the laboratory rat in behavioral research

... NLRP3 (NOD-, LRRand pyrin domain-containing 3) and the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN200 domain-containing) family protein AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) are two PRRs that survilliance intracelluar DAMPs NLRP3 ... ligands results in the upregulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MAPK signalling pathways, thereby producing inflammatory cytokines (Hofmann ... N-terminal effector domain (pyrin domain, caspase-recruitment domain or BIR domain) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) Among the NLRs identified so far, the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 15:20

... advances in brain imaging or non-invasive measures of brain injury or inflammation embedded in longitudinal studies with high follow-up rates; in our opinion, that is where medical PTSD research ... or creating an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain circuits These changes may be durable and could lead to some of the cardinal symptoms of PTSD Examining these processes in critically ... predict that the most fruitful areas of medical PTSD research lie? We predict that they are in the brain [12] Exciting advances in neuroscience are linking fundamental psychological processes of likely...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine ... outcome of the forecast, • Gathering and analyzing the data using a variety of methodologies, and • Interpreting the results and assembling the forecast from the available information Framing the problem ... quality of the individuals it brings together and its effectiveness in integrating their combined judgment The endurance and continuing refinement of Techcast suggests it is becoming more useful...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 19:20

... commensurate with other programs in the engineering directorate Finding The committee sees tremendous opportunities for advancing geoengineering through interaction with other disciplines, especially ... Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine ... engineering, geological engineering, hydrological engineering, and Earth-related parts of petroleum engineering and mining engineering The rapid expansion of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 19:20

... showing the salinity of water and the relative concentrations (in equivalent units) of major cations and anions from the main brine pit and Geoprobe wells located to the southeast of this pit; the ... gases were obtained from most of the other wells located on the salt scarred, but ‘remediated’ area below the brine pit All the wells located in the salt-scarred area below the brine pit, especially ... Solutions in Exploration, Production and Refining, Albuquerque, NM: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC) and the University of 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tulsa, Continuing Engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... by the growers who sell them, fresh fruits gardening In the 1960 s and 1970 s one effect of a 13 The Organic Products in the Green Marketing Laboratory The organic nature of a product is the ... of their final sale, the seed and storage crops (grains, the best these requirements, since they give the best beans, nuts, potatoes etc.) should be produced within opportunities for obtaining ... harmonization between the requirements of the market these solutions is finding the alternatives which are not and the ability to produce it In order to estimate the affecting the individual and collective...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... Enabling Technologies Part III: Investing in Biomarker Research 91 Chapter Business Model 99 Chapter Evaluating Biomarker Progress in Translational Research 104 Chapter 10 Investing in Biomarker Research ... ligand or binding protein for GalectinA was pursued at the Great Lakes New England Clinical Epidemiology and Validation Center, which identified the binding protein in circulating blood Galectin-3 ... Medicine Overview 17 Early Challenges Establishing and sustaining collaborations while ensuring a smooth flow of discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic were clearly key challenges to the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... localizing ADH in the rat brain [40] The antibody used in this study was raised against isolated rat liver ADH, without any further characterization concerning the class specificity As rat liver ... involvement of ADH1 and ADH4 in ethanol oxidation in brain tissue Regarding retinoid metabolism in the adult brain, enzymes other than ADH4 must be active, because in vivo and in vitro data indicate ... adult brain tissue, in particularly the striatum, can oxidize retinol to retinal, providing the first step on the way to retinoic acid [31] The brain must thus rely on the activity of other enzymes,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... products The basic idea behind the reversed food chain thinking is the analysis of the interaction between the consumer and each individual phase of the food chain Recent developments in the food ... to the pattern of the “Reversed Food Chain Thinking” (Fig.4) Three thematic clusters Taking the European research strategy and the overall situation in the European food sector into consideration, ... processing - generating and maintaining health-promoting quality Reverse thinking of the food chain - from the plate to the farm – also impacts on applied technologies in food processing Different...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine ... competition is increasing and the U.S lead will shrink The United States is particularly strong in areas at the interface with other disciplines In these areas, which include bioengineering, design, ... its charge, the panel had to limit the scope of the exercise to assessing the state of mechanical engineering basic research as determined by the open research literature, the opinions of its...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... available Coding and Code Compression In large measure the coding problems arising in MT and in library work are the same as those occurring in other branches of communication engineering The need ... language is the indeterminacy which arises from the mapping of a continuous territory onto a chart with a finite resolving power; it is not the result of an intrinsically indeterminate use of ... urgently in MT, because of the great bulk of the material to be stored, but the mathematical problems it presents are the same as in other fields, except where, as in the use of thesaurus methods, the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... role in achieving this Since the majority of Asian countries are adopting existing technology rather than creating new technology, one of the central tasks in developing urban transport is finding ... Generally speaking, in Asian developing countries, there had been more focuses on the measures in the I and F categories probably because the introduction and implementation can be done in rather short ... undertaking (BEST) and Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) were the executing agencies of the project The project concentrated mainly on improving the bus transport system in Mumbai operated...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... likewise, on the contrary, the disadvantages and dangers which there are in having it Doing the same in the second part, that is, looking at the advantages and utilities there are in not having it, ... role in the DA process correctly, i.e., in laying the foundations for convictions, communicating concerning the latter, debating and orienting the process towards the decision, and in contributing ... and/or the various actors involved in the decision making process According to the case, DA can thus reasonably contribute to: analyzing the decision making context by identifying the actors, the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 09:58

... much more In 12 out of the 14 games, the L1 action coincides with the maximin action Given this, it seems there is little incentive for subjects to engage in much strategic thinking so they simply ... games) The corresponding ratio in CGW’s games is 0.72 30 The issue of how naive play depends on the cost of being naive and on the costliness of strategic thinking seems like a promising topic ... test the hypothesis whether the proportion of naive types is the same in different pairs of treatments as well as the hypothesis whether the proportion of risk neutral types is the same in different...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:07

... pathways in Melanoma, Biomarkers, Clinical Trials and New Molecules and Strategies Introduction Before reporting the interesting data that emerged from the debate [1,2] there is merit in mentioning ... patients since the very beginning of the disease (stage IIB and C) and can be detected as infiltrating components of primary lesions, suggesting a potential involvement of these cells in melanoma ... could be explained by the presence of polyclonality in the primary tumor, similar to the recent finding for melanocytic nevi and in line with the recent stem cells progression model Therefore, different...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Development, in Special Report: The Crisis in Clinical Research Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by the AFMR April 14, 2009 in Washington, DC The American Federation for Medical Research; ... believe that companies and other institutions involved in translational drug research need to foster the discipline of translational medicine, maintain a knowledge base of their work and, when it ... Marincola: Create a translational medicine knowledge repository - Research downsizing, mergers and increased outsourcing have reduced the depth of in- house translational medicine expertise and institutional...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... show more or less the same results on repeated administrations." p 1188 [3] In the HRQOL literature, this is commonly referred to as test-retest reliability Yet in none of the Hankins examples is ... References Hankins M: How discriminating are discriminative instruments? Health and quality of life outcomes 2008, 6(1):36 Kirshner B, Guyatt G: A methodological framework for assessing health indices ... second property of a discriminative instrument is a cross sectional relationship with a theoretical criterion or prediction, and again, in none of the examples offered by Hankins we see this very important...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... points Delta then indexes the degree to which the instrument makes valid discriminations Wyrwich suggests that the results of another study [6], in which the dichotomous scoring method of the ... 'Understanding the Role of Discriminative Instruments in HRQoL Research: Can Ferguson's Delta Help?' to which the answer is a definitive yes, subject to the constraints previously discussed Finally, ... persons that classify them as either the same or different Therefore, if a researcher doubts that an instrument can be trusted to make this most basic distinction, then the instrument should not...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20