the role of external agents in corporate governance

... What is the role of the financial system in limiting the extent of underreporting of income? How banks compare with informal financing channels in curbing illegal behavior? To answer these questions, ... to innovate in three ways They can self-finance using retained earnings net of taxes, or obtain external financing from either a bank or from informal sources Firms face a trade-off in going ... evaded, innovating firms and firms that use formal finance are more likely to be net victims The findings point to the challenges facing innovators in developing countries and the role of banks in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/04/2016, 07:15

... cross-case synthesis Findings Study findings are presented in terms of key issues that emerged relative to the evaluative questions In reading the findings, the following context is of note: • Implementation ... "whether you are using predetermined materials, identified at the beginning of the project or whether you discover a need and develop or modify preexisting information for the use of those with the ... because of the need for ongoing dialogue and collaboration, and as contingent in terms of the pre-determined evidence-based goal of the QUERI project, the complexity of involved changes, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... play a more formal role even to the point of election to formal 16 The formal involvement of the business sector in IGOs requires a major re-positioning of the role of business in the 21st century ... dictate the agenda of CSOs in PRSP consultations In the final draft of the PRSP, the committee incorporated as much of the input from civil society as possible As Zie Gariyo, Coordinator of the Uganda ... 48 The bypassing of parliaments in the PRSP process can be contrasted with the role of the IMF Parliaments rarely have a say on the content of the PRSP, while the IMF has influence during the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 20:49

... raising the profile of women in management However, during this period of research, there was an emerging recognition of the importance of a concern for people in the behavioural theories as being ... anything towards raising the profile of women in management, as the theory was constructed as a male model at a time when women were not visible in paid employment One of the off shoots of the ... enabling of others to help achieve the goals of the organisation Furthermore, the ability to control others is given no prominence in this recent definition of leadership A brief review of early...

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:56

... relies on the securities booking system of the CGSDTC and the bond trading system of the inter-bank lending centre The trading system of the national inter-bank lending centre provides pricing information, ... source of financing for enterprises, if their own capital is excluded In summary, the deepening process of the financial markets has rendered the dominance of the banking sector in the financial ... in turn contributed to the financial stability not only in Asia but also in the whole world Role of the international financial institutions ( IFIs ) The IFIs have played an active role in financial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 07:15

... adults (39 ) The renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in the United States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies determined by clinical trials ... explore the sources of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of the BCG vaccine reported in the individual studies Using a model that included the geographic latitude of the study site and the data ... efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered Vol 45 / No RR-4 MMWR and the vaccinee’s age at the time of vaccination The protective efficacy of BCG...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... understanding issues facing community banks I THE CURRENT ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANKS The banking system in the United States has always been unique in the sense of containing large numbers of small ... were not there, other financial services providers might readily step in to take their place This article examines the role of community banks in the U.S economy The first section of the article ... While community banks still comprise the vast majority of banks, the question arises whether their role in the banking system has declined to the point of insignificance This section shows that...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... through the exchange between subunits of either their N-terminal, or their C-terminal ends [33–35] We found that the behavior with the model membrane of the dimer in which the C-terminal ends ... geometry of the hinge loop after ligation Also in this case no clashes were detected at Electrostatic interactions and antitumor RNases the dimer interface of the models or in the surroundings of the ... Nter are the C-terminal and N-terminal structural regions, respectively, of the two A and B monomers of the dimeric RNase The black circle between the monomers indicates the mass center of the dimer...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... N-linked oligosaccharide side-chains are important for the GABA transport activity 1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into the role of the ... misfolding of this protein, resulting in its partial retention in the ER and its rapid digestion thereafter [16,19] Accordingly, our results indicate that the intracellular trafficking of N-glycosylation ... Aliquots were used for measurement of the remaining [3H]GABA and [14C]sucrose The protein concentration in the supernatant was determined using the bicinchoninic acid protein assay reagent (Pierce, USA)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... t is the in interaction of the results of these asynchronous processes that the process of comprehension is defined 4.1 The processes are independent of the knowledge representations defined ... activation of a l l meanings of each recognized word in HOPE, the determination of the phonetic representation of a recognized word determines the breadth of active competition amon meanings for ... defined than through other methods, because i t enables one to develop a broader perspective of the questions within an analysis of the hypothesis in the cont e x t of a characterization of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... evolution of the same type of variables; their judgement on their actual and future behavior, including the type of constraints they face Some sets of answers are strongly cardinal, as for the current ... access-to-input for the worst in this sub-pool Conversely, the overbearing influence of the financial constraints in the lower half is statistically associated with a rather low occurrence of real ... Adjustment and the Role of Bank Credit in Russia: Evidence from a 420 Firm's Qualitative Survey The main underlying question in the above-mentioned conclusions rather brings back to the issue of the adjustment...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... many of them have been pioneers in the Latin American microfinance industry As of today, out of 15 Latin American members are active in microfinance These members are involved in different ways in ... unrivalled in scale, and outreach continues to grow in terms of the number of microborrowers Institutions providing microfinance in Asia play a critical role in increasing the access to finance for ... very helpful in bringing microfinance into the spotlight not only in developing countries but also in the developed world The awareness by policy makers about the role of microfinance as a major...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... ambiguous the meaning of the visual image, the more influence is exerted by the musical score in the process of interpreting the scene Music can convey the scope of a film, effectively communicating ... meaning through sound (including music), taking into account the director’s – and, therefore, the composer’s – intentions, the narrative content of the film, and the overall strategy of the director ... the relationship is invertible without changing the perceived meaning (i.e., it is equally valid to say that the music projects the meaning of the image or the image projects the meaning of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... However, the mechanistic roles of several of these residues are not described well and there is no example of mutational analysis of all of these residues in the same enzyme To obtain an insight into ... 1), thereby confirming the crucial role of Asp142 Catalysis in family 18 chitinases (Eur J Biochem 271) 259 In most ChiB structures, Asp142 is clearly defined, being either in the ÔdownÕ or in the ... positioned in the ÔupÕ position rows and shows that in the presence of the substrate, rotation of Asp142 towards Glu144 lowers the pKa of the latter by 0.8 pH units The calculated effects of the D140N...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... properties of the document containing the sentence and properties of the sentence itself Regarding the former type, two features come into play: the relevance score of the document (from the IR engine) ... evaluating answers to definition questions In HLT/EMNLP 2005 J Lin and D Demner-Fushman 2006a The role of knowledge in conceptual retrieval: A study in the domain of clinical medicine In SIGIR ... the findings of Monz (2003), who made the same observation in the factoid QA task There are a few caveats to consider when interpreting these results First, the test set of 25 questions is rather...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... additional schooling, the estimated schooling effect could include both the impacts of schooling and the fact that those continuing in school could earn more in the absence of schooling.2 For the most ... income levels mainly though speeding up technological progress, rather than shifting the level of the production function or increasing the impact of an additional year of schooling In sum, the ... student in a school in Ghana or Peru would gain the same amount of knowledge in any year of schooling as the average student in a school in Finland or Korea? Still, using the quantitative measure of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... trees The largest plant height was obtained using linings of stone and marble During the first year of the study, when the lining served only as mulch due to lack of rainfall, an increase of 33.3 ... crop yields in rainfed areas, even in the more marginal rainfed environments The continued application of conventional breeding and the recent developments in non-conventional breeding offer considerable ... Considerations of risk may be very important in the initial decision of whether to adopt rainwater harvesting at an individual farm level Especially due to the low economic status of many of the farmers in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... as Points of Access into the Financial System The Role of African Post Offices in Payments The Role of Post Offices in International Remittances The Role of Post Offices in Savings The Role of ... agreed between the ministries of finance, the IMF, and World Bank In the recent past in Africa, no distinction was made of the roles of the post as the mail provider, as owner of the post office network, ... Services The Role of Post Offices in International Remittances The Role of Post Offices in Savings The Role of Post Offices in Credit 5—Conclusion 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 Worldwide Landscape of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... rates only increase by 50 basis points, and the increase in inflation is 50 basis points less than in the baseline case A banking sector that remains well-capitalized can thus reduce the length ... capital increases the Additional evidence suggests that decreases in the capitalization of Japanese banks in the late 1980s had adverse effects on their lending and on economic activity in areas in the ... lending Figure illustrates the sequence of events that unfold in each period 2.2 Final good production Final Good Assembly Competitive firms produce the final good by combining a continuum of intermediate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20