the state of the game equipment and science

... observer The fight game is the pinnacle of one-on-one competition, the ultimate test of any athlete, of any person And before the pain of the damage they have caused each other overwhelms the endorphins ... summoned by the fight, the competitors stop to acknowledge their appreciation of the other’s performance The rest of the night plays out to the mixed roars and occasional indifference of the fans ... surfing, sushi and beers with the cornermen, and then more candid discussions about fighting and life, they have become friends And one of them is being punched in the face right in front of me Right...

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2014, 21:20

... purchase of the item Medicare will also pay 80% of the Medicare-approved amount (up to the cost of replacing the item) for repairs You pay the other 20% Your costs may be higher if the supplier ... durable medical equipment and other devices, Medicare makes monthly payments for use of the equipment The rules for how long monthly payments continue vary based on the type of equipment Total ... medical equipment or other types of medical equipment? Medicare can help This booklet explains Medicare coverage for durable medical equipment, prosthetic devices, orthotic items, prostheses and therapeutic...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20

... beam, corrosion and other types of engineering The early 70s saw the importation from the US to Europe of the concept of material engineering, created in the 60s and embracing the “scientific ... microstructure of metallic materials in the solid state (hardening, tempering, annealing), – change of state of aggregation, – transition from the solid to the liquid and again to the solid state of a ... properties of superficial layers and coatings are discussed, with an explanation of their concept, interaction with other properties and the significance of these properties for the proper selection and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... magnetic and electric fields and determined the ratio of the charge to the mass of the electron Proof of the constant value of this ratio came later The first direct and fairly accurate measurement of ... inventions and it is expected that it will remain in the forefront of technical science The general directions of development will constitute a synthesis of the particular domains of science and technology, ... The development of technology of iron processing proceeded primarily in the direction of improvement of smelting furnaces, and the production of alloys of iron and carbon Later, other alloying...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... particles of gases, vapors and carriers of electrical charges The value of this power depends on the pressure in the vacuum chamber and on the length of the electron path, and varies within the limits: ... among others, within the X-ray range [8] Heating of the material occurs as the result of absorption of energy of the electron beam, due to non-elastic and elastic collisions of electrons with the ... energy range of to 200 eV The molar concentration of gas depends on pressure The lower it is, the lower the molar concentration of gas, and, in consequence, the longer the free path of the electron...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... chapter three The solid surface 3.1 The significance of the surface The surface of living organisms limits them and protects them from the environment Similarly, in technology, the surface limits ... expand upon solidification); 2) equalization by the interface of the differences between the adjoining; the heterogeneity of the interface is expressed by the occurrence of internal electrical and ... vicinity The smaller their number in direct proximity of a given atom, the lower the degree of saturation of adhesion forces and hence, the higher the surface energy (Fig 3.6) [8] Grain edges of crystals...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... turbulent state The time of dwell of one molecule at the surface is of the order of a microsecond In the said system there also occurs an exchange of molecules between the surface zone and the adjoining ... of the liquid The diffusion coefficient of the majority of liquids is of the order of 10-5 cm2/s A molecule reaches the depth of 10 nm in a time of approximately 10 -6 s [6] It follows that the ... pressure of the order of 10-6 Pa It follows that the dwell time of atoms at the surface is of the order of s The general picture of the phenomenon is similar when diffusion rate is considered In the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... increases from the surface in the direction of the core and then drops off to the level of core hardness (Fig 3.30) A lowering of hardness at the surface of 52100 steel is probably due to the big proportion ... displacement of the said zones in the direction of the material surface With the same radiation parameters, the depth of hardening rises with a rise of thermal conductivity of the treated material The ... with the resolution of an optical microscope Often, traces of pearlite may be observed in the microstructure The greater the pearlitic zones in the initial condition of the material, the more often...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... hand, the duration of the pulse is of the order of 10-8 to 10 -10 s, and power density is 1010 to 1012 W/cm2 and higher, the time of action of the laser pulse on the material approaches that of ... into the zone of the laser beam is melted and in the melted form falls onto the surface of the substrate The plating layer therefore forms from the bottom up, as a result of solidification of the ... technological aim of the process, but rather the reduction of surface roughness and a change in the profile of surface unevenness They occur under the influence of hydrodynamic mixing of the molten...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... expanding to reach the wall of the plasma implanter, the energy of ions reaching the surface is equal to the product of the ion charge and the potential applied It is usually contained within the ... energy of ions and their atomic mass m 1; – the scatter ∆ Rp, the relative value of which, ∆ R p/R p, depends predominantly on the ratio of atomic masses of implanted ions m and atoms of the substrate ... its state of energy from the rest of the material (substrate, core) A characteristic feature of the physical surface, besides the energy barrier, the surface tension, different character of chemical...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... layer of the solid (which is not observed with the application of the continuous beam) and the introduction of a foreign component (beam ions) into the molten liquid In the case of metals and alloys, ... sources belong to the most versatile and allow the production of the majority of ions within the range of atomic masses from to 240 Their characteristic feature is the hot cathode and the heater which ... achievement of a series of additional advantages [15, 47] Depending on the energy of the ions, on their dose and on the rate of implantation, as well as the absence or presence of layers or atoms of foreign...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... implantation of the majority of metallic, ceramic and synthetic materials by N, P, Co, Y, Cr, Ti, Mo, Zr, Nb and Ta causes an increase of hardness of the implanted metallic layer (Table 4.9) and of the ... time thought to be the only property of the surface Research of the real surface intensified after the discovery, at the turn of the century, of a layer of destroyed crystals at the surface by G ... constituting a “set of elements of the real surface of the object and structure of its superficial layer, such as geometrical elements of the surface and physical properties of the material, e.g.,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... rise of the unevenness of the surface, the degree of corrosiveness of the environment (e.g., a rise of its humidity) and the degree of corrosion (most often the degree of oxidation) All of these ... fusion of rubbing elements At the same time, however, it limits the value of the surface energy of the metal and, by the same token, limits the effectiveness of bonding of dipole particles of the ... VIII and VII, and compressive stresses in zone VI The distribution of residual stresses depends on the forces of friction and decohesion of the chip material - they raise the temperature of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Independently of the kind of stresses, the result of their action is the same - they always induce defects and elastic deformations of the crystal lattice Further on in this book the term “residual ... energy of the lattice in the vicinity of a defect is in all cases higher than its minimum value corresponding to the state of equilibrium The result of that is the stress field around the defect The ... solubility of metals in the liquid state is due to slow solidification of liquid solutions of these metals or to appropriate heat treatment of the alloys and is aided by similarity of size and shape of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Press LLC The wetting angle is an angle formed between the wetted surface of the solid and the tangent to the curvature of the meniscus of the wetting liquid, at the point of contact between the liquid ... [15, 31] The smoother the surface, the less and the smaller the geometrical flaws and microflaws on it and the more difficult the conditions necessary to initiate fatigue microcracks Of equally ... strength of the softer material In conditions of sliding wear there may occur additional effects, such as squeezing out of the contact surface of the softer material by the protruding asperities of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... moving into the layer (flux of vacancies) and the other out of it (flux of dislocations and atoms) Vacancies are formed as the result of the action of the lubricant which causes the release of metal ... structure of alloys and raises the value of surface energy of the superficial layer The said disturbance is by way of a rise in the number of defects in the lattice, and enhancement of carbon and nitrogen ... bonding of surfaces of the rubbing pair causes leaps in the rise of friction resistance forces and in intensity of wear, conducive to deep destruction of the surface and often to a stoppage of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... layers of the same phase composition and thickness on both surfaces A and B [20] Fig 5.22 shows thicknesses of the nitrided layer on surfaces A and B of the titanium samples vs time of nitriding The ... chamber, by the power of the voltage generator, design of current feed-throughs, method of load fixturing, and by the method of metering of reactive gases, in particular of chlorides and metal-organic ... compounds In the case of furnaces used for PACVD methods, such furnaces may differ by the design of the working chamber and by the method of elimination of harmful components of the gas atmosphere...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... chemisorption of boride and its diffusion into the core of the treated steel After the formation of a compact layer of FeB and Fe2B borides, boron may diffuse from the surface in the direction of the core ... role Orientation of chemical reactions at the substrate surface and in the gas phase, methods of their activation, character of flow of the reactive gas and its circulation in the working chamber, ... slowing down of the corrosion process and reduction of wettability of the metal by water As opposed to varnishes and protective paints, they are easy to deposit and to remove from the surface They not...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... composition of the metallic material (purity and composition of alloy) and its temperature, time of soaking of the objects in the bath and by the substrate material Before dipping into the bath, the ... present in the solution More often, the solution contains complex compounds of the metal used to coat the substrate surface Reduction begins at the moment of addition of the reducer to the bath and ... insignificant The reason for the occurrence of these differences in the values of parameters of coatings and bulk material is, first of all, different structure of coating from that of the bulk material...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... vision of the observer The smoother the surface, the more ordered is this reflection and the more equal is the angle of incidence to the angle of reflection The more luster the coating has, the ... hydration The amount of solvation depends on the charges and size of the ion or particle and on the type of solvent The degree of solvation of the ion affects numerous properties of ion solutions, ... at the moment of formation of the coating 1) Tightness of coatings is the resistance to penetration of liquids and gases A measure of tightness of coatings is the number of pores penetrating the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21