the nature of science is such that

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... what part the language is playing, what it is that the participants are expecting the language to do for them in that situation, the symbolic organisation of the text, the status that it has, ... nature of the social action that is taking place: what is it that the participants are engaged in, in which the language is an essential component? + The TENOR OF DISCOURSE concerns who is taking ... is thus a theory of the global distribution of the units of the grammar. The English grammatical rank scale recognized by Systemic Functional Grammar is as follows: In turn, each unit has their...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:44

... all of them, or al- most all. This is going to be awful!—an old-fashioned epi- demic like none of us has ever seen!” The better the scien- tist, the larger the scruple and the more he insisted ... for this book is available from the British Library. would go no further—“30 percent; we cannot say more than 30 percent”—till they were sure I had the message. Then they would shut the of ce ... rethink this, Rob. And I’d say, No, it’s fine the way it is. Rob, do you think the reader wants to know all this? Rob, what is it, really, that you want to say? Most of the time, of course, Elise was...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:47

... that, it’s no wonder that many of us tense up when we sit down to write. But fortunately, the How of writing is not the heart of the matter, and we all once knew it. Since you are reading this ... grips with the material. They are deer in the headlights. Paraphrasing for someone like me helps them learn that they can figure it out, because I won’t let them off the hook till they hazard ... and polish (always fun, the exercise of craft), then start a new segment on that momentum. The next day I could start by polishing yester- day’s rough edges, and so it went. But to achieve that...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... all of them, or al- most all. This is going to be awful!—an old-fashioned epi- demic like none of us has ever seen!” The better the scien- tist, the larger the scruple and the more he insisted ... to much of today’s research is mistaken or incomplete. Furthermore, the longer you live, the more of the “facts” in your head will be erroneous. Science keeps moving and the Todal takes the hindmost, ... you to say this maxim several times: The reader is smart. The reader is smart. The reader is smart. . . . ” “Fifty percent of everything I am teaching you is wrong. The trouble is, I don’t know...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15

... again, so the scientist looks at nature and tries to understand it. The curiosity CHAPTER History and Nature of Science IN THIS chapter, you will read about what drives science, the nature of scientific ... facts is first observed. The theories are then developed by looking for more facts that fit into the theory and by modifying the theory to include or explain the facts that do not fit. Beliefs One of ... have discovered the true nature of their planet, have observed other galaxies, and have landed on the moon. The im- mense progress people have made in science is well expressed in this quote: “The...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2013, 17:20

... to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is common in academic English. Prefixes are added to the front of the base ( like dislike), whereas suffixes are added to the end of the ... of Philip Island are very small, as can be seen in the photograph. They are also a tourist attraction. They walk along the same pathways from the sea to their nests every morning, and tourists ... change the class of the base word, but suffixes usually do change the class of the word. The most common prefixes used to form new verbs in academic English are: re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 10:16

... the page, gathered it together with one or two others and, still not looking up, passed them to me. It was a short essay for the Johns Hopkins Maga- zine, which she edited, but this was one of ... 2002011065 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. As I stepped into her of ce, I found Elise in her desk chair, bent over a page of manuscript rolled up into her typewriter. ... Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hancock, Elise. Ideas into words: mastering the craft of science writing / Elise Hancock. p. cm. ISBN 0-8018-7329-0 — ISBN 0-8018-7330-4 1. Technical writing. I....

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... education, or interest in it. Science writers and editors needn’t start off knowing much science. Some of the best of them do, but some of the best of them don’t. They must, though, be able to ... and shake off the high intimidation quotient of a dense, jargon-laden article in the Proceedings of the National Acad- emy of Sciences. Elise was a member of this breed; she was an English major ... in the pages of this book. I speak now not of such matters of common sense and good profes- sional practice as double-checking names, though these count, too. But rather of a rich sensibility of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... part of learning, so much so that ani- mal trainers count on them. They call them “prelearning temper tantrums,” because the frustration means that the creature is about to get it. Neurologists ... that s the way animals learn, including human ones. The harder the firing ,the stronger the pathway. That is why memo- ries from combat or other trauma can remain so vivid and trip so easily. The ... way. This affinity is one reason that I believe you will find it easy to work with scientists. The other is that the two groups share a goal, helping the public know what science does and why it matters....

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... professional network as well, but the network is the least of the gift, be- cause a so-called “network” is really more like a tribe. If you are the right breed of cat for your mentor’s tribe, the ... it up a bit—then this’ll be yellow.” What I love about this story is the way it captures both the light and dark sides of the trait. People so curious they must always check out the obvious, ... had discovered that experts do not, in fact, follow the rules they will give you if you ask why they do what they do. Rather, experts are persons to whom every case is a special case because they’ve...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... you get the picture. Spot what appeals to the visual sense. Today’s technology lets us look at everything from the eyes of flies to the birth of stars, from the bottom of the ocean to the everyday ... whole class of story ideas arrives from the other direction: from outside the world of research, in the form of a question, observation, or piece of news.To under- stand the phenomenon then brings ... getting enthused. First of all, get out of your own way. Remember that you Ideas into Words 30 The challenge is twofold: not only to see the important item, buried as it is among other research “news” that will...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... it. The beauty of case studies is that they carry the reader along on the wings of story, to which you can append pods of explanation as needed. At the same time, they anchor is- sues in the ... needs. For example: the Insured, the Uninsured, the Doctor, the Insurance Company, the Taxpayer, the Hospital, the Residents and Medical Stu- dents, the Medical Teachers, the Makers of Medical Parapher- nalia ... expertise to the table .The science writer knows how to translate science for the public, while the scientist knows the sci- ence. Whenever you start writing about any particular piece of research,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

... to the science. Simple can be best, especially if time is short. For example: “I have studied the material you sent me, and it seems to me the heart of the matter is [ FILL IN THE BLANK]. Is that ... have that missing background to give the readers (or to artfully write around). The next time you cover this discipline, you’ll be that much better off. An omnium-gatherum of question ideas: The ... interpretation? What is the cen- tral issue? What was the biggest surprise you got in this work? How did you first get the idea? What comes next? Is the next experiment already clear to you? What is the next...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... lot by osmosis. Science, the journal of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, is also weekly, and its front section of science news is without peer. Because it is a scientific ... inter- views, the machine took enough attention that my rapport with the other person suffered, plus I often lost track of the content. The problem is that, when I’m typing at the speed of speech, the ... don’t understand” is an honorable admission, one that is made daily, because it is the basis of all scientific investigation. To ask the right question, you must first realize that you don’t understand. Be...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20