the method of economics

... understanding of economics The Scope of Economics Most students taking economics for the first time are surprised by the breadth of what they study Some think that economics will teach them about the stock ... Table 1.1 summarizes these divisions of economics and some of the subjects with which they are concerned C H A P T E R The Scope and Method of Economics The Diverse Fields of Economics Individual ... change) The slope of the curve, the ratio of the change in capital goods to the change in consumer goods, is negative The value of the slope of a society's ppf is called the marginal rate of transformation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... one net advantages: the tax relief on debt interest Behind the use of WACC (the average of the costs of these sources of financing) as the NPV discount rate is the assumption of an unchanging capital ... gearing Two of these, the advantage of debt being ‘cheaper’ than equity and the disadvantage of the cost of equity rising because of increase financial risk, exactly offset each other This leaves ... other 2- Accounting rate of return (ARR) The rate of return on an investment that is calculated by taking the total cash inflow over the life of the investment and dividing it by the number of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 13:02

... contributed to the maturing of economics into a social science The logical starting point for the timeline is the life and times of Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics The Basics of Economics ... economy Microeconomics is the older of the two branches of economics, occupying much of the attention of the early schools of economic thought The most important participants in the microeconomy ... two main branches of economics are microeconomics and macroeconomics Branches of Economics Microeconomics is the branch of economics that focuses on the interactions among the individual decision-making...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 11:20

... Requirement for the admission to the module is the positive assessment of the thesis § Master thesis (1) The completion of a Master thesis is mandatory (2) The Master thesis has to meet the scientific ... discussion of advanced problems in the field of regional economics Requirement for admission to the courses of the module is the positive assessment of the mandatory modules Microeconomics and Macroeconomics ... Introduction to the models and methods of the theory of industrial economics Introduction to the Theory of Industrial Economics: Elaborating on the material presented in the lecture by solving problem...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... of the hypothesis, they simply deny the truth of the premise of the hypothesis They would allow that if the consumer is actually a maximizer, the hypothesis would be a true explanation of the ... argue against the possibility of the hypothesized behaviour or one can argue against the empirical truth of the premise of the hypothesis In the case of the neoclassical maximization hypothesis, virtually ... follows: Ui is the unused portion of the available ith resource Pj is the price of the jth good Vi is the value of the ith resource Xj is the output quantity of the jth good 54 Principles of economics...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 21:56

... solutions of 3.60 Clearly α t and β t are not the solutions of 3.60 and α t < β t , t ∈ 0, Also, the assumptions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied Thus, the conclusion of Theorem 3.1 applies to the problem ... F f φ Then, the convergence of the sequence {αn } of approximate solutions (obtained in Theorem 3.1) is quadratic Proof Let us set en pen − qen x t − αn t 1 t ≥ so that en ηi , satisfies the boundary ... solutions of 3.16 Hence by Theorems 2.2 and 2.3, there exists a unique solution α1 of 3.16 such that α0 ≤ α1 ≤ β t , α1 ≤ M1 , t ∈ 0, 3.18 Boundary Value Problems Note that the uniqueness of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... a contradiction to the definition of t0 , so u t ≤ β t , for any t ∈ T1 , T2 Proofs of main results In this section, we will deal with the proofs of main results Proof of Theorem 1.1 From Lemmas ... is bounded By virtue of Schauder fixed point theorem, Φf u has at least one fixed point u in Cc,d Then, u is a solution of SBVP with 1.1 This completes the proof Proof of Theorem 1.2 Let d with ... Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol 2008, Article ID 279306, pages, 2008 18 V V Zhikov, “Averaging of functionals of the calculus of variations and elasticity theory,” Mathematics of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... Correlation of the dipole moment with the Hammett constants of the substituents It is evident from the table II that electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring increase the pKa of anilines ... substituents enhance planarity of the aniline framework, thereby shortening d(CN) The accompanying loss of electron density from the amino nitrogen atom decreases the pKa of the amino group Conversely, ... HyperChem software 7.52 to study the influence of substituents on some properties of compounds II Methods Hammett constants for the substituents were taken from [8] The pKa values for the aniline...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 13:21

... yields the best number of stages and the proper transistor sizes to realize the minimum delay The path delay D is the sum of the delays of each of the stages of logic in the path As in the expression ... independent of the size of the transistors in the circuit The electrical effort h describes how the electrical environment of the logic gate affects performance and how the size of the transistors in the ... gate The branching effort B is the product of the branching effort at each stage along the path The electrical effort H is the ratio of the 23 1.5 Summary of the Method Table 1.4 Summary of terms...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2014, 16:21

... with our assessment of barriers to the greater use of these methods Cost-effectiveness analysis The choice of implementation interventions could be strengthened through the use of cost and cost-effectiveness ... with the financial impact of adopting the collaborative model It employs the perspective of a VA manager at the facility level, identifying new costs attributable to the program, primarily the ... skepticism Researchers have offered two major normative critiques of the budget impact analyses In essence they reflect the reasoning that led to the development of the reference case CEA First,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

... with our assessment of barriers to the greater use of these methods Cost-effectiveness analysis The choice of implementation interventions could be strengthened through the use of cost and cost-effectiveness ... with the financial impact of adopting the collaborative model It employs the perspective of a VA manager at the facility level, identifying new costs attributable to the program, primarily the ... skepticism Researchers have offered two major normative critiques of the budget impact analyses In essence they reflect the reasoning that led to the development of the reference case CEA First,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... = − π L 0 L  For the following PDEs, what ODEs are implied by the method of separation of variables ? Solution : We can use the method of separation of variables to find the following ODEs ... ∂r  Inthe method of separation of var iables , we will find solutions in the product form c) u (r , t ) = φ ( r ) G ( t ) where φ ( r ) is only a function of r and G ( t ) is a function of t We ... From the equation u ( x, t ) = φ ( x ) G ( t ) where φ ( x ) is only a function of x and G ( t ) is a function of t We will get sec ond partial derivetive of u ( x, t ) with respect to t and the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2014, 19:00

... (1992) wrote a book titled The End of History and the 20 Origins of the Great Recession Last Man The thesis was that the fall of the Wall marked the absolute triumph of liberal market democracy ... reflecting the absence of Keynesian economics within the mainstream of the economics profession The neoliberal government failure and market failure hypotheses adopt a narrow-lens interpretation of the ... American capitalism what the fall of the Berlin Wall was to the Soviet system In hindsight, it may mark the end of the era of unbound neoliberalism that is behind the tragedy of the Great Recession...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 13:32

... Economics (2009) Paul Davidson Emeritus Professor of Economics, University of Tennessee Editor of the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics and member of the Editorial Board of Ekonomia He is the ... editor of twenty-two books, the most recent one being The Keynes Solution (2009) Meghnad Desai Emeritus Professor of Economics, London School of Economics, and member of the House of Lords Author of ... Economics, and weekly columnist in the Financial Times Author of The Long and the Short of It (2009) Sujoy Mukerji Professor of Economics, University of Oxford, and the author of articles on uncertainty...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 17:00

... ‘flattening’ the other!) What we see, then, is a kind of raising of the stakes, or of the ‘level’ of the gift, which prevents one from gaining at the other’s expense There is nothing of the kind in the ... any other of the gifts of nature which exist in boundless quantity … In the same manner, the brewer, the distiller, the dyer, make incessant use of the air and water for the production of their ... scarcity The question then becomes whether scarcity lies behind us or in front of us THE IMPOTENCE OF ECONOMIC ‘REASON’ To repeat: the mathematization of economics is not the issue: it is not the...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2014, 09:47

... [CheLi91], the latter method is a variant of the former one As far as we know, this method was used by Li and Zhu in [LiZhu95] A prior to the work by Li and Zhu, to make use of the method of moving ... this new method to (1.1) since the HardyLittlewood-Sobolev inequality does not work due to the presence of the negative exponent q The primary aim of this note is to reformulate the method of moving ... Following the method of moving spheres by Li and Zhu, Zhang and Hao first introduced the integral form of the method of moving spheres in [ZhaHao08] to provide a new proof for [CheLiOu06, Theorem...

Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2015, 07:54

... Finally, we underline that the earlier methods of evaluating the fractal dimension of limit sets of two-dimensional NSEs seems inapplicable here; in the case of the method of Lyapunov exponents (see ... to weaken the requirements on the regularity of the solution and on the other hand enables us to formulate the results for a broader class of nonlinearities and, even more, to treat the problems ... What is the advantage of this alternative viewpoint on A? Clearly, instead of estimating the fractal dimension of A directly, we are given the possibility of estimating the fractal dimension of A‘...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2015, 14:19

... CV ∂x The previous studies show that the effective diffusivity Def f of silicon-self interstitial could be positive or zero, or negative The fig.1 is the graph of the effective diffusivity of silicon-self ... surface So the diffusion process of silicon-self interstitial is backward, i.e the diffusion flux of silicon-self interstitial is from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration ... in the sky, so the dust and industrial exhaust concentration increases in earth’s atmosphere Based on the interesting properties of the backward diffusion, we propose a method of control of polluted...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2015, 10:39

... Microeconomics versus Macroeconomics (cont'd) • Macroeconomics  The study of the behavior of the economy as a whole  Deals with economywide phenomena  The national unemployment rate  The rate ... Summary Discussion of Learning Objectives • Microeconomics versus macroeconomics  Economics is the study of how individuals make choices to satisfy wants  Microeconomics is the study of decision making ... reserved 1-25 Example: The Perceived Value of Gifts • The perceived value of gifts  Often, the recipient of the gift places a value on it far less than the market value  Should we substitute gift...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2016, 11:20