the path of the smart grid

...  EPRI, “Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid:  A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment  Requirements and the Resultant Benefits of a Fully Functioning Smart Grid, ” Palo Alto, CA, 2011.  ... Executive Summary  The Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) program is a $3.4 billion initiative that seeks to  accelerate the transformation of the nation’s electric grid by deploying smart grid technologies  ... Each project is managed by a lead recipient and may include other teaming partners such as  other power companies, vendors, and equipment suppliers. Figure 1 shows the location of the headquarters offices of the 99 lead recipients; these include 47 states, the territory of Guam, ...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:21

... The Jeju smart grid test-bed project In 2009, the Government embarked on the construction of a smart grid test-bed in Jeju Island at the southern tip of the country, which is expected to be the ... Asia and the Pacific : Case Study - Republic of Korea’s smart grid development Figure 1: The Government’s vision for the smart grid Source: Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Korea Smart Grid Institute, ... Asia and the Pacific : Case Study - Republic of Korea’s smart grid development Figure 2: Jeju Island smart grid test-bed overview Source: Korea Smart Grid Institute website, Jeju’s Smart Grid Test-bed...

Ngày tải lên: 06/06/2016, 16:32

... management of the loads The diffusion of storage technologies in the public grid include several benefits: the optimization of the grid for the fulfilment of base-load the way to facilitate the power ... integration on power systems of DG and for enabling the starting and the consolidation of the new era of so called smart- grids A non exhaustive list of benefits of the energy storage properly ... vanadium technology is based on the four oxidation states of V, exploiting the V2+/V3+ transition one side of the membrane and the V5+/V4+ transition of the other The use of V sulphates or, more recently,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... to the voltage level of the selected intermediate tap For example, when S0 is on, VSC is the sum of the voltages across C6–C7 and VLoad On the other hand, when S1 is on, VSC is the sum of the ... is equivalent to the peak-to-peak voltage of the ac power source This equation implies that all the SCs are charged to the uniform voltage level of (EA − EB) − 2VD at the end of the charge at which ... becomes zero The charge rate is determined by Cif whose dimension is the inverse of resistance (i.e., conductance) The greater the capacitance of Ci and f, the quicker the SCs will be charged The inverse...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... RORs, and the application of these rules in the simulation of the operation of hydroelectric systems and compares them with the RORP In the latter case, the representative points of the optimal ... values of the input variable, to obtain the value of the output variable, the operating volume of the reservoirs in the interval t For this, the rules are inferred in parallel The inference of each ... the restriction of meeting the demand of electricity in the time range t The total generation from the hydroelectric system is represented by equation (3), given by the sum of the functions of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... interval of the planning depends on the decisions taken in the past and determine the future development of the hydroelectric system, the use of stored energy in the last interval of the horizon ... higher levels of storage in the reservoirs, reducing the possibility of hydraulic deficits of the hydrothermal generation system Therefore, the potential of RORGFS on optimizing the use of water resources, ... required The functions of this software is to transfer the machine codes of the program along with the settings to the PIC 16F84A In simple words, the software installs the PIC with the machine...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... alternant changes original bring the liquefied PCMs leaking from the microcapsules And the breakage of the shell will happen based on the mismatch of thermal expansion of the core and shell materials ... curve regression Lines of a and b separate at the release time of 90 and the release rate of first step is lower that the of the second step The TSC shell release curve of noctadecane has a special ... Illustration of the (a) chemical structural formula of the MMF formation and (b) the in-situ polymerization process of microcapsule shells 126 Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids an...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Q1:ON Q2:OFF DT Q1:OFF Q2:OFF Q1:ON Q2:OFF Q1:OFF Q2:ON (1-D)T A B Q1:OFF Q2:OFF (1-D)T Transition (b) Fig (a) Basic NBDC and (b) operating waveforms Q1:OFF Q2:ON Q1:OFF Q2:OFF DT B A Q1:OFF Q2:ON ... Q2:OFF DT B A Q1:OFF Q2:ON 164 Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids The operation of the NBDC of Fig 3.a is as follows The inductor is the main energy transfer element in this converter ... information on the coupling mechanism of the processes (Aledo & Valle, 2004) According to the Onsager’s theory, the matrix of PCs is symmetrical and positive definite Therefore, the following...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... every speed If the load power is higher then PLmax then the engine cannot deliver the requested torque and the result is further decrease of the speed and torque of the engine until the undesirable ... obtain results as follows The slope of the street has effect on the results in a change of the load torque (M) of DC drive In the Fig the change of the slope can be seen, where the point represents ... current/voltage plane of the source and torque/speed plane of the drive 184 Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids The field excitation is fixed and the speed is varied by the armature voltage...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... similar to that of the template The duplications of the nanostructure of the biomaterials offers new possibilities for biomaterials in a broad range of research fields beyond the conventional ... Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference of The Military Technical Collage (ICEENG) Advanced DC/DC Converters Proceedings of the EPE Conference Proceedings of the the International ... the nanofabrication of Co3O4, the mother phase of Li2O, is essential for the highly active Co3O4 anode (Li et al., 2008) The genetically modified M13 virus could define the nanostructure of Co3O4...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... specific capacity of the thioether polymers are listed in Table According to proposed redox reaction on S atom of thioether bond (Scheme 3), the theoretic specific capacity of the thioether polymers ... than the mainchain thioether polymers 246 Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids Fig The charge–discharge curves of poly[methanetetryl-tetra(thiomethylene)] Fig The charge–discharge of ... syntheses, and characterization of the thioether polymers 2.1 Structure and syntheses routes of the thioether polymers The structure and synthesis routes of thioether polymers investigated as cathode...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... conductivity of the membrane, R is the resistance of the membrane, and the sign L as well as A stands for the thickness of the membrane and the area of the electrode, respectively The EIS plots of the ... structure of the sample In order to understand the mechanism of the sulfonation of the Nafion/SiO2 composite membrane, several spectroscopic methods are used synthetically The FT-IR spectra of the ... Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Power Sources Materials Chemistry and Physics, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Journal of The Electrochemical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... (black) The grey line represents the evolution of the energy storage State of Charge (SoC) during the day The SoC values are presented on the figures’ left axis (grey) The maximum value of the grey ... to the energy losses and the voltage violation within the micro -grid The capacity requirements of the ESS and the energy requirements of the backup generator were studied for various cases The ... et al., 2007) The number of microsources, the penetration level and their location along the micro -grid will determine the voltage profile 2.1.3 Protection 2.1.3.1 Grid connected The electrical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... changing the rules to allow grid operators to stop wind generation under the excuse of low quality of service or low reliability of the grid operation Despite of the ethical debate about all these ... figure, the minimum storage to satisfy demand is just 30% of the required in critical situations It is verified that the higher the RPPR the lower the optimum storage but also the higher the Renewable ... and biomass than the baseline case) of these losses together with the evolution of the expected controllable conventional energy The Biomass case requires from any RPPR value the minimum controllable...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... in order to eliminate mechanical gears Smartgrid and microgrids Simultaneously, the implementation of smart/ microgrids is accelerating A key goal of SmartGrid City (Boulder, Colorado) and similar ... List the ordinary differential equations and the algebraic equations of the block diagram of Fig 17a Derive the transfer function of the transmission (e.g., tie line) line b Use either Mathematica ... encountered by the Danish grid, which has high WP plant penetration The rationale for the smart/ microgrid lies in the integrative analysis of distributed energy sources–-many of which will be...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... vanadium, titanium, nickel, and other metals The components of the battery are harmless to the environment; moreover, the batteries can be recycled The advantages of these batteries are long lifetime, ... without damage The specific energy of Ni–Cd batteries is around 55 Wh/kg The disadvantage of these batteries is using of cadmium These batteries can be recycled, but the cadmium is a kind of heavy ... battery weight The basic types of batteries used in industry and their specifications are: Lead–Acid Batteries These types of batteries are composed of the spongy lead works as the negative active...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... the other way, the matrix converter control is more complex than the control of the back-to-back converter Over the years the interesting properties presented by the matrix converter pushed the ... through coupling transformers, T1 in the shunt side and T2 in the series side A detailed diagram of the UPFC system showing the connection of the matrix converter to the transmission line, in Fig 2, ... (18) The next section will present the controllers design based on the inverse dynamics linearization of the power system model 3.2 Inverse dynamic linearization of the power system model The...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Ireland the greatest wind resource is located along the western seaboard This is also the location of the majority of the ocean energy resource in the form of wave energy The anticipated creation of ... assessing the impact of the integration of a small wave farm at the national wave energy test site in Belmullet, off the north west coast of Ireland, the impact on the local network voltage of varying ... kW However, the peak power output of the OWC is close to MW whereas the peak power output of the hydraulic attenuator device is around 300 kW In the case of the attenuator device, the inherent...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... 2007 The Papers of Technical Meeting on Transportation and Electric Railway, IEEJ The Papers of Technical Meeting on Transportation and Electric Railway IEEJ IEEJ Technical Report Proceedings of ... m) = ⎡ ⎣ ⎤ ⎦ Charging power of EDLC Time Motor power Discharging power of EDLC Braking motor power IEEJ Annual Conference 2006 Proceedings of EPE 2009 Proceedings of EPE 2009 Meidenjiho Electric ... IEEJ Technical Report Proceedings of EPE 2009 Proceedings of The IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... conductivity of the membrane, R is the resistance of the membrane, and the sign L as well as A stands for the thickness of the membrane and the area of the electrode, respectively The EIS plots of the ... structure of the sample In order to understand the mechanism of the sulfonation of the Nafion/SiO2 composite membrane, several spectroscopic methods are used synthetically The FT-IR spectra of the ... realization of the theoretical capacity of a host material offered by its redox levels is determined by the number of intercalated ions concurrent with the charge transfer of the required number of electrons...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:20