the lymphocyte in asthma and copd

... compared to non -COPD patients an increased staining for fibronectin in the neointima, for collagen type IV and laminin in the medial layer, and for collagen type III in the adventitial layer of bronchial ... on the ASM; and an increase in the ASM layer thickness can increase the strength of the muscle In addition, the remodelling of the connective tissue in the smooth muscle compartment could increase ... that there are vessel changes in the bronchial wall in both asthma and COPD, there are distinct differences in detail between these situations Angiogenesis seems to be a typical finding in asthma, ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... chest in the morning in the winter? Bring up phlegm during day or night in the winter? Bring up phlegm most days for three months each year? Ever had asthma? Appendix Suffer from long term limiting ... * HRQoL, COPD, and asthma In the current analyses, we chose to join self-reported asthma and spirometrically defined COPD in one group Firstly, aging is an established risk factor for COPD [17,30,31] ... cough/phlegm symptoms and asthma/ COPD had lower PCS than subjects with these symptoms and neither asthma nor COPD This difference might be explained by the frequency and intensity of these symptoms,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... reflects the variations in the presentation of acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD in a typical emergency department setting, both in disease severity and the treatment required However, the relationship ... albuterol enantiomer remain unknown and are the subject of ongoing work The wide variation in the relationship between dose and levels has also indicated the difficulties in spot sampling methodology ... interpret and are often not translated into clinical studies that compare the therapeutic outcome [19-22] There are a number of studies indicating that both the immediate therapeutic effects and immediate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... Although asthma and COPD have many risk factors in common and often coexist in clinical settings, and there is some evidence that asthma may be a risk factor for the development of COPD [40], they ... only 20% of the working population living in Malmö commute to work outside Malmö, the majority of the population in smaller municipalities in the remaining region commute to work outside their own ... rate in the more polluted city of Malmö (73% vs 80% in the remaining region) Outcome measures The following outcomes were investigated, as obtained by the postal questionnaires: • Diagnosis of asthma...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... than the values we observed in the present study [10] This may be explained by the difference in the duration of degasification, which was 10 minutes in the study by Soyer, and 20 minutes in the ... drafted the manuscript SD helped in acquiring patient data PH, PS, CV, RB, RS and KR were involved in drafting and revising the manuscript SG carried out the logistics and appointed all included ... variability Hunt and co-workers adopted the procedure of removing CO2 by flushing the samples with argon, an inert gas, thereby removing CO2 from the EBC solution The initial pH values in the non-de-aerated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... of high-affinity IL-4Rα and either the common γ chain or the IL-13 receptor α chain Binding of IL-4 results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transduction molecules including motifs similar ... high-affinity α chain (IL-4Rα) and a second chain that can be either the common γ chain or the α chain of the IL-13 receptor (IL-13Rα) [23] The common γ chain is found in multiple cytokine receptors ... unable to bind glucocorticoids but can bind and antagonize the transactivating activity of the classic GCR-α Through these mechanisms, the autocrine production of IL-4 by TH2 cells in the asthmatic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... people with asthma [1,6] Another more common variant, the 5T allele, could likewise be involved in asthma [7] or COPD This variation is in the polythymidine tract of the CFTR gene and has mainly been ... combined polythymidine and F508del genotypes [1], and examined associations between 11 different genotype combinations, and annual FEV1 decline and risk of asthma or COPD We also examined whether ... analysis, and each analysis ran dummy standard, water control, and positive controls The F508del allele in the CFTR gene [1], S and Z alleles in the Serine Protease Inhibitor-A1 gene [42], and B, C, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... across the Russian Plain during the Briansk Interstadial with the southern limit of the range of a number of Arctic plants being 1200 km further south than today (and a further 600 km during OIS ... discussed in the next section in relation to the expansion and contraction of the Sahara Africa The shift towards increased cooling and aridity is detected in Africa after 2.8 Myr and the subsequent ... forest intrusions during warm and wet climate;

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... using the two words “D ” and “ ” These two words are used at the Arcording to Solomon, P [28], In his analysis of conversation in Information Seeking Context, also emphasizes the beginning and ... Maxim’s and Brown & Levinson’s theory ,there are in ways of speaking He stated that the most important point to Cooperative Principles and Politeness Principles [11], [2] consider in studying and ... requesting, inquiring and asking to start a telephone conversation advising, order, request…., Expressive structure with functions: complaining, apologising, complimenting and thanking,… Finally,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:22

... defined as the individual meaning that each word has in the system of language This meaning brings together the different forms of one and the same word, whereas the grammartical meaning ditinguishes ... amount of Chinese borrowed words Therefore, it is very rich in the stock of vocabulary in general and in the number of words expressing the death in particular Borowed words expressing the death ... based on the indirect meaning of the word, in other words, the authors make use of the change of meaning of words as a means to convey the meaning of death In English, popular verbs in this case...

Ngày tải lên: 27/12/2013, 14:16

... between the policy of interlingualizing the thesaurus, (that is, of assimilating semantics to syntax) and that of thesaurizing the syntax (that is, of including syntax within semantics) the linguists ... on the principles of an alphabetic dictionary, but of a thesaurus,4 to be inserted into the machine handling the target language Thus, if the target language were English, the main part of the ... separation of the particular from the comparative universal range of validity (in MT terminology, of monolingual from interlingual features), and by their separate handling in the program The basic...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... discounting, and brand marketing, in the context of the current regulatory and social environment Consumer marketing Consumer-product marketing efforts, including pricing, distribution, packaging, and ... both the tobacco industry and tobacco  Overview and Conclusions control attempt to influence the news and entertainment media; and (3) the role of regulation and public policy in influencing ... lose their lives to tobacco use,12,13 underscoring the urgency of examining the media’s role in global tobacco marketing At the same time, the media have an equally powerful role in influencing individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20

... 28 Towards inclusive financial development for achieving the MDGs in Asia and the Pacific 5.8 Financial innovation The growing use of branchless banking – via the use of the internet and mobile ... nutrition and health But how we define inclusive financial development? We this in the next section Towards inclusive financial development for achieving the MDGs in Asia and the Pacific Figure The inter-relationships ... resulting in women owning more assets, having a more active role in family decisions, and increasing investment in family welfare 20 Towards inclusive financial development for achieving the MDGs in Asia and the Pacific...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... in concerted funding efforts The National Cancer Institute proclaims the elimination of suffering and death from cancer by 2015, definitely an ambitious goal 4.2.1 Thermotherapy In general, thermotherapy ... four nucleotide bases in sizes ranging in the sub-nanometre scale, and the diameter of the doublehelix structure of DNA is in the nanometre range The same is true for proteins and cell membranes ... basic understanding of the origin of the unique properties of nanomaterials Therefore this report starts with a short section explaining the definitions and features of nanoscience and nanotechnology,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 14:35

... discriminated against The determining factor regarding the unfairness of the discrimination is its impact on the person discriminated against Relevant considerations in this regard include the position ... became the leading instrument within the UN system addressing the human rights of people with disabilities, including through the work of the Special Rapporteur The Standard Rules also helped inform ... Council: There has been a progressive improvement in the inclusion of disability in the national AIDS response, starting with minimal involvement at the beginning of 1992 by the National AIDS Coordinating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... given and the procedure is repeated - When the work has finished, the students open them and, in writing, join the fragments of information together to make it more interesting and logical - The ... purpose in the writing lesson is clear and they not overshadow what the 90 students feel objectives to be their main III SOME WRITING GAMES EMPLOYED IN THE WRITING LESSON In this paper, we will introduce ... each other, both in speech and writing Students are then writing for a real reader, not just for the critical eyes of the teacher Having a real reader will help them to see their writing from the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 19:15

... of EGEE is still in controversy from these studies In the present study, we evaluated the testicular toxicity induced by EGEE in the pubertal and adult rats by flow cytometric and histological ... with the control (Fig 1b) In pubertal rats, the administration of EGEE significantly increased the weight of epididymis in all EGEEtreated groups as compared with the control (Fig 2a) However, the ... cells were shown in Fig The treatment of EGEE up to the doses of 400 mg/kg in pubertal rats did not affect the relative population of these four cell types, indicating no effect on the 50 Chang Yong...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:23

... surprising as macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases, such as tobacco smoke exposure The lack of increase in neutrophils in the COPD subjects further ... from COPD Bronchoscopy Before bronchoscopy atropine was given subcutaneously Topical anaesthesia of the airways was obtained with lidocaine All subjects were examined in the supine position using ... temperature The remaining cells were then washed by adding PBS to the tubes and centrifuged at 4°C for 10 minutes, 300 g and repeated once Cells were thereafter fixed with 500 μl CellFIX™ (Becton Dickinson...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22