the role of civil society in west africa

... buying inflows to reduce the NOFP. Nonetheless, in certain cases involving large one-off inflows of FDI, the SARB may have sufficient prior information to make an assessment as to whether the ... expectation of a strengthening of the rand) or by raising interest rates. Under either of these options, it would probably be both difficult and undesirable for the SARB to maintain the higher rates of ... currency crisis of 1998. Nevertheless, the NOFP and other indicators of international reserve adequacy remain a source of concern for investors that is reflected in South Africa s sovereign...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:11

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:56

... under the framework of financial globalization. II. Review of Institution Building in the Financial Sector A. Main driving forces of institution building A review of the developments of China’s financial ... performance. 2. Role of the central bank The central bank has played a role of policy designing and implementation in the process of institution building in the financial sector. The promulgation of The ... source of financing for enterprises, if their own capital is excluded. In summary, the deepening process of the financial markets has rendered the dominance of the banking sector in the financial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 07:15

... ( 39 ). The renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in the United States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies deter- mined by clinical trials ... to explore the sources of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of the BCG vaccine reported in the individual studies. Using a model that included the geographic latitude of the study site and the data ... <5 mm induration after skin testing with 5 TU of PPD tuberculin. The Tice strain of BCG is administered percutaneously; 0.3 mL of the reconstituted vaccine is usually placed on the skin in the lower...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... an important role in the financial system of the U.S. economy. They complement the role of large banks by special- izing in relationship banking and providing credit to small businesses—a sector ... James Weston. 1998. “Small Business Lending and the Changing Structure of the Banking Industry,” Journal of Banking and Finance, August. Sullivan, Richard J. 2000. “How Has the Adoption of Internet ... understanding issues facing community banks. I. THE CURRENT ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANKS The banking system in the United States has always been unique in the sense of containing large numbers of small...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... models or in the surroundings of the mutated residues. The models of RNase A covalent dimers in the exchanging conformation were prepared using the 7RSA structure and the structure of exchanging BS-RNase (1BSR) ... through the exchange between subunits of either their N-ter- minal, or their C-terminal ends [33–35]. We found that the behavior with the model membrane of the dimer in which the C-terminal ends ... were prepared using models of these dimers. The models of RNase A covalent dimers in the nonexchanging conforma- tion were prepared using the 7RSA structure and the struc- ture of nonexchanging BS-RNase...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... N-linked oligosaccharide side-chains are important for the GABA transport activity. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into the role of the terminal ... results in reduction of the stability of GAT1 In order to study the in uence of the N-glycosylation and N-linked oligosaccharides on protein stability, the intracellular decay time of the GAT1, ... for the stability of this protein, but the terminal structure of the N-glycans is not. Defective N-glycosylation reduces the trafficking of GAT1 to the plasma membrane In order to study the in uence...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... disambiguated word meaning. It is the in interaction of the results of these asynchronous processes that the process of comprehension is defined. The processes are independent of the know- ledge ... affected. The study includes off-line picture naming which forces use of articles in all of the above contexts, as well as on-line production of these morphemes in an attempt to determine in which ... HOPE, the determination of the phonetic representation of a recognized word determines the breadth of active competition amon 9 meanings for subsequent time intervals of the process. Depending...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... high-income areas. Consider the following. The Durban Chamber of Commerce and Industry “has in recent years expressed the concern of its members regarding the increasing cost of doing business in ... little difference to the lives of the urban and rural poor since being introduced in mid-2001. First, there is the problem of the quantity of free services being offered. With respect to electricity, the 50 ... boundaries, or the national mobility of goods, services, capital or labour. The Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance, may by notice in the Gazette, set a limit on the amount of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... most of them and access-to-input for the worst in this sub-pool. Conversely, the overbearing influence of the financial constraints in the lower half is statistically associated with a rather ... expected-debt. The probability of increasing debt raises with the fact that the enterprise was indebted in the past (in all the groups). Nodebt thus appears as a strong inertial component in the credit-demand ... decreasing for 53% of the sample, it has been increasing for 36%, and has been stable for the remaining 11%. An increase in indebtedness (of 80% in average) is associated with a 14% decrease in production,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... microfinance stands unrivalled in scale, and outreach continues to grow in terms of the number of microborrowers. Institutions providing microfinance in Asia play a critical role in increasing the ... very helpful in bringing microfinance into the spotlight not only in developing countries but also in the developed world. The awareness by policy makers about the role of microfinance as a major ... positions as savings mobilizers ranking ahead of most other financial institutions in their regions. 19 They also play an important role investing in their regions. From the USD 154 million savings collected...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... the meaning of the image or the image projects the meaning of the music), then the multimedia example has passed the similarity test and the relationship exhibited is one of conformance. In ... music), taking into account the director’s – and, therefore, the composer’s – intentions, the narrative content of the film, and the overall strategy of the director in constructing the multifaceted ... other-worldly. In this capacity, the role of music is significantly enhanced by the level of ambiguity inherent in the visual scene. Specifically, the more ambiguous the meaning of the visual image, the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... However, the mechanistic roles of several of these residues are not described well and there is no example of mutational analysis of all of these residues in the same enzyme. To obtain an insight into ... by the surrounding residues. The results so far indicate that larger parts of the polar core of the catalytic TIM barrel of family 18 chitinases play a role during catalysis. It will thus be interesting ... conformations. The Asp142 equiv- alent in the family 18 chitinase from Coccidioides immitis was found to be in the ÔdownÕ position in the apoenzyme and in the ÔupÕ position in the complex with allosamidin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... properties of the document containing the sentence and properties of the sentence itself. Regarding the former type, two features come into play: the relevance score of the document (from the IR engine) ... Surprisingly, adding 1 Since the count variant of POURPRE achieved the highest correlation with of cial rankings, the nugget score is simply the highest fraction in terms of word overlap between the ... acquiring nuclear weapons?”, which are the focus of the AQUAINT program in the U.S., and opinion questions such as “How does the Chilean government view attempts at having Pinochet tried in Spanish...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... schooling, the estimated schooling effect could include both the impacts of schooling and the fact that those continuing in school could earn more in the absence of schooling. 2 For the most ... influence. Ignoring these nonschool factors introduces another element of measurement error into the growth analyses in the same way as it did in the analysis of individual earnings. From the mid-1960s ... regardless of the quality of the education system in which it takes place, but delivers different increases in skills depending on the efficiency of the education system, the quality of teaching, the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... trees. The largest plant height was obtained using linings of stone and marble. During the first year of the study, when the lining served only as mulch due to lack of rainfall, an increase of ... to improve the HI of wheat, 9 The harvest index is defined as the ratio of grain to total crop biomass” (Cassman 1999). The Role of Rainfed Agriculture in the Future of Global Food ... Considerations of risk may be very important in the initial decision of whether to adopt rainwater harvesting at an individual farm level. Especially due to the low economic status of many of the farmers...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20