the nature of chemical signals in the marine environment

... understanding of the chemical nature of many of the substances that serve as signal molecules in the marine environment and occupants of cell-surface receptors in the internal environment of metazoans ... SIGNALS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT The chemical signals encountered by organisms in marine and other aquatic environments can be conceptually distributed among four categories They can be chemically ... direction of rotation of the bacterial flagellum and, thus, determines whether the cell is swimming or tumbling Other Che proteins are involved with adaptation, directly affecting the ability of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... date The rarity of PAL in bacteria may be explained by the infrequency of phenylpropanoids in these species The bacterial PALs seem to be involved in biosynthesis of the antibiotics enterocin by ... is involved in the biosynthesis of the photoactive yellow protein chromophore of these bacteria The two recently discovered aminomutases, the phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase (PAM) involved in taxol ... Constructing the ‘Tyr-loop-out’ variants of the bacterial PALs The ‘Tyr-loop -in models PlPALin and SmPALin were modified by replacing residues 50–85 (PlPALin) and 34–68 (SmPALin) with the corresponding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... treatment of cells with insulin [25] Replacing its N-terminus with the N-terminal part of 4E-BP1 led to a marked increase in its phosphorylation (even in the absence of insulin) Thus, it seems that the ... 17 residues of 4E-BP1 contain the RAIP motif To assess whether removal of the RAIP motif accounts for the reduced binding of raptor to the 18– 117 fragment, we compared the binding of raptor to ... decrease in basal phosphorylation at Thr36 ⁄ 45 and impaired the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of these sites Next, we studied the importance of the arginine and proline residues within the RAIP...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... detected in human urine [13], indicating the formation of DNA AGEs in the healthy human organism A significantly increased number of CEdGpositive cells were immunostained in glomeruli of patients ... days of incubation The cell number was determined by the total amount of 2¢-deoxyguanosine One half of the confluent HSC-T6 cells was harvested immediately and the other half after 14 days of incubation ... DNA of nongrowing cells, HSC-T6 cells were kept in minimal medium containing 1.5% fetal bovine serum for weeks The composition of the medium was adjusted to minimize growth and cell death during...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... estimate of the relative differences in abundance of a target in the two samples can be obtained by comparing the ratio of the fluorescence intensities at the two wavelengths By always using the same ... with the aim of increasing productivity One such mechanism relies on the inhibition of dominant amplification m a r k e r s such as glutamine synthetase or adenosine deaminase by the addition of ... constructs in cell lines or transgenic mice offers the advantage of determining the function of regulatory elements after integration into the genome and assimilation into chromatin i p j Laybourn...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:41

... domains 19 DNA-binding Domains In accord with the sequence and structure of DNA-binding domains, regulatory proteins are often grouped into class The goal function of the DNA-binding domain rules ... becoming a key focus of interest in the gene expression area Many classes of DNA-binding domains have been described in eukaryotes [41] Some DNA-binding proteins not fit into any of the defined ... remodel the chromatin so that activators and the basal machinery can bind The mechanisms of remodeling contain changes in the structure of chromatin and in modification of histones that in some...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2015, 09:45

... pH6.0; furthermore, these strains did not increase even at pH6.5 for 24 hours However, these strains increased at pH7.0 as S aureus On the other hand, the standard strain of C albicans increased ... (p

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... stage in the SC-CO2 treatment and the inactivation rate increased as the temperature increased The survival curves described by a rapid-to-slow two stage kinetics were in agreement with the findings ... selective inactivation of enzymes could result from a drop of internal pH of the microorganisms during the pressurized CO2 treatment The dissociation of dissolved CO2, present in large amounts in the ... inactivating coliform bacteria in untreated water due to the increase in the CO2/sample flow rate - 244 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 7, No 4, 2009 The effect of temperature during...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... Isoprenoid quinones are used as coenzymes in the electron transport chain for respiration of microorganisms The major type of quinone contained in each microorganism depends on the features of the microorganism ... biochemical knowledge or skills Thus, the quinone profiling has high affinity with analysts Moreover, quinone composition used in quinone profiling can achieve a qualitative evaluation of the ... was at the outlet point, the height of which was fixed during the observation period The water treatment apparatus was set just in front of the weir, and water levels in the paddy field and the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... derivatives are used in cosmetics, paints and coatings, lubricants and in the food industry (Bódalo et al., 2005) They are useful chemical intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals ... rate of 0.8 ml/min The oven temperature was programmed at 60 oC for 5min, followed by an increase (held for min), and finally at 100C/min to 280 oC (held for 10 min) The temperature of the FID ... detector (FID) The injection was conducted in split less mode at 250 C for 3min by using an inlet of 0.75 mm i.d to minimize peak broadening Chromatographic separations were performed by using DB-WAX...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... coli in vivo can be explained by their competitive inhibition at the ribosome-binding site [32] Together, the M and C domains of human eRF1, in the absence of the N domain, are able to bind to the ... 1H,15N-HSQC spectra of the M domain of human eRF1 The numbering of the residues corresponds to that of the full eRF1 protein (A) The Gly region of the 15 H, N-HSQC spectrum of the M domain of human eRF1 ... [5–14] The role of the middle (M) domain will be described in detail below The C domain of eRF1 interacts with the C domain of eRF3 [15–18], and the binding of both factors is essential for fast kinetics...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... because of the lack of detailed information about the functional contribution of individual components of the translational machinery Only some of the factors involved in the initiation of translation ... using cap-FLuc reporter mRNA in the absence or presence of increasing amounts of the indicated proteins (B) Functionality of the Ubx-IRES in a dicistronic reporter mRNA in vitro The effect of the ... and in developing tissues provided interesting insights into the function of eIF4B In mammalian cell cultures, a 50-fold overexpression of eIF4B resulted in the inhibition of the protein synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... activity by interacting with the enzyme–substrate complex, denaturing the enzyme protein, interacting with its active sites (Nannipieri, 1994) or by affecting the synthesis of the enzymes within the ... are the primary producers and form the base of the food chain Algae account for 4–27% of the total microbial biomass in the soil (McCann and Cullimore, 1979) and are involved in maintaining soil ... components (including the organisms) In addition, the total amount of bioavailable metal in soil is influenced by complexation with dissolved organic and inorganic ligands The toxicity of Cd to the mineralization...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:21

... including intramolecular protein–protein interactions, are required for heme sensing because the axial ligands of the heme, His119 ⁄ His120 in the N-terminal domain and Cys409 in the C-terminal domain, ... phosphorylation at Ser51 of eIF2a is triggered Therefore, it is important to explore the role of autophosphorylation of the HRI protein in the intramolecular protein–protein interaction (between the NTD and ... sensing stress, these eIF2a kinases phosphorylate a common substrate, eIF2a at Ser51, leading to the termination of protein synthesis [3] HRI regulates the translation of hemoglobin proteins in...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... research forwards into the future Indeed, obtaining accurate measurements of the concentrations, distributions and flux of all the main players involved in protein folding in the ER in vivo is still ... provided the basis on which to understand the complexity of protein folding in vivo S Ventura (Barcelona, Spain) discussed the challenges of elucidating the folding pathways of disulfide bond-containing ... [38] The tailoring of such compounds to steer the folding and turnover of specific target proteins in the clinic should therefore be possible for a number of diseases where protein misfolding is...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... but with the use of chemicals How we harness these power elements in Nature? How we apply the principle of “farming with air, water and sunlight?” In Biointensive mini-farming, one of the basic ... shading Although the sun rises in the east, and sets in the west, the sun inclines a little to the northern side The moon is also the reflection of the sun When we plant towards the new moon, or ... microorganisms in their biotoilets eliminating foul odors and improving wastes decomposition In the Philippines where in the past two years, I had conducted seminar-workshop in the use and culture of these...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:18

... Utilizing the Boussinesq approximation (which is valid because the inertial effects of the density stratification are negligible, the dominant term multiplying the inertia terms is the density of the ... carried out all the work regarding the development of the model, performing simulations, writing and revising the paper and approving the final manuscript Competing interests The author declares ... negative; in this case at the instability boundary the effect of the nanoparticle distribution is stabilizing and the effect of the temperature gradient is destabilizing; the presence of these two...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... biomining (Rawling, 2002) Biomining is becoming increasingly important in mining because of its lower and containable pollutant outputs comparing to thermal processes Efficacy in biomining environments ... 2009) The fascinating ability of members of the Archaea to thrive in extremes of temperature, salt and pH as well as in other seemingly hostile niches has generated substantial interest in the ... during swimming The cells can attach to the substrate using these flagella The remaining two flagella are directed posteriorly and beat slowly They are used during feeding to drive the water into...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... and in' its immediate vicinity, the effect of the plants themselves on this function, the interrelationships among different microorganisms in the rhizosphere, the elucidation of the mechanisms of ... action in the agroecosystom all these lines of research are intimately associated with the problems of soil fertility and crop yields These in turn have a direct hearing on the nutrition of mankind, ... inhibition was linked to binding of the bacteria to the hyphae, thus indicating that a lectin-type interaction is probably involved (Nelson et al., 1986) This interaction may not however be the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... slaughtering and subsequent meat processing, the water used for processing becomes a contaminating source Follow the standard of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development, in the slaughtering ... with the Standard of MARD, the level of E coli contamination in water using in slaughterhouses were higher from 10 to 100 times Table The result of total bacteria enumeration in water using in ... Cross-contamination bacteria from feces, sewage in the floor to water may also have occurred as a result of using the tools or basin to take water in the tanks and then put these tools in the dirty...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:22