... conditions ofthe model are valid The index ranks economies on their ease of doing business A high ranking on the index means the regulatory environment is favorable to the operation of business This index ... 2009 International Monetary Fund WP/09/15 IMF Working Paper African Department The Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Sub- SaharanAfrica Prepared by Valentina Flamini, Calvin McDonald, ... database given the lack of financial deepening in SSA Moreover, a common finding inthe banking literature is that these measures of concentration have only a weak relationship with profitability...
... regarding the efficacy of inhaled ribavirin for treatment of RSV CAP in infants Ribavirin has in vitro activity against RSV, but use of this drug for RSV infection is not routinely recommended inthe ... failure of oral antimicrobial therapy inthe developing world found that theageofthe child was one ofthe most important clinical predictors (highly significant for those ,6 months of age) [54] In ... young infants (up to months of age) with CAP are generally admitted to the hospital for initial management Given the increased risk of morbidity, the admission of infants up to months ofage with...
... groups in sub- Saharan Africa, especially outside South Africa Focus group study Methods We wanted to explore how clinical expert working in low income settings in sub- SaharanAfrica judge the health ... effects in two influential review papers on the cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions inAfrica [23,24], as well as in many ofthe underlying original publications The DALY is also the core ... compared the quality of life in people with HIV/AIDS in Western Cape, South Africa with a sample from the general population using the SF-36 instrument [18] The main finding was that HIV subjects...
... mean infection FIGURE 1: PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPING TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE FOLLOWING INFECTION: INFLUENCE OFTHE NUMBER OF INFECTING BACILLI, THE DURATION OF EXPOSURE AND THE COMPETENCE OFTHE INDIVIDUAL’S ... available in South Africa Not available in South Africa Ciprofloxacin can be substituted for Ofloxacin Not available in South Africa 15 11 GENERAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES Irrespective of whether APPROACH ... macrophages, where they initiate infection The risk for an individual of becoming infected with tubercle bacilli depends on the concentration of organisms inthe source case, the duration of exposure...
... with the Population Health Division ofthe Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, the NHMRC initiated the development ofthe guidelines In working on the project, and having determined ... Guidelines for theManagementof Overweight and Obesity in Adults 1—SETTING 1.2.4 THE SCENE The health burden inthe aged Several epidemiological studies have suggested an age- related weakening of ... gain inthe current environment In addition to these physio-demographic indicators of risk, there are particular life stages when the risk of weight gain is increased for all individuals, in the...
... needs to be promoted for the sake ofthe millions who already an issue for Africans seeking training have crippling RHD inAfrica An example of coordinated training is the Namibian Heart Project: ... along these lines were begun at the Build local infrastructure through teams PASCAR meeting in Nairobi in 2007 There are also many models There is no point in training a surgeon who has no local infrastruc- ... begins, complex cases being flown to up in most ofthe major centres in South Africa, and also a few in mentor institutions Africa, including in Egypt and Uganda However, while this phase of...
... Background The human resource crisis is particularly acute in subSaharan Africa WHO defined 57 countries as having a critical shortage, and 36 of them are in sub- SaharanAfrica [1] The reasons ... experienced medical officers from sub- Saharan African countries The participants were drawn from the students ofthe international master in public health ofthe Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, ... clinical work; the others are engaged in a variety of other functions, ranging from management or training to policy work Type of organizations The northern volunteer organizations that send international...
... the findings of their CBA study inthe Gambia, noted that better roads were built near the villages inthe intervention group (PHC villages) This co-intervention, which took place during the study ... number of years [38] With at least 23 such systems in sub- SaharanAfrica now participating inthe INDEPTH network [39], the potential for conducting community-based studies ofthe impacts of CHWs in ... contacting the authors of included studies and scanning the reference lists of existing books and papers Secondly, our focus on studies from Africa may limit the generalizability ofthe review findings...
... health The destruction ofthe vagina's natural flora facilitates the proliferation of other potentially harmful microorganisms The lack of lubrication results in lacerations ofthe epithelial lining ... they infected their wives, who, in turn, transmitted the virus to their children during delivery or breastfeeding The high prevalence of HIV infection in African countries with extensive mining ... that ravaged the continent The main purpose of dry sex is to increase friction during intercourse, enhancing the male's experience These practices are destructive and costly in terms of women's...
... especially inthe early aggradation and the aggradation phases ofthe unmanaged forest Silver fir was the dominant species of snags ranging from 68% ofthe stems inthe early aggradation phase to 96% in ... 13] The presence of different forms of dead wood in a forest could be considered as the result ofthe decay of a certain percentage of trees or parts of trees and measured in numbers of individuals ... considerable among the young stems, contributing to the development of a pool of small dead trees The remaining trees formed the pool of old trees dying from the degradation phase Inthe degradation...
... use of aprotinin and tranxemic acid have also been employed to reduce intraoperative bleeding[12] Previous surgery in JW have used aprotinin, a bovine derived inhibitor of trypsin and plasmin ... accompanying images A copy ofthe written consent is available for review by the Editor -in- Chief of this journal Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests ... impact of EPO therapy on patient survival or tumor recurrence[22] We decided against the use of EPO in this case The use of recombinant clotting factors and DDAVP was also thought inappropriate in...
... reached almost the same level as inthe course of AIA in vivo Inthe case ofthe TRPV1 receptor, the proportion of positive neurones increased by about 10% inthe positive studies (see Introduction), ... for 15 minutes at 22°C The reaction was stopped by washing in ddH2O To examine whether the binding was related to B2 receptors, nmol/ml BK-gold was incubated in parallel control dishes inthe presence ... conditions The open bars inthe graphs show the proportions of conditions neurones (%) inthe indicated size ranges; the black insets show the proportions of neurones that express neurokinin (NK1)...
... support However, when comparing their results, the number of maternal orphans incurred in South Africa with ART intervention was similar to our findings, indicating that their methodology paralleled ... would be highest in South Africa (901,705) and lowest in Zimbabwe (86,961) Figure shows the number of orphans incurred in Scenario and Scenario for each ofthe 10 subSaharan African countries ... strength of this software is that it enables the inputting of country, age and sex-specific Figure Total number of AIDS orphans incurred in Scenario (Universal ART uptake) and Scenario (Sustaining...
... care, including fluid management and weaning off the respirator with extubation on the day ofthe surgery, was provided by the hospital’s Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit Pain was managed using ... mutation inthe b-globulin gene on chromosome 11 This mutation leads to the synthesis of HbS, in which the hydrophobic valine at position ofthe 146-amino acid haemoglobin protein is replaced by the ... hypovolemia, hypothermia and hyperviscosity, were prevented by monitoring his vital signs and maintaining them within tight ranges Anaesthesia from the beginning up to the end of surgery lasted 80 minutes...
... smoking) modulate risk inthe HIV population[66] Importance of these associations in a SubSaharan African setting and the impact of globalization upon them Importance of both associations within ... abnormalities[71] The DAD study (Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs) assessed the risk of Myocardial Infarction (MI) in HIV patients by measuring the incidence of MI in terms of duration of ... essential for infection control, including TB infection[38,40] Not only are macrophages the primary site of TB infection but they also instigate the main immune response to TB[12,41] Macrophage function...
... countries inthe 1990’s upon the advent of treatment in those settings However, the experience inAfrica will be distinct in at least two important ways First, the scope ofthe problem in terms of both ... access to ART in Southern Africa marks the dawning of a new era inthe history of HIV as vast numbers of people living with HIV may expect to live far longer [5] Indeed, the clinical, immunologic ... useful starting point as the HIV field shifts to consider HIVrelated disability [27] In terms of health systems, attending to the increasingly chronic nature of HIV offers links to existing efforts...
... examples include norepinephrine with dobutamine or phosphodiesterase III inhibitors, and dobutamine with levosimendan The beneficial effects of treatment with inotropic agents on outcome inthemanagement ... achieving adequate perfusion ofthe peripheral organs, thereby facilitating survival inthe ICU, increasingly the objective of modern ventricular assist device therapy is to obtain a level of functionality ... to the size of a cigarette package In third-generation rotary pumps the spinning rotor floats by means of either a magnetic field or hydrodynamic levitation, never touching the pump housing, thereby...
... The client was happy with the sample Then the agency learnt that the work involved not only the 100 pages inthe set of slides discussed inthe initial meeting, but also that there were 10 other ... that there is an optimal size of firms where they are only big enough such that at the margin, the increase in costs due to diminishing returns ofmanagement is equal to the increase in costs incurred ... certain portion ofthe final good in- house whilst facing diminishing marginal returns, in accordance with Coase’s idea of diminishing returns to management; and 2) subcontracting the portion that...
... Assessment ofthe severity ofthe pneumonia is the key to planning appropriate managementofthe patient Regular assessment of severity during the course ofthe illness should be performed Clinical ... CAP Nottingham Antimicrobial Guidelines Committee Revised July 2008 Page of Review July 2010 Management • Oxygen therapy with monitoring of oxygen saturations and FiO2, aiming to maintain Pao2 ... GUIDELINES FOR THEMANAGEMENTOF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN ADULTS Introduction and Microbiology Investigations and Severity Assessment Management and Antibiotic Treatment Further Treatment...