... information on the state ofthe latent HIV provirus in vivo, the notion remains to be examined LTR: longterminalrepeat Decipherment ofthe mechanisms for reactivation of latently infected HIV in the reservoir ... cells by the inverse PCR Identification ofthe flanking genomic sequence ofthe inteIdentification ofthe flanking genomic sequence ofthe integrated HIV provirus in ACH-2 cells by the inverse ... previously in studies ofthe HTLV-1 provirus [29] On the other hand, the response to TNF-α provides evidence of cytokine receptor signal-mediated demethylation ofthe provirus LTR The mechanism by...
... Therefore, the majority activity ofthe termination signals appear to fall within the 124 nt of U3C NFκB antibody illustrating more than 95% inhibition of expression of both p105 and p50 ofthe ... reduce the readthrough rate ofthe LV SIN LTR, three different RNA termination signals were tested: the polyadenylation signal of HTLV-1 (HTLVpA), which is located in U3 rather than R-U5 ofthe ... insertion of TRE reduced the readthrough rate by around 20%, regardless ofthe presence of rtTATS (Fig 5) In addition, induction of rtTATS binding to TRE did not influence the readthrough rate Therefore,...
... analysis ofthe ability of K13 to activate the HIV-1 LTR and analyzed the contribution ofthe canonical vs alternate NF-κB signaling pathways, various subunits ofthe IKK complex and the HIV-1 ... regulation of HIV-1 clade-specific B, C, and E longterminal repeats by NF-kappaB and the Tat transactivator Virology 2002, 296:77-83 Blauvelt A: The role of human herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of ... [25,34-36] Along the same lines, the transactivating function of Tat protein requires the presence of NF-κB sites in the HIV-1 LTR and Tat protein is known to cooperate with NF-κB to activate the HIV-1...
... binding ofthe polyadenylated rpsO RNA We have shown that the presence ofthe remainder ofthe acidic tail results in the thermodynamic stabilization of Hfq by 1.8 kcalÆmol)1 A comparison ofthe ... noted that the C -terminal domain of Hfq seems to be located at the same position as that ofthe Sm-like SmAP3 ofthe archaea P aerophilum [31] and, as in the case of SmAP3, the possibility of two ... protein Based on the analysis ofthe transition region, the conformational stability ofthe proteins can be calculated [29]: the free energy when Ó FEBS 2004 The role ofthe C -terminal domain...
... test whether the removal ofthe second half ofthe PolC N-terminus would help to improve the results further Therefore, we took only the fragment ofthe multiple sequence alignment covering the first ... for the E coli DnaE OB domain [12,16] The very N -terminal region of PolC and the C -terminal domain of DnaE appear to be specific for each type of polymerase The small a ⁄ b C -terminal domain of ... Interestingly, the first half ofthe PolC N -terminal region ( 1–100) also detected the PolIIIs-V domain, albeit weakly (hhsearch probability of 16%) The structures of PolIIIs-V and DnaA-I adopt a variant of...
... region ofthe 1H,15N-HSQC spectrum ofthe C -terminal domain of human eRF1 illustrating the presence of two conformational states ofthe protein Fig S2 Plot ofthe number and distribution ofthe ... between the HN of Thr358 and the Ha of His356 could be seen in both conformers (Fig 4; Fig S3) At the same time, the intensity ofthe NOE between the HN of Phe357 and the Ha of Lys354 in the open ... sizes ofthe relative populations and possibly the rate of conformer interconversion are sensitive to the environment ofthe domain For the great majority ofthe residues in the minidomain, the...
... importance of each ofthe negatively charged residues in the C -terminal extension in maintaining the solubility ofthe Hsp25 oligomer Similarly, the introduction of hydrophobicity into the C -terminal ... impaired when the polarity ofthe C -terminal extension is reduced [25], and introduction of hydrophobicity into the C -terminal extension of aA-crystallin results in immobilization ofthe C -terminal ... examined the role of residues in the C -terminal extensions of other sHsps, notably aA- and aB-crystallin, the flexible regions of these proteins are unique and distinct from that of Hsp25 The a-crystallins...
... [26] The formation of amorphous aggregates was independent ofthe presence or length ofthe poly l-alanine sequence In contrast, no amorphous aggregates were observed with the N -terminal domain of ... considerably shorter in the case ofthe variant with the poly l-alanine extension [26] In this work, we further compare these two N -terminal fragments Differences on the level of fibril formation kinetics ... domain of PABPN1 consisting of amino acids 1–125 ofthe wild-type protein (N-WT) Because the aim of this study was to investigate the effect on the fibrillation properties ofthe most extreme disease-associated...
... built from the X-ray structure ofthe C -terminal domain of Ure2p and integrates the finding that the N -terminal domain of Ure2p is flexible An enlargement ofthe region of Ure2p involved in the interaction ... conformational state of Ure2p as a result ofthe presence ofthe N -terminal domain ofthe protein that slightly differs from that adopted by its C -terminal moiety The only amino acid residue belonging to ... species, were observed in the presence of ATP No change in the mobility ofthe Ure2p–Ssa1p complexes was detected in the presence of ATP The stoichiometry of Ure2p and Ssa1p within the 120 and 160 kDa...
... Effect of mutations in the C -terminal region ofthe RmInt1 IEP on RNA splicing in vivo We constructed a series of mutants to identify the functional features ofthe C -terminal region ofthe RmInt1 ... DIVa ofthe intron, whereas other regions ofthe RT and domain X interact with conserved catalytic core regions [12] Domain X is located in the position corresponding to the ‘thumb’ and part ofthe ... residue at the N-terminus of a-helix a4, the domain X contains the conserved amino acid residues HKXRA (RmInt1 residues 388–392) carrying a stretch of basic amino acids Some ofthe residues ofthe HKXRA...
... representation ofthe binding ofthe N -terminal domain (ND) of PEX1 to the peroxisomal membrane PEX1 is predicted to interact with the PEX6 portion of AAA domains PEX1-ND binds to the peroxisomal ... domains Fig Sequence comparison ofthe N -terminal domain (ND) of PEX1 with that of other related proteins (A) Schematic representation ofthe domain architecture of AAA-ATPases PEX6, PEX1, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive ... in the presence of excess phytic acids, since phytic acid is not a perfect mimic ofthe headgroup of PtdIns4P Although PEX1-ND is recruited to the liposomes in the presence of a large excess of...
... These results are in favor ofthe above suggestion that the N -terminal region of myosin II is very important for structural stabilization ofthe entire motor domain ofthe myosin head The N -terminal ... result ofthe present work is that the N -terminal cleavage ofthe S1 heavy chain completely prevents the changes in the thermal unfolding of S1, i.e a significant increase in the protein thermal ... that of uncleaved S1 [29] In the present study, we applied the DSC approaches described above to examine the effects of N -terminal tryptic cleavage on the thermal unfolding of S1 The main goal of...
... WITH THE BIG DOGS and then the spirit ofthe people ofthe land took over Before long, and for decades then to come, anybody staying downtown the night before the Texas-OU game would drift off ... figured that the Longhorns were heading to Pasadena for the Rose Bowl, the granddaddy of them all, as it was regarded in those times Then a funny thing happened to the Longhorns on the way to the Rose ... his way from the fifty-yard line all the way down to the thirty-five, while the people screamed They didn’t generate the noise ofthe 1948 Oklahoma crowd, though, when they beat the Longhorns,...
... expectations of each variable ofthe model The second stage is to include these endpoints in the autoregressive model for forecasting The use of these endpoints serves to anchor thelong term forecast of ... movements in the perception of monetary policy by the public However, this demonstration is based only on the study ofthe stochastic process of in‡ ation and on the hypothesis that, in thelong run, ... speci…cations for the long- term perception ofthe monetary authorities’in‡ ation target to explain, with the Fisher relationship, the presence of shifts in the long- term perception ofthe short-term...
... re-deposited under the same accession number Fig 1H–15N HSQC spectrum ofthe C -terminal domain of EW29 in the sugar-free state A 600 MHz 2D 1H–15N HSQC spectrum ofthe 0.9 mM C -terminal domain of EW29 at ... ofthe chemical shift titration data to the binding isotherm [27] A plot ofthe weighted average chemical-shift changes of 1H and 15N resonances for the cross-peaks of Gly122, as a function of ... subdomain c of EW29Ch was not observed; (b) the B-factor ofthe side chain of Lys105 was high, indicating that the side chain of Lys105 is flexible; (c) in this NMR study, the Kd ofthe c sugar-binding...
... improving the solubility ofthe domain In the case ofthe AMPP protein, the boundary ofthe domain would have been better determined from an inspection ofthe structure rather than by the experimental ... ZnCl2 inhibits the activity of AMPP [1] Here, the presence of ZnCl2 in the dialysis buffer led to the precipitation of each ofthe three proteins Neither the intact protein nor the FEBS Journal ... tend to repel one another, thus destabilizing the protein For the native protein, the presence ofthe N -terminal domain and the oligomeric structure of C -terminal domain of E coli aminopeptidase...
... testing the hypothesis that the N -terminal regions of TTR affect the affinities of TTR for thyroid hormones A previous study revealed that altering the structure ofthe N -terminal region influenced the ... region of crocTTR was deleted The affinity of T3 and T4 to both TTRs was studied and the results are a powerful demonstration ofthe relationship between the evolution ofthe primary structure ofthe ... the N -terminal regions of TTR and the biological function of TTR 4014 Results Synthesis of recombinant human TTR In the crocodile, TTR is only synthesized in the liver during development in the...
... also need to mention the mobility ofthe IIo forms ofthe different substrates The IIo form ofthe N -terminal 1–15 repeats was only slightly retarded relative to the position ofthe unphosphorylated ... differences in the extent of retardation ofthe IIo band in SDS/PAGE between the C -terminal and the N -terminal parts ofthe CTD (Figs 3A, 4A and 5) The first 15 CTD repeats only slightly change their mobility ... model depicting the possible action ofthe three kinases on the C -terminal domain (CTD) The amino acid sequence ofthe mouse CTD is shown at the bottom In the diagram, the heptad repeats, with...
... concerted DNA integration They show a strong structural role ofthe most C -terminal part of this C -terminal domain in the general folding ofthe enzyme They reinforce the role ofthe IN dimers, as a ... remove these contacts at the interface ofthe dimer However, the mutation decreases the number of intramolecular contacts within both monomers Y246 is located at the beginning of strand b3¢ The ... 3¢ end ofthe viral DNA In the second step (strand transfer), the hydroxyl groups at the 3¢ ends ofthe processed viral DNA attack a pair of phosphodiester bonds in the target DNA In the last...
... during the purification process Therefore small amounts ofthe DN-D4 and DC-D4 fragments were recovered N -terminal sequence analysis ofthe T2¢ and D4 fragments revealed that they have the expected ... investigate the state ofthe toxin fragments during membrane binding, we analyzed the susceptibilities ofthe T2¢ and D4 fragments to protease in the presence and absence of membranes (Fig 3) In the ... h-toxin C -terminal peptide In the lower panel the 3D structures of T2¢ and D4 are shown in black against a gray background ofthe whole h-toxin structure The arrow indicates the position of cleavage...