... SET and IG analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript RF, LMOC and CRN obtained the data All authors provided input on the interpretation and they read and approved of the final draft of the ... impairment of HS during follow-up This finding reinforces the impact of exacerbation in clinical outcomes; exacerbations of COPD indicate clinical instability and progression of thediseaseand are associated ... worsening inthe SGRQ total score and activity domain Our findings are in accord with Lin et al [11], who found by multiple linear regression that the BODE index was associated with SGRQ at baseline...
... correlate their reports of exacerbations with the medical notes relating to clinic attendances inthe intervening year to increase accuracy As part of their routine clinical care at clinic visits during ... marked in those with reduced fat free mass and declined further over the course of a year The only parameter predicting decline in QMVC during follow up was QMVC at baseline Of note the mean decline ... significant increase in FFM occurring inthe quitter group Although weight gain following smoking cessation is commonly described we are not aware of any data showing an increase in FFM in COPD patients...
... to inhaled corticosteroids prior to screening † Data missing for four patients in ACCLAIM/COPD I (two each inthe aclidinium and placebo arms) BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronicobstructivepulmonary ... (headache and rash [same patient], and cerebellar infarction) In each study, the percent incidence of deaths was lower inthe aclidinium group than inthe placebo group (Table 3), and none were ... the conception and design of the study andthe interpretation of the study data RL supervised the statistical analysis All authors contributed to the development of the manuscript, and read and...
... elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) and alveolar rims (b) and ... elastin binding protein and FEV1 Relationship between elastin binding protein and FEV1 Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) and alveolar rims (b) and FEV1% in ... staining (Fig 1a,b) showed reduced elastic fiber staining inthe both alveolar wall and alveolar Figure Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding protein Lung sections stained...
... that therole of TNFα may be more predominant in acute inflammatory episodes rather than inthechronicdisease process Therefore future studies maybe better focused on the roles of anti-TNF therapies ... window of thedisease spectrum due to the nature of patients undergoing surgery and therefore we are unable to include GOLD III and IV patients Therefore it is difficult to determine if the increase ... http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/47 Figurethe key cytokine inthe inflammatory response TNFα, TNFα, the key cytokine inthe inflammatory response Data from figures 1A and 2A, B, and 2C were re-plotted to analyse the relationship...
... be insufficient to obtain a full view Fourth, remodelling in COPD may itself generate and maintain an inflammatory process, independent of cigarette smoking [25] In order to elucidate therole ... sputum processing and immunoassays and revised the manuscript DP contributed to the conception and design of the study, the data collection andthe interpretation of the data and revised the manuscript ... Simony-Lafontaine J, Lequeu N, Vic P, Enander I, Godard P, Michel FB: Eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma, chronic bronchitis, andchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease J Allergy Clin Immunol...
... observational study examining the relationship between the amount of energy and protein administered during ICU stay and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, andthe extent to which pre-morbid ... the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and functional outcome by the six-minute walk test They concluded that, inthe first year after the insult, patients showed improvement in their ... Rabe KF, Goehring U-M, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ; for the M2-124 and M2-125 Study Groups: Roflumilast in symptomatic chronicobstructivepulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials...
... contributions ASP and TAL conceptualized the study, TAL obtained the data, ASP and YY analysed the data and drafted the manuscript All authors provided input on the interpretation and they read and approved ... of generic, indirect utility measures (the HUI2, HUI3, SF-6D, andthe EQ-5D) and disease- specific instruments (the RAQoL andthe HAQ) in rheumatoid arthritis Social Science & Medicine 2005, 60(7):1571-1582 ... disease [15] Such studies suggest that the performance of a HRQL measure may depend on the severity of COPD in a patient population We were interested in further investigating the strengths and...
... develop in healthy individuals [18,19] In COPD, the abdominal muscles are frequently recruited even during resting breathing [20] When walking to exhaustion, inspiratory work of breathing in COPD ... the effects of exercise induced potentiation to wear off [24] This study was intended to investigate whether the increased loading that the expiratory muscles are subject to during exercise in ... subjects, in whom the distinction into inspiratory and expiratory is not absolute During exercise, at least in normal subjects, the expiratory muscles act as accessory muscles of inspiration by reducing...
... data and wrote the manuscript EM, JM and AT designed the study, and participated inthe analysis and interpretation of data AM and SV recruited the patients, collected data and participate inthe ... of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were measured using quantitative sandwich ... explain this finding, including a small number of patients with valid samples for analysis, the inter-individual variability inthe sputum concentrations of the cytokines was very large [24], and...
... than other alternative methods, especially inthe elderly, it still continues to be the criterion established inthe GOLD guidelines and is certainly the most widely used in clinical practice The ... Sin DD, Man SF: Why are patients with chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation inchronicobstructivepulmonary ... subject groups and any of the COPD stages [10] In contrast, an inverse association between higher levels of circulating inflammation-sensitive proteins, including CRP, interleukin (IL)-6 and alpha-1...
... Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Individual contributions of all authors MD and GB were the principal investigators of the study JW contributed inthe design and ... period they were regarded as drop-outs (3 patients inthe PR group and patient inthe NIPPV + PR group) Oxygen was used during training to maintain arterial oxygen saturation >90% NIPPV Inthe NIPPV ... 30-minute periods of cycling exercises, walking, and inspiratory muscle training each The cycling protocol consisted of intervals of one minute loaded cycling (aimed at 140% of a patient’s initial...
... (2% in each MF-DPI group and 1% inthe placebo group) and COPD aggravated (4% in each MF-DPI group and 5% inthe placebo group) The total lumbar spine BMD increased slightly (0.857%) at endpoint ... pharyngitis and a hoarse voice inthe ICS group than inthe placebo group Inthe ICS group, the number needed to harm by causing a case of pneumonia was 49 Spontaneous bruising was a frequent finding in ... dividing the dose into a morning and evening regimen in COPD patients This has practical relevance as inhaled therapy producing once-daily bronchodilatation is now available, [38] andthe benefits...
... determines the training response [62] Whether the addition of strength training and/ or upper limb training provides any additional benefits when added to lower limb endurance training requires further ... capacity [28] These changes include an increase in mitochondrial number, increased muscle capillarization, and an increase in muscle oxidative enzyme activity After intense training the proportion ... differ from those obtained in normal individuals In normal persons, as long as the work intensity is above a critical minimum intensity, it is the total work performed and not the intensity of exercise...
... power of 85% to detect a 25% reduction in TTPG, assuming a baseline TTPG of 46 mmHg increasing by mmHg inthe placebo group during the year of the study and a standard deviation of 16 mmHg This power ... in particular no significant effect on arterial blood gases The rationale behind this study was based on the findings that angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II are both involved in ... NM, PR, RB were involved inthe design of the study NM, PP, MH, BHS were involved inthe acquision of clinical data NM & PR wrote the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript...
... maintain a constant Pappl, a change in any one of its determinants (Pmus or Paw) must be met by an opposite change inthe other In clinical terms, this means that, for instance, increasing the ... expiration [33] and WOB was increased [8] The authors convincingly showed that relying on time rather than on flow cycling, that is, by limiting the maximum inspiratory time, delayed cycling, the magnitude ... mechanisms, in terms of both the inspiratory effort required and initial delay, triggering thereby adding little to the overall work of breathing [19] Nonetheless, on most machines the trigger sensitivity...
... experience inthe field of NPPV and FBO techniques, andthe patients inthe control group (intubated and controlled ventilation) were treated in another unit with less experience – hence limiting the ... be of help to integrate with the findings of the present study As NPPV is a harmful therapeutic in hypoxemic patients, especially in COPD patients, even when it is used inthe best and optimal conditions ... great interest of these findings for all practicing clinicians, the present study is a case–control design using observational data and a lack of randomisation [1], which may bias results in favour...
... features by superimposing them over other features, and determining the extent to which there was overlap between the grid and a spatial unit in this instance, the Int J Med Sci 2007, degree ... violate the properties of statistical inference and underpins the basis of probability theory [18, 19] Gotway and Young [17] outline a combination of spatial smoothing and geostatistical upscaling ... ZCTAs for the 1999 data and joined them with the U.S Census Bureau summary files (SF-3) for ZCTAs One of the benefits of using ZCTAs is that the SF-3 Census 2000 data contain detailed information...
... linear regression analysis where the instrument of interest is the dependent andthe anchors the independent variable Using the equation one can estimate the minimal important difference of the ... 0.5.[23] Using the regression equation andthe minimal important difference of the anchors (0.5 points for the CRQ[15] and points for the FT[23]) we estimated the minimal important difference of the ... of the instrument of interest In our analysis, we first assessed the correlation between the anchors (CRQ and Feeling Thermometer) andthe HADS domain and total score We decided to use linear...
... ailment At the same time they have great difficulty in recognising and describing their emotions [20-22] Although therole of alexithymia andits association with levels of anxiety and depression ... depression and anxiety levels, a finding suggesting that this comorbidity should be taken into consideration when drafting psychotherapeutic programs for these patients Competing interests The authors ... AM, Baldwin RC, Connolly MJ: Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronicobstructivepulmonary disease: prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire Int J Geriatr...