... will, among others, be of a public choice nature and include the importance of the particular financial institution to the local economy and its potential systemic impacton the rest ofthe financial ... credit away fromother segments oftheeconomy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the time ofthe systemic crisis. This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of already weak ... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side andproponents of weak fundamentals as the major cause on the other...
... and other state agencies as core participants. Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 5core theme in the understanding ofthe role ofthe ... Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 6These then are the state ... and the Birth of the US Biotechnology Enterprises. American Economic Review 88 (1). Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 2 The Political...
... Section ofthe De-partment of Economics of Princeton University. Although the Section sponsors the publications, the authors are freeto develop their topics as they wish. The Section welcomes the ... characteristics of central-bank charters grouped into four clusters: the appointment, dismissal, andlegal term of office ofthe governor ofthe central bank; the institutionallocation ofthe final ... pre-sence of a government official on the board ofthe central bank, and the percentage of board appointees made by the government. Central-banklaws in which the central bank is the final authority...
... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal. The third tenet ofthe formal voting theory emphasizes the importance ofthe form ofthe voting game’. On the contrary, there ... interact with the main macroeco-nomic variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness of the economy, the level of debt and the share of agriculture, and with other socio- economic ... regime the size ofthe public sector should be small, a substantial part ofthe electorate being excluded from the decision- making process. So, independent ofthe type of economy, the level of...
... change for the time being. Now the strategy isessentially a return to the ‘policy of a calm hand’ (Politik der ruhigen Hand) of the summer of 2001, in the hope of some sort of spin-off from global ... changes in the gross pay of active workers. The main aim ofthe government’spension policy was to adjust the revenues ofthe pension insurance funds to the expenditure required to serve the entitlements ... weakening ofthe tripartite structure of the Bundesagentur to a rather vague appeal to the ‘elites ofthe nation’ to assist increating employment opportunities for the unemployed. The commission’s...
... historical roots of the tussle over the naming of football codes can be traced back to the nineteenth century, with much ofthe battle fought in the pages of the press. Then, as now, the matter was ... written, there is enough evidence to compile a snapshot of these codes in the early part ofthe twentieth century.In the case of rugby (later rugby union), it is clear that the ante-cedents ofthe ... considerations were at the heart ofthe formation of a semi-professional rugby league in the north of England in 1895.54 Given the class dimensions ofthe game in the Australian context (described...
... capture the societal debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe environment.Naturally, given the breadth ... 884.5 Theeconomy as a circular flow system 894.6 The environmental Kuznets curve 924.7 The vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation 964.8 Theeconomy as a subsystem ofthe ecosystem ... extension of historical, political, andsocioeconomic processes that started long ago. It is reasonable, however,to point to the 1960s as the beginning ofthe rapid intensification of the process of...
... factions ofthe military competing against each other for political power and the spoils of office. Nevertheless, under a bureaucratic polity, where the governing elites are embedded in political ... 1963). The relationship of technocrats to the specific bureaucracies in which they work influences the leverage that they have with thepolitical leadership. 16 indigenous elites, and the economy, ... dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2010 ...
... individual has ofthe likely behavior of others. Strategies are designed based on the individual’s perceptions ofthe likelybenefits or costs that they will receive in light of their own and others’ ... perceive to be related to their actions and those of others. The payments people receive or costs they have to pay, the respect they earn from others, the acquisition of new skills or knowledge ... nowincludes of cials ofthe agencies themselves.What’s wrong with development aid? Almost every part or process ofthe aid systemhas been criticized, from the geopolitical agenda of donors to the distributive...
... capture the societal debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe environment.Naturally, given the breadth ... not reject the waywe have organized political and economic life on the planet. Instead theybelieve we can overcome the problem of sovereignty as the organizingprinciple oftheinternational ... communication. The World Wide Web had just 50 pagesin 1993; by the end ofthe decade there were 50 million.6 The number of Internet users went from 25 million in 1995 to 400 million by the end of 2000. The...
... readers to put the developmentindustry into the context ofthe global politicaleconomyof develop-ment, or at least that is the book’s aim. In other words, despite all the recent talk of poverty ... examples to illustrate the inequities of the trading system, the persistence of unequal exchange, the mythssurrounding the benevolence of aid, phantom aid and the degree of capital flight and ... canvass but below the canopythere remain only discrete stalks descending into the soil below.Metaphorically, these stalks are the nation states, emerging from the THEPOLITICALECONOMYOF DEVELOPMENT[5]Bracking_02_cha01.qxd...
... introduces the reader to the contours ofthepoliticaleconomyof development and the institutionalregime within which ‘creditor states’13compete and co-operate in the extension of markets. The term ... and the higher costs of living following the ‘Volcker Shock’12adjustment. Then, the negotiated settlement ofthe debt crisis, between the creditor banks, the creditor governments and theinternational ... the Northern states, borrowingmoney from them rarely helps the poor, it just deepens the debt cycle andturns the private sector ofthe developing country into a playground for the rich of the...
... possibilitiesand denials. In other words, in the promotion ofThe Market’ of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) period, a deepening of the management of markets by the IFIs took place: markets ... critically obscures how the divide between the global haves and have-nots is maintained; the technical slights of hand are the implementing policy machine of the politicaleconomyof development. It ... 1674 of April 2006, which endorses the 2005 World Summitstatement ofthe same.2. In some countries, such as Nigeria, these claims ran into billions of pounds.MONEY IN THEPOLITICALECONOMY OF...
... trade (and the associated reduction ofthe ability of governments to tax moving goods), the role of assuring profitabil-ity in the circuit of finance capital, particularly at the international level, ... investors’ belief in the power ofthe creditor states to control risk on their behalf, ominously,by more crude political means if necessary. The banks endorse the political management ofthe system itself.In ... senior official in the CDC in1993, referring to the case of Kenya, noted that the CDC would takeinvestment decisions:by understanding the human nature of these people, how theyare moving and the...
... arguably, the Corporation became the sole acceptable represen-tative ofthe British state, with promotion of local citizens and the presence ofthe Regional Controller and office which ‘took the edge ... interests:those ofthe British state which sponsored it and the particular interests of the people it would employ overseas given the structural position of the colonies in the world economy and ... chair of the ‘committee managing the common affairs ofthe whole bourgeoisie’, tomisquote Marx. The CDC was in co-operation with the World Bank asearly as 1950 in the co-financing ofthe Kariba...