E0 ofthe strong electromagnetic wave (or the ... interaction ofthe electromagnetic wave. We insert the expression of ,,()npntrl into the expression of ()jtr and then insert the expression of ()jtr into the expression of α in ... Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 26 (2010) 115-120 116 show the dependence ofthe nonlinear absorption coefficient of a strong EMW by confined electrons in RQW on the temperature T of the...
... interested in the size ofthe variation relative to the size ofthe observation. Thus, we can compare the variability of a test price with a mean of 800 Euros to one of 80,000 Euros. The standard ... Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK. In the next section ofthe article we briefly discuss a few methodological issues and describe the design ofthe study. The questionnaire and the ... number of industry sectors. Capacity is further complicated by the large diversity of studies they offer. It is important to recognize that the maximum number of test per annum is the total theoretical...
... difficult to design by other means. REFERENCES [1] E. Panofsky, The History ofthe Theory of Human Proportions as a Reflec-tion ofthe History of Styles, in Meaning in the Visual Arts (Doubleday ... left sides ofthe paint-ing rules of M must partition the universal set. The right side of a painting rule is a rectangle painted in the manner the set defined by the left side ofthe rule ... rule to a given shape is another shape consisting ofthe given shape with the right side ofthe rule substituted in the shape for an occurrence ofthe left side of the rule. Rule application...
... lowers the intracellular levels of benzoate and fluoresceinby catalysing an active efflux of these compounds from the cell [2,4]. The inhibitory effects of different organic acids oncells ofthe ... from the Euroscarf collec-tion that lack specific enzymes ofthe aromatic amino acidbiosynthetic pathway. These were then tested for theirsensitivities to both acetate and sorbate. Growth of the wild-type ... several ofthe enzymes of aromaticamino acid biosynthesis therefore hypersensitize yeast toweak organic acid stress.We also investigated the growth of this same series of strains after they had...
... represent the waterbearing properties as well as the quality ofthe groundwater in the region. Therefore, the important aquiferswithgoodqualit ycorrespon dswith the coarse ... towards the center of plain. It iscomposed of sand,silt,clay of alluvialfacies of Thai Binh Formation (Fig. 2) in the upper partand lens of sand, silt, clay of Hai ... through the overlying Thai BinhFormation. The fluctuation amplitude ofthe waterleveldecreaseswith the distancefrom the river. Therefore, this aquifer is mainlyrechargedby the rain...