the measurements of x ray energy

... profile, the NSR increases from 2% to 5% (see Figure and text for details) where SX denotes the size of the largest cluster of type X, xX is the number fraction of each structure type ( X xX = 1), ... each fixed structure type X (X = C, I, D), the size n of clusters follows a lognormal distribution fX (n) = exp − sX /2 2π X sX exp − log n − log X 2s2 X , (4) M Ladisa et al with mode X and ... convenient description of the strain factor as a function of the structure type and cluster size is aX (n) = X + X − X × π + atan n0 − n /wX X , π + atan n0 − /wX X (5) Table 1: Values of parameters...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 20:20

... include identification of these lesions as a strand break, verification of the nature of the 3¢ end, and identification of a satisfactory pathway for repair The XRCC1 component of the XRCC1–DNA ligase ... the proteins are dissociating from the DNA Therefore, cross-linking of Pol b and the XRCC1–DNA ligase IIIa heterodimer correlates well with the kinetics of repair We next immunodepleted the XRCC1–DNA ... Furthermore, immunodepletion of PNK did not affect the amounts of XRCC1 and Pol b in the extract (Fig 5B) Using the same extract, we found efficient cross-linking of XRCC1 to the 3¢-OH gapped substrate...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 22:53

... knowledge of the subject with the theory of x- ray diffraction, the experi- mental methods involved, and the main applications Because the author is a metallurgist, the majority of these applications ... whereas the wavelength of visible light is of the order of 6000A X- rays therefore occupy the PROPERTIES OF X- RAYS megacycle 10_ 1 [CHAP IQl kilocycle FIG i-i The electromagnetic spectrum The boundaries ... (b) with x at PKOPERTIES OF X- RAYS [CHAP film arbitrary units, such as the degree of blackening of a photographic to the x- ray beam exposed An accelerated electric charge radiates energy The acceleration...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 11:20

... f12 x2 ; ZÞ exp½Àb3 x2 À x Š; x x x3 > h ib4 > > : f14 x; ZÞ ¼ f13 x3 ; ZÞ x ; x x x4 x3 where < f21 x; ZÞ ¼ a expðÀb1 x þ ðZ À aÞ expðÀcxÞ; x x1 x x x2 F2 x; ZÞ ¼ f22 x; ZÞ ¼ f21 x1 ; ... (1996): X > < s1 x; ZÞ ¼ di ½exp x À 1Ši ; x xi S x; ZÞ ¼ i¼1 > : s2 x; ZÞ ¼ ½Z À s1 x; ZÞ À t2 Šg1 x þ t2 g2 x þ s1 x1 ; ZÞ x1 < x ð66Þ where g1 x ¼ À exp½t1 x1 À x Š and g2 x ¼ À exp½t3 ... ZÞ exp½Àb2 x1 À x Š; : f23 x; ZÞ ¼ f22 x2 ; ZÞ exp½Àb3 x2 À x Š; x x x3 Z ð75Þ where Z 100 The parameters for the calculation of F (x, Z ), including the critical values of x1 , x2 , ´ and x3 ,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 18:53

... Use of Agricultural Residues for the Provision of Bioenergy (03KB021) The Optimisation of Regional Cycles for the Supply of Biogenic Fuels for Power Plants, quoting the example of the Biomassehof ... for Energy ) in the framework of the German Climate Initiative The subject of the funding programme is the research and development of energy efficient technologies and the optimisation of processes ... flow-orientated assessment of research within the scope of the funding programme and the entire bioenergy sector In the past, a comparison of the data and results in the field of bioenergy research proved...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... Use of Agricultural Residues for the Provision of Bioenergy (03KB021) The Optimisation of Regional Cycles for the Supply of Biogenic Fuels for Power Plants, quoting the example of the Biomassehof ... for Energy ) in the framework of the German Climate Initiative The subject of the funding programme is the research and development of energy efficient technologies and the optimisation of processes ... flow-orientated assessment of research within the scope of the funding programme and the entire bioenergy sector In the past, a comparison of the data and results in the field of bioenergy research proved...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Box 2.3 Box 2.4 Box 3.1 Box 3.2 Box 3.3 Box 3.4 Box 3.5 Box 4.1 Box 4.2 Box 4.3 Box 5.1 Box 5.2 Box 5.3 Box 6.1 Box 6.2 Box 6.3 Box 6.4 Box 7.1 Box 7.2 Box 7.3 Box 7.4 Perceptions of the Poor ... rather the use of the services, as measured by expenditures The impacts of the private port at Mundra in Kuchchh were different from the impacts of road and electricity improvements Although these ... enhances the contact and communication of the poor with the outside world However, the team found that the positive impacts of transport and energy investments on the poor were constrained by existing...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

... also in the method of measuring also affected the GE value of maize 3.3 The metabolizable energy (ME) values of some varieties of maize The results of the experiments, which calculated the ME ... had the coefficient of variation (CV %) lower than 2% The maximum coefficient of variation in the GE value was the samples of LCH9 variety (2.64%) The less the coefficient of variation was, the ... GEf: The gross energy content of gram of excreta (kcal) F: Excreta output (g) After each period of experiment, birds were rested for days 2.5 Prediction of metabolizable energy content of some...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:22

... Box 2.3 Box 2.4 Box 3.1 Box 3.2 Box 3.3 Box 3.4 Box 3.5 Box 4.1 Box 4.2 Box 4.3 Box 5.1 Box 5.2 Box 5.3 Box 6.1 Box 6.2 Box 6.3 Box 6.4 Box 7.1 Box 7.2 Box 7.3 Box 7.4 Perceptions of the Poor ... rather the use of the services, as measured by expenditures The impacts of the private port at Mundra in Kuchchh were different from the impacts of road and electricity improvements Although these ... enhances the contact and communication of the poor with the outside world However, the team found that the positive impacts of transport and energy investments on the poor were constrained by existing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Chapter and more fully in the Appendix A complete list of the studies reviewed is given in the Bibliography The findings of the project review are reported in Chapter The literature and project ... people in the urban areas of the cold-weather climates of Eastern Europe and Central Asia… As in so many domains, so with energy scarcity: the poor and vulnerable suffer, and finally the children ... formed the basis for a knowledge gap analysis and the formulation of proposals for the field research, described in Chapter The study team identified research on the impact of transportation and energy...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... The concept of measurable, income- or asset-based poverty can be further specified in terms of extent (percentage of the population below the poverty line), depth (mean distance of poverty ... initially benof the benefits than the poor, the benefits to the poor were efited primarily the large farmers already living in the nevertheless large enough to reduce (by 20–40%) the numproject ... at the role of transport in the lives and livelihoods of six women employed in the informal sector More than half the respondents estimated that they spent between and hours every day to meet their...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... mountainous terrain, the cost of major bridges is excluded and the total cost for projects in these areas is adjusted downward The final ranking also takes account of the severity of access problems, ... and the development of other natural resources The project will allow the efficient transport of coal to energy- deficient areas in Guizhou and neighboring provinces Hence, it will promote an expansion ... among other objectives Two of the project site provinces—Hunan and Guangxi—are relatively poor, and project investments were expected to promote economic Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... provision, the impacts of transport modes other than roads, the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and • the impacts of transport and energy projects on the urban poor Other gaps ... India and the PRC The results of this study are reported in the Thailand country study (Chapter 6) Crosscutting Themes The central theme of the proposed research program is the impact of transport ... implementation of transport and energy projects is another important aspect of the governance issue The field research therefore had to evaluate the extent to which poor people participated in the design of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... only one third of 17% of those in the north so Five years ago, nearly 80% of the walking trips but also almost the same share of trips the interviewed farmers took the bus to Xi’an The change in ... of Xi’an From 221 BC to the Tang dynasty, Shaanxi was the center of political activity in China The northern upland part of the province is on the loess plateau, where the climate and soils are ... sites in Shaanxi Province, one in the north and one Xi’an Railway Project, which traverses the southeast part in the south Yulin Prefecture, in the north, has been the of Shaanxi Province, will...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... debates over the merits of additional infrastructure investment The aim of the study was to inform this debate by providing data from the point of view of the poor themselves The study examined perceived ... help the Thailand study team to map some of the features of their village to and use of transport and energy services in greater detail The third module asked about perceptions of the impacts of ... favor of either the poor or the nonpoor However, it is a general fact that both roads and electricity were often provided to the better-off households in the villages before the rest of the villagers...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... reflects the feelings of a number of villagers living in the vicinity of the new private port at Mundra (Baroi Village) His story shows how the development of a port in the area raised the expectations ... strain on existing facilities, justifying further investment In the case of energy, the study noted the difficulties that public utilities were having in meeting the energy needs of the rural ... all index, suggesting that intermediaries, rather than farmcrops either at the district or the state levels.) ers, were capturing the benefits of the change in national A comparison of the prices...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... take advantage of them They see the benefits of reduced transport costs reflected in the prices of their products and of the goods they purchase, as well as in the increased presence of traders and ... evaluate the factors that affect the ability of the poor to take advantage of the opportunities offered by transport and energy improvements The present study cannot demonstrate the impact of such ... increased the prices of some essential commodities, putting further pressure on the limited resources of the poor In general, the villagers feel that they have not benefited from the construction of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... developed for measuring the poverty reduction impacts of transport and energy projects On the other hand, the overall approach of examining the poverty impacts of transport and energy interventions ... operational, transport and energy interventions begin to have effects on the poor, but the effects in the early years are often not a good indication of the full nature or extent of the eventual impacts ... Of the three studies, only one, in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), explicitly addressed the choice of technology in road construction and energy generation as a policy issue This is rather...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... the lifestyles of the really rich Future research could examine more closely the ways in which the effects of transportation and energy investments in urban areas “trickle down” to the poor The ... indirect effect on the ers more responsive to the needs of the poor poor, even if they are not direct users of these services For example, reduced transport costs can lower the cost of goods in local ... some of these not specify the extent of expected outcomes Among the World Bank projects, some, though not many, have explicitly addressed poverty impacts in their proposed M&E activities The World...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23