the science and art of breakthroughs

... Arithmetic is the first of the sciences and the mother of safety.” BRANDEIS It is the aim of this little book to point the way to a new science and art the science and art of Human Engineering By ... calling the first Idols of the Tribe, the second Idols of the Den, the third Idols of the Market, the fourth Idols of the Theatre 40 The information of notions and axioms on the foundation of true ... disparity between the rapid progress of the natural and technological sciences on the one hand and the slow progress of the metaphysical, so-called social “sciences” on the other hand, that sooner...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... distinction the concept of fine art came much later The story of the development of the idea of fine art is a long and complex one but the separation of art from craft happened relatively quickly By the ... the thrust to the foot of the cantilever tower, and the two sides of the towers balance each other The downward forces from the towers sit directly on and compress the foundations This idea of ... the artist and not the artisan The artisan was simply called a worker in mechanical art a man with a trade The modern idea of the masterpiece was completely absorbed into the idea of the artist...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 01:43

... are reduced [17,18] The lasers normally adopted offer the enormous advantage of being conveyed in a fibre, which serves as the working tip at the end of the handpiece The use of flexible, length-adjustable ... the advantages of the compactness, reliability, ease of use and affordability of the 980 nm Diode Lasers, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of one such Laser for the treatment of pathological ... question the efficacy of the 980nm Laser for photosclerosis of lesions and areas with little melanin and hemoglobin pigmentation [7] Furthermore, to avoid exaggerated fluences and thermal damage to the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

... research was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, U.S National Science Foundation, and the Industry Sponsors of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change: Alstom Power ... differently to these caps due to the short air pollutant lifetimes and dominance of northern over southern hemispheric emissions (Figs 4b and 4c) The northern hemisphere contributes the most to the global ... induced by the capping of SOx Note that these climate calculations in Figure omit the cooling effects of the CO2 reductions caused by the lessening of the inhibition of the land sink by ozone (Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... participating into the science of CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability of the diameter and the helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... know all about Andy Warhol, just look at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am There's nothing behind it." -Andy Warhol, 1987 Although Warhol himself neither offered nor refuted ... drugs and rock'n'roll The band he managed (and formed at the factory), called The Velvet Underground, would often play there But in 1968, the party stopped, as someone walked in that changed Andy's ... life and art forever Valerie Solanis, a groupie from the factory, and the founder and sole member of S.C.U.M (Society for Cutting Up Men), walked into Andy's office and shot him three times The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 21:56

... toxicities, and side effects of conventional treatment Quality of evidence of safety and efficacy of the CAM treatment Degree of understanding of the risks and benefits of conventional and CAM treatments ... provides the requisite level of skill and training needed to offer this therapy The first part of the argument (that licensure authorizes the physical therapist to provide craniosacral therapy) ... at the patient’s X-ray or MRI image, while factors such as the candy bars and coffee consumed all day long, the computer work station, the stress of work and home, or the grief over the loss of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 07:21

... pre-humans (and other social animals) began to live in groups, their survival was determined more and more by their ability to understand and predict the other members of their groups (which they became ... Interpretation of the printing code: The rightmost double-digit number is the year of the book's printing; the rightmost single-digit number is the number of the book's printing For example, the printing ... masterful artworks But most of the game designers, programmers, artists, animators, and game composers I know definitely consider what they are doing to be art, and they strive to raise their art to...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:01

... participating into the science of CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability of the diameter and the helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... participating into the science of CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability of the diameter and the helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... stroke: at the end of the intake stroke, both inlet and exhaust valves are closed The inertial action of the crankshaft in turn lifts the piston which compresses the mixture The ratio of the combustion ... openings in the bore wall The upward and downward motion of the piston simultaneously opens and closes these portholes The air-fuel mixture then goes in or out of the combustion chamber through the portholes ... rotation The combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place in the chamber formed between the piston and the cylinder head The piston then moves up and down in the cylinder via combustion pressure and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... and manufacturing processes of automotive pistons 3.1.2 The use of Si to decrease the thermal expansion of aluminum Figure 3.5 describes the various requirements of a piston As the engine starts, ... between the piston and the cylinder bore is too narrow, then the expanded piston will touch the bore wall instantly If the clearance is too wide, it will cause blowby of the combustion gas when the ... should look not only at the surface, such as the hardness and the coefficient of friction, but also the quality of the substrate on which the modification is implemented The castings must have...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... follows the uneven shape of the cylinder bore wall Both the distorted cylinder and the swing motion of the piston make the ring gap open and close repeatedly During this motion, the degree of side ... into the clearance between the ring and ring groove The ring lifts in the groove with the inertial force during the exhaust cycle The piston ring 109 JIS-B8032 prescribes that the decline of the ... to break the ring A lack of lubrication also causes material failure The surface roughness of the ring groove and degree of groove and side 92 Science and technology of materials in automotive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Nomenclatures of the valve The shape from the crown to the neck is designed to give a smooth gas flow Figure 6.3 shows the position and relative motion of each part of the valve mechanism The motion of the ... at the solidification point The solidification temperature of cast iron is proportional to the sum of the percentage of carbon and one-third of the percentage of silicon This is known as the ... a product of the pressure (P) and relative slip speed (V) at the running surface, evaluating the severity of lubrication and friction conditions The higher the value, the more severe the working...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... of the coil spring vibrates up and down at high frequency, independently of the motion of the entire spring It takes place when the natural frequency of the valve spring coincides with the particular ... for the valve and valve spring to follow the cam Valve float is the term given to unwanted movements of the valve and valve spring due to their inertial weights To avoid this, the load of the ... observable among steel particles The steel particles are sintered first It contains pores among the particles The Cu is infiltrated into the pores 150 6.7 Science and technology of materials in automotive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 8.10 Design of forging process The function of the forged part determines the required shape, material, accuracy and so on For the mechanical designer, the accuracy and strength of the part is important, ... rod (con-rod) and piston, to smooth revolutions The con-rod rides on the crankpin via a plain bearing The main bearing of the crankcase supports the main journal of the crankshaft The deep grooves ... the part is quenched in water or oil, whereupon a martensitic transformation takes place at the surface because of the rapid cooling and the high carbon concentration on the surface The part does...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... coil heats and austenitizes the surface, and then the part is quenched in water The depth of heating is related to the frequency of the alternating current; the higher the frequency, the thinner ... hardening25 of the crankpin and the corner radii between the crankpin and web The assembled crankshaft uses induction hardening of the hole into which the crankpin is forcefitted and of the corner ... between the crankpin and web, and at the oil hole or keyway of the shaft A sharp edge and rough surface are likely to concentrate stress In actual parts, cracking often initiates as a result of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... prevent separation of the joint during operation, and so the bolt must be able to withstand the tightening load and the maximum inertial force To reduce the weight of the big end, the bolt hole should ... surface area of the catalyst and range of the lambda window The available surface area of precious metal particles is maximized by using ultra small particles (1 nm) and dispersing them on the porous ... particles The typical chemical composition of sintered steel includes Fe-0.55% C-2.03Cu, and the microstructure shows ferrite and pearlite The added Cu increases the density of the sintered part...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... the fuel and lubricant condense The quantity and composition of the particles depends on the combustion process, quality of diesel fuel and efficiency of after-treatment The soot is a solid and ... used The response and combustion efficiency of the wheel in acceleration is related to the inertial moment, a function of the weight The lower the weight, the lower the inertial moment and therefore ... reinforcing the piston-ring groove of the aluminum piston (see Chapter 3) The thermal inertia of the turbine housing affects start-up emissions Low thermal inertia means that the temperature of the catalytic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... at low cost The third column lists the means for meeting the requirements of each function, and the fourth column lists the properties required of the materials used The shape of the camshaft, ... Figure C.3 (c) shows the microstructure of a 0.8% carbon steel consisting of pearlite In the region of the mixture of α + γ, the amount of cementite 272 Science and technology of materials in automotive ... temperature of the water will rise until it is the same as that of the room This is the equilibrium state, and it will remain stable unless the temperature of the room is changed The phase diagram...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21