the neutrophil and its special role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

... SET and IG analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript RF, LMOC and CRN obtained the data All authors provided input on the interpretation and they read and approved of the final draft of the ... impairment of HS during follow-up This finding reinforces the impact of exacerbation in clinical outcomes; exacerbations of COPD indicate clinical instability and progression of the disease and are associated ... worsening in the SGRQ total score and activity domain Our findings are in accord with Lin et al [11], who found by multiple linear regression that the BODE index was associated with SGRQ at baseline...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22

... correlate their reports of exacerbations with the medical notes relating to clinic attendances in the intervening year to increase accuracy As part of their routine clinical care at clinic visits during ... marked in those with reduced fat free mass and declined further over the course of a year The only parameter predicting decline in QMVC during follow up was QMVC at baseline Of note the mean decline ... significant increase in FFM occurring in the quitter group Although weight gain following smoking cessation is commonly described we are not aware of any data showing an increase in FFM in COPD patients...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... to inhaled corticosteroids prior to screening † Data missing for four patients in ACCLAIM/COPD I (two each in the aclidinium and placebo arms) BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary ... (headache and rash [same patient], and cerebellar infarction) In each study, the percent incidence of deaths was lower in the aclidinium group than in the placebo group (Table 3), and none were ... the conception and design of the study and the interpretation of the study data RL supervised the statistical analysis All authors contributed to the development of the manuscript, and read and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) and alveolar rims (b) and ... elastin binding protein and FEV1 Relationship between elastin binding protein and FEV1 Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) and alveolar rims (b) and FEV1% in ... staining (Fig 1a,b) showed reduced elastic fiber staining in the both alveolar wall and alveolar Figure Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding protein Lung sections stained...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... that the role of TNFα may be more predominant in acute inflammatory episodes rather than in the chronic disease process Therefore future studies maybe better focused on the roles of anti-TNF therapies ... window of the disease spectrum due to the nature of patients undergoing surgery and therefore we are unable to include GOLD III and IV patients Therefore it is difficult to determine if the increase ... http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/47 Figurethe key cytokine in the inflammatory response TNFα, TNFα, the key cytokine in the inflammatory response Data from figures 1A and 2A, B, and 2C were re-plotted to analyse the relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... be insufficient to obtain a full view Fourth, remodelling in COPD may itself generate and maintain an inflammatory process, independent of cigarette smoking [25] In order to elucidate the role ... sputum processing and immunoassays and revised the manuscript DP contributed to the conception and design of the study, the data collection and the interpretation of the data and revised the manuscript ... Simony-Lafontaine J, Lequeu N, Vic P, Enander I, Godard P, Michel FB: Eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease J Allergy Clin Immunol...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... observational study examining the relationship between the amount of energy and protein administered during ICU stay and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, and the extent to which pre-morbid ... the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and functional outcome by the six-minute walk test They concluded that, in the first year after the insult, patients showed improvement in their ... Rabe KF, Goehring U-M, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ; for the M2-124 and M2-125 Study Groups: Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... contributions ASP and TAL conceptualized the study, TAL obtained the data, ASP and YY analysed the data and drafted the manuscript All authors provided input on the interpretation and they read and approved ... of generic, indirect utility measures (the HUI2, HUI3, SF-6D, and the EQ-5D) and disease- specific instruments (the RAQoL and the HAQ) in rheumatoid arthritis Social Science & Medicine 2005, 60(7):1571-1582 ... disease [15] Such studies suggest that the performance of a HRQL measure may depend on the severity of COPD in a patient population We were interested in further investigating the strengths and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... develop in healthy individuals [18,19] In COPD, the abdominal muscles are frequently recruited even during resting breathing [20] When walking to exhaustion, inspiratory work of breathing in COPD ... the effects of exercise induced potentiation to wear off [24] This study was intended to investigate whether the increased loading that the expiratory muscles are subject to during exercise in ... subjects, in whom the distinction into inspiratory and expiratory is not absolute During exercise, at least in normal subjects, the expiratory muscles act as accessory muscles of inspiration by reducing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:20

... data and wrote the manuscript EM, JM and AT designed the study, and participated in the analysis and interpretation of data AM and SV recruited the patients, collected data and participate in the ... of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were measured using quantitative sandwich ... explain this finding, including a small number of patients with valid samples for analysis, the inter-individual variability in the sputum concentrations of the cytokines was very large [24], and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21

... than other alternative methods, especially in the elderly, it still continues to be the criterion established in the GOLD guidelines and is certainly the most widely used in clinical practice The ... Sin DD, Man SF: Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary ... subject groups and any of the COPD stages [10] In contrast, an inverse association between higher levels of circulating inflammation-sensitive proteins, including CRP, interleukin (IL)-6 and alpha-1...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Individual contributions of all authors MD and GB were the principal investigators of the study JW contributed in the design and ... period they were regarded as drop-outs (3 patients in the PR group and patient in the NIPPV + PR group) Oxygen was used during training to maintain arterial oxygen saturation >90% NIPPV In the NIPPV ... 30-minute periods of cycling exercises, walking, and inspiratory muscle training each The cycling protocol consisted of intervals of one minute loaded cycling (aimed at 140% of a patient’s initial...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... (2% in each MF-DPI group and 1% in the placebo group) and COPD aggravated (4% in each MF-DPI group and 5% in the placebo group) The total lumbar spine BMD increased slightly (0.857%) at endpoint ... pharyngitis and a hoarse voice in the ICS group than in the placebo group In the ICS group, the number needed to harm by causing a case of pneumonia was 49 Spontaneous bruising was a frequent finding in ... dividing the dose into a morning and evening regimen in COPD patients This has practical relevance as inhaled therapy producing once-daily bronchodilatation is now available, [38] and the benefits...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... determines the training response [62] Whether the addition of strength training and/ or upper limb training provides any additional benefits when added to lower limb endurance training requires further ... capacity [28] These changes include an increase in mitochondrial number, increased muscle capillarization, and an increase in muscle oxidative enzyme activity After intense training the proportion ... differ from those obtained in normal individuals In normal persons, as long as the work intensity is above a critical minimum intensity, it is the total work performed and not the intensity of exercise...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... power of 85% to detect a 25% reduction in TTPG, assuming a baseline TTPG of 46 mmHg increasing by mmHg in the placebo group during the year of the study and a standard deviation of 16 mmHg This power ... in particular no significant effect on arterial blood gases The rationale behind this study was based on the findings that angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II are both involved in ... NM, PR, RB were involved in the design of the study NM, PP, MH, BHS were involved in the acquision of clinical data NM & PR wrote the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... maintain a constant Pappl, a change in any one of its determinants (Pmus or Paw) must be met by an opposite change in the other In clinical terms, this means that, for instance, increasing the ... expiration [33] and WOB was increased [8] The authors convincingly showed that relying on time rather than on flow cycling, that is, by limiting the maximum inspiratory time, delayed cycling, the magnitude ... mechanisms, in terms of both the inspiratory effort required and initial delay, triggering thereby adding little to the overall work of breathing [19] Nonetheless, on most machines the trigger sensitivity...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... experience in the field of NPPV and FBO techniques, and the patients in the control group (intubated and controlled ventilation) were treated in another unit with less experience – hence limiting the ... be of help to integrate with the findings of the present study As NPPV is a harmful therapeutic in hypoxemic patients, especially in COPD patients, even when it is used in the best and optimal conditions ... great interest of these findings for all practicing clinicians, the present study is a case–control design using observational data and a lack of randomisation [1], which may bias results in favour...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:22

... features by superimposing them over other features, and determining the extent to which there was overlap between the grid and a spatial unit in this instance, the Int J Med Sci 2007, degree ... violate the properties of statistical inference and underpins the basis of probability theory [18, 19] Gotway and Young [17] outline a combination of spatial smoothing and geostatistical upscaling ... ZCTAs for the 1999 data and joined them with the U.S Census Bureau summary files (SF-3) for ZCTAs One of the benefits of using ZCTAs is that the SF-3 Census 2000 data contain detailed information...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... linear regression analysis where the instrument of interest is the dependent and the anchors the independent variable Using the equation one can estimate the minimal important difference of the ... 0.5.[23] Using the regression equation and the minimal important difference of the anchors (0.5 points for the CRQ[15] and points for the FT[23]) we estimated the minimal important difference of the ... of the instrument of interest In our analysis, we first assessed the correlation between the anchors (CRQ and Feeling Thermometer) and the HADS domain and total score We decided to use linear...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... ailment At the same time they have great difficulty in recognising and describing their emotions [20-22] Although the role of alexithymia and its association with levels of anxiety and depression ... depression and anxiety levels, a finding suggesting that this comorbidity should be taken into consideration when drafting psychotherapeutic programs for these patients Competing interests The authors ... AM, Baldwin RC, Connolly MJ: Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire Int J Geriatr...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21