the roles of ras family small gtpases in breast cancer

... Ca2+ influx (41) The increased activity of NOS and the increased formation of NO in brain in anoxia as observed by increase in NOx concentration in this study support the earlier findings of NO involvement ... brain regions significantly in anoxia suggesting an increased utilization of citrulline for the production of arginine in anoxia In reperfusion group the activities of these enzymes were increased ... continuous supply of arginine at the site of synthesis Arginine is a semi essential amino acid and in CNS, its availability depends upon: (a) uptake from the circulating arginine and (b) recycling...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:07

... increase in the amount of ROS [21]; (b) loss of cytochrome c impairs the flow of electrons in the respiratory chain inducing overreduction of the complexes, favouring the generation of ROS [16,17,22]; ... continuous load of calcium to the neuron The turning point upon which the cell looses the ability to buffer the incoming calcium resulting in an abrupt, sustained and irreversible increase in ... from the possibility of the involvement of TRP channels in the delayed calcium deregulation, these proteins could participate in an additional overlooked pathway of Ca2+ in ux that may pertain...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... accumulation of ROS may induce the expression of GhMPK2 and lead to the direct or indirect upregulation of antioxidant genes, which will result in the scavenging of excessive ROS and the maintenance of the ... transgenic lines However, a large variation in the germination rate occurred in the presence of MV (Fig 7A,B) Four days after sowing, lm MV severely inhibited the germination of the wild-type ... H2O2, the accumulation of H2O2 was remarkably lower in the transgenic lines than in the wild-type plants at h (Fig 6B) Similarly, NBT staining showed less OÀ accumulation in the leaves of the transgenic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... a DNA-binding protein that binds to elements in the vicinity of Yap1 binding site [52] Alternatively, the increased reducing power of tsa1 mutant, achieved by the expression elevation of GSH1, ... cells in all of the conditions tested (Fig 6) In spite of the increased basal expression levels of a variety of genes in tsa1 cells, we did not observe GFP-Yap1 accumulation in the nucleus of these ... given the diversity of antioxidant enzymes regulated by these factors [7] The association of H2O2 with antimycin A totally inhibited growth of these mutants In contrast, no further growth inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... conformation of the other domains does not allow binding of divalent cations The molecular mechanism of calcium binding of plant annexins requires further studies and work aimed at investigation of this ... calcium binding in the loops of domain I might be possible in Anx(Gh1), in contrast to the bell pepper annexin The protein contains a highly unusual sulfur cluster formed by two adjacent cysteine ... of Anx(Gh1) with the structures of Anx24(Ca32) and AnxA5 reveals that the cotton annexin, in contrast to the bell pepper protein, provides canonical calcium binding sites in the first domain The...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... Matching the blot with the protein map shows that PDT caused labeling of a-tubulin and b-tubulin (spots and 2) The minor spot probably reflects labeling of a small fraction of actin The rest of the ... determine the sites of the oxidative modifications within the tubulin molecule, and to elucidate the role of these modifications in the functional damage to tubulin Interestingly, for the two modes of ... fingerprints of trypsin digests of the spots of interest obtained with MALDI-TOF, followed by a database search with the Mascot software for peptide mapping result) and matching of our protein maps...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... receiving indomethacin plus vitamin E Representative pictures of brain sections from mice on placebo or receiving indomethacin plus vitamin E underlie the effect of this compound in vivo, and the ... burden in the hippocampus of these mice [16] However, recent studies indicate that a subset of NSAIDs, including indomethacin, also possesses a direct, COXindependent Aβ-lowering capacity in cell ... stress and inflammation are indeed functionally relevant in the development of the phenotype of these animals However, we also provide new information on the critical issue of the in vivo relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... for the present biological evaluation The second evaluation was carried out in the morning, hour after the last intake of nifedipine The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (Cochin ... endothelium injury in SSc and that VEGF signalling may by impaired in this disease without implication of the sVEGFR-1 Endothelium injury is critical in SSc and is suspected to occur early in the ... described, using dinitrophenylhydrazine [19] Briefly, samples were normalized to a concentration of mg protein/ml We then treated 0.5 ml of serum with 0.5 ml of 10 mM dinitrophenylhydrazine in M HCl,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... due to the presence in the OA joint of proinflammatory catabolic cytokines such as IL-1β, which has been shown to induce GLUT-1 expression both in the present study (Figure 2) and in other studies, ... mediating many of the effects induced by catabolic cytokines, such as IL-1β, in articular chondrocytes [1] Among other responses, ROS have been shown to decrease the synthesis and induce the degradation ... undergoing total knee replacement surgery at the Orthopedic Department of the University Hospital of Coimbra The Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Coimbra approved all of the procedures...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:21

... in many types of tumors [13] The number of cytosines in the first stretch of the D310 region can vary from to in normal individuals The homopolymeric C-stretch is part of CSBII, located within ... oxidative stress in chronic renal failure References Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions J-BC participated in the design of the study ... collected clinical data of subjects C-WL performed measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers P-WW assisted in the design of the study M-MT assisted in the drafting of the manuscript S-CL performed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:21

... measurements during copper toxicosis In order to determine whether the decrease in mRNA levels of GSS decreases the GSH levels, we measured the total amount of GSH Interestingly, in Figure 6, the total ... of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27KIP which is inhibited 24-fold in the DH group, 12fold in the CASH group, and 3-fold in the N-CASH group Western blots analysis on metallothionein proteins during ... with copper incorporated during biosynthesis Metallothionein 1A (MT1A) is a small intracellular protein capable of chelating several metal ions, including copper It contains many cysteine residues,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... enzyme involved in the oxygenation of the arachidonic acid, is upregulated in lung fibrosis pathologies [93] In the present study, the administration of BA which is a 5-LOX inhibitor reversed the ... toxicity, the resulting patchy interstitial fibrosis is similar in the two situations [31] TGF-ß1 may be a key growth factor in the initiation of fibrosis [32] Overexpression of TGF-ß1 by administering ... during the final two weeks of the experiments Induction of lung fibrosis To induce pulmonary fibrosis, we treated the rats with 0.15 U BL in 25 μl 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 0.9% NS alone via intratracheal...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... = 10) in the aorta (a) and heart (c) of the two groups of rats (b, d) Western blots revealing iNOS expression in the in the whole lysate of aortas (n = 6) (b) and in hearts (n = 6) (d) of two ... stresses, as well as the inflammatory response during reperfusion Since the role of the cardiovascular system during shock becomes Page of 11 critical, we therefore focused on the inflammatory response ... related, at low dosage, to the inhibition of the conversion of citrulline into arginine by eNOS (contraction) and at high dosage by activation of K+ATP channels or due to NO quenching [15] Blackstone...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... are present in the promoters of the polyamine biosynthetic ´ genes (Alcazar et al 2006b) These results indicate that the expressions of some of the genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are ... Auxin increases the interaction of the domain II of Aux/IAAs with transport inhibitor response 1/auxin-related F-Box (TIR1/AFBs), F-box proteins of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex Skp1/Cullin1/F-box-TIR1/AFBs ... harpin-induced 1) was increased in tobacco leaves On the other hand, spermine induces mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of SA-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 12:20

... scintillation counting Creatine kinase determination Creatine kinase activity was assayed following the method of Bernt and Bergmeyer [24], in the presence of fructose (50 mM) to determine if the ... presumably inactivation of the enzyme by the modifier is due to the targeting of a domain of the enzyme that is accessible to both the modifier and to intracellular a-crystallin The cytoplasmic loop of ... was incorporated inside the ghost cells Ghosts resealed in the presence of acrystallin showed the extra two a-crystallin subunit bands at around 20 kDa confirming the efficient sealing of the protein...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... confirming the detection of 1O2 by SOSG Singlet oxygen production for each strain was determined by calculating the slope of the increase in background-corrected SOSG fluorescent signals during the ... expression The expression of the GPXH gene is strongly induced by the increased production of 1O2 in the chloroplast To identify components affecting 1O2-induced gene expression in C reinhardtii, ... confirms the importance of the O2-induced genetic response in the defense against ROSinduced damage Furthermore, isolation of phenotypic different groups of 1O2-overproducing mutants indicates...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... RD, Howley PM: Conserved cysteine residue in the DNA-binding domain of the bovine papillomavirus type E2 protein confers redox regulation of the DNA-binding activity in vitro Proc Natl Acad Sci ... prematurely terminated Our results, and those of others, indicate that oxidizing conditions increase the expression of a TAR-dependent reporter in Page 10 of 12 the presence of Tat [24] In addition, ... promoter The Tat reporter, TKp-TAR-luciferase, contains the HIV-1 TAR between the promoter and the luciferase gene The EBNA1 reporter, FR-TKp-luciferase, contains the EBV FR 5' to the TKp The HSV-1...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... endothelial surfaces triggering a transient activation signal that regulates the adhesive activity of CD11/CD18 [18] Firm adhesion involves the interaction of leukocyte integrins of the beta subfamily ... neutrophil adaptation across the continuum of sepsis This is a single time point study where the dynamic of sepsis is pointed out by the inclusion of patients at different stages of the disease; sepsis, ... that they have no competing interests 17 Authors' contributions PSM and MKB participated in the design of the study, laboratory tests, and in the writing of the manuscript LSWM performed the laboratory...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... were involved in the conception of the study OI participated in data collection and wrote the initial draft of the Manuscript OI, MOB and AOA analyzed the data All authors were involved in revision ... 1, p = 0.000) Gainfully employed prior to the RTAs was defined by the individual concerned having a source of income and independent; either being self employed, employed by the government or ... level of education did not show significant influence on the prevalence of PTSD among the victims of RTA and the two control groups Discussion The findings of this study revealed that injured...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20