... G-tracts of one strand and only the 3¢-end G-tract ofthe other strand [30] (Fig 3D) The core of this structure, called the (3 + 1) core, has three strands oriented in one direction and one strand ... the stacking interface is formed between the 3¢-end of each block; and (c) 5¢-to-3¢, in which the stacking interface is formed between the 5¢-end of one block andthe 3¢-end ofthe other In the ... DNA A Long human telomeric DNAand RNA sequences The next step toward understanding the structure ofthe ‘real’ telomeres is to address the question on the structure of long human telomeric DNA...
... is strictly the Tus-Ter interaction andthe partial melting oftheDNA catalyzed by DnaB andthe flipping of C6 that causes strong affinity of Tus for Ter The helicase approaching the permissive ... The translocation of DnaB on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) requires ATP hydrolysis We constructed theDNA substrate shown in Fig The DnaB helicase enters the substrate from the left by riding the ... and spatially DnaB translocation from DNA unwinding A 5’ tailed DNA with otherwise a blunt end on the complementary strand enters the substrate and then slides over the dsDNA until it meets the...
... is strictly the Tus-Ter interaction andthe partial melting oftheDNA catalyzed by DnaB andthe flipping of C6 that causes strong affinity of Tus for Ter The helicase approaching the permissive ... The translocation of DnaB on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) requires ATP hydrolysis We constructed theDNA substrate shown in Fig The DnaB helicase enters the substrate from the left by riding the ... and spatially DnaB translocation from DNA unwinding A 5’ tailed DNA with otherwise a blunt end on the complementary strand enters the substrate and then slides over the dsDNA until it meets the...
... by the detergent, we monitored accumulation ofthe toxin at the interface of water and chloroform The ratio ofthe aqueous phase concentration ofthe HlyA following partitioning with chloroform, ... resistance ofthe toxin to proteolytic degradation by trypsin and chymotrypsin (Fig 4) Furthermore, the identity in shape ofthe spectra ofthe HlyA monomer andthe oligomer (Fig 3A) andthe similarity ... interaction ofthe HlyA with lipid vesicles [8] and might resolve the controversy in the identity and role ofthe erythrocyte surface receptor in initiating the action ofthe toxin [10,30] The preceding...
... most ofthe experimental work and contributed to the analysis of data andthe writing ofthe manuscript MCP and MR contributed to the experiments MCA and UH participated in the design ofthe study ... activity In the case of HIV-1, the extinction of TRIMCyp expression prevents the IFN-induced enhancement of viral restriction, confirming the fact that TRIMCyp is the main mediator ofthe IFN-induced ... further address the question ofthe involvement of TRIMCyp in the IFN-induced anti-retroviral activities, we examined the effect of IFN-β stimulation on retroviral transduction in the presence of...
... observed in the whole structure As well as other polymerases from that family, this polymerase showed the three standard domains ofthe group: Palm, Fingers, and Thumb The active site oftheDNA polymerase ... structure oftheDNA ciosa mitochondrial plasmid polymerase from the M perniThe 3D The 3D structure oftheDNA polymerase from the M perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid Magenta: helices; yellow: strands; ... Asp537 and Asp812 (Palm), and Tyr639 and Lys631 (Fingers) ofthe template The presence of these residues (Asp, Tyr, and Lys) in this region is a sign in this group of polymerases that they are...
... Journal ofthe Institute of Brewing, 1966, 52, 184 17 Trcvelyan, W E., Journal ofthe Science of Food and Agricui~ lure, 1975, 26, 1673 18 Trevelyan, W E., Journal ofthe Science of Food and Agricullure, ... published data for yeast DNA. 10 Theoretically, a doublestranded DNAof this base composition should contain mole purine in 618 g; hence the percentage by weight ofDNA in the samples of yeast examined ... because the molecules arc too large to pass through the pores ofthe cell wall.4-10 Extraction ofthe nucleotidc pool by water at 80°C before the alkali treatment did not affect theDNA content...
... emphasis on the induction ofDNA fragmentation, which is one ofthe most typical characteristics of apoptosis Regulators ofDNA fragmentation One ofthe terminal processes of apoptosis is DNA degradation ... They induce the permeabilization ofthe mitochondrial membrane with the release of cytochrome c andthe formation ofthe apoptosome [38] The major pro-apoptotic protein Bax exists mainly in the ... signal on and off Caspase activation is under the direct control of kinases and phosphatases, andthe indirect control of phosphorylation through the regulation of other apoptotic proteins Furthermore,...
... this is the rst demonstration of FdGOGAT mRNAs in the cytoplasm on the periphery of chloroplasts andofthe enzyme protein in the chloroplasts ofthe two cell types This spatial distribution of Fd-GOGAT ... plants standard error as follows: 25.48 1.58 (light) and 21.90 1.93 (dark) The standard errors for the individual amino acid contents are ofthe same order of magnitude as those ofthe total ... ASN and Arabidopsis ASN2 and ASN3 [19] The level of ASN mRNAs was higher in the dark and decreased to about 70% in the middle ofthe light phase (Fig 2) FEBS Journal 275 (2008) 31933206 ê 2008 The...
... synthetase CoaB (Eur J Biochem 271) 169 Fig Analysis ofthe enzymatic activity of His-CoaB R206Q and A276V The synthesis of 4¢-phosphopantothenoyl-CMP (–cysteine, upper part ofthe figure) andof ... 4¢-phosphopantothenic acid, CTP and cysteine The synthesis of PPC occurs in two half reactions starting with the formation of 4¢-phosphopantothenoyl-CMP (activation ofthe carboxyl group of 4¢-phosphopantothenate) ... monomers with the monomer fold having features in common with a group of NAD-dependent enzymes on one hand and with the ribokinase fold on the other hand The structure ofthe human PPC synthetase complexed...
... is the maximum response of RuvA binding, Rjunc is the response ofthe binding ofthe biotinylated Holliday junction, Mr RuvA is the molecular mass of RuvA and Mr junc is the molecular mass ofthe ... RuvA Analysis ofthe data was performed using the BIAevaluation software supplied with the BIAcore To remove the effects ofthe bulk refractive index change at the beginning and end ofthe injections ... analysis ofthe RuvAC–Holliday junction ternary complex To further examine the hypothesis that a tetramer of RuvA can bind to each face of a Holliday junction, the effect ofthe addition of RuvC to the...
... Nonetheless, the fast response ofthe cells to LPS argues in favor of a post-translational/allosterical activation ofthe (2–5)A synthetase The effect of LPS on the steady-state level ofthe ... posttranslational/allosteric activation ofthe enzyme resulting in the formation ofthe p3An products and a second, that increases the steady-state level ofthe transcripts ofthe corresponding (2–5)A synthetase gene In ... extracted and then probed with the SD25A-1 cDNA in the Northern blotting experiment The results show that in the absence ofthe heat-killed bacteria no transcripts, corresponding to 1.4 kb (2–5)A synthetase...
... test whether the removal ofthe second half ofthe PolC N-terminus would help to improve the results further Therefore, we took only the fragment ofthe multiple sequence alignment covering the first ... for the E coli DnaE OB domain [12,16] The very N-terminal region of PolC andthe C-terminal domain of DnaE appear to be specific for each type of polymerase The small a ⁄ b C-terminal domain of DnaE ... domain andthe additional N- and C-terminal regions in PolC and DnaE, respectively The PolC proofreading 3¢–5¢ exonuclease domain is inserted into the PHP domain and is an integral part ofthe polypeptide...
... Consequently, the molecular studies ofthe interaction of SAgs with their specifics ligands will not only advance understanding ofthe physiological mechanisms of these molecules, but may lead to the development ... species; reduction and alkylation, and mutation ofthe Cys implicated in the intermolecular disulfide bridge Analysis ofthe three-dimensional structure of SSA [31] to determine which ofthe remaining ... treatment of several pathologies and because ofthe potential use ofthe toxins as biological weapons Alteration of their MHC and TCR binding capacity by site directed mutagenesis could be useful in the...
... comparison ofthe effects of rough and smooth LPSs of E coli, both in the presence and absence of EDTA (Fig 1) The rate of oxidation was increased in the presence ofthe LPSs of both the smooth and rough ... measure ofthe rate of oxidation of oxyHb RESULTS The effect of pH on the auto-oxidation of cross-linked Hb was studied The rate of decrease ofthe concentration of oxyHb increased as the pH was ... effects ofthe LPSs of rough and smooth E coli on the oxidation of Hb A0, both in the presence and absence of EDTA, is provided in Fig The rate of oxidation was increased in the presence ofthe LPSs...
... on the SH groups ofthe substrate andthe catalytic Cys89, which is conserved throughout the thiolase superfamily The results obtained indicate that the sulfur atoms of both the enzyme andthe ... ¨ The catalytic cavity lies at the bottom ofthe pantetheine-binding tunnel The terminal oxygen of OPP is ˚ 5.2, 7.4, 6.2 and 7.6 A away from the sulfur atoms of Cys89, Met288, and Cys378 and ... analysis ofthe exact binding mode has not been performed, but the mode of binding ofthe acetyl moiety is clearly different from the mode of binding ofthe acetyl moiety of Ac-CoA Apparently, the...
... spectral shift ofthe Pr and Pfr forms Therefore, the BLD may play a role in stabilization and co-ordination ofthe chromophore and possibly its covalent attachment to Cys12 (i.e the bilin lyase ... therefore the site and kind of attachment ofthe bilin chromophore in thebacterial phytochromes is controversial [1,21,22] To investigate whether the chromophore is attached via a thioether linkage ... this may also be due to the amount of Pr present in the Pfr-enriched form The observed Pfr ground state is the opposite of that used by almost all other known members ofthe classic phytochrome...
... group ofthe ligand andthe NH2 of Asn470 (equivalent to Asn710 in DPP-IV) Another potential bond can be proposed between the OH atom of Tyr380 andthe carbonyl group ofthe ligand Finally, the ... comparison ofthe active and specificity sites ofthe two X-PDAP enzymes, thebacterial PepX (green) andthe human DPP-IV (orange) (B) Superposition ofthe active and specificity sites ofthe S9 enzymes ... lactis The results are presented in Table and Fig 4A For the cluster of lowest energy, both the position andthe conformation ofthe ligand are close to those observed in the 3D structure of the...
... Eqns (19) and (20), respectively m Thermodynamics ofthe binding of ADM and (1,10-phenanthroline)-copper to DNA Fig A comparison ofthe UV and visible spectrum of BLM-A5 after the cleavage of calf ... curves The molar ratio, r, ofDNA to L is defined as r ¼ nDNA;0 =nL;0 ¼ DNA 0 =½L0 ð17Þ where nDNA,0 and nL,0 are the initial amounts ofDNAand L, respectively Substituting Eqns (15) and (17) ... binds to DNAandDNA L the complex between DNAand L The intrinsic binding constant, KB, is defined by the equation [24,28,29]: KB ¼ y ð1 À yÞð DNA 0 À ny½L0 Þ ð14Þ Here, [DNA] 0 and [L]0 are the initial...
... all the organs ofthe animal andthe bacterium The fact that the first three enzymes are present only in the trophosome raised the question of whether these enzymes belong to the bacterium Therefore, ... via the biosynthetic pyrimidine and arginine pathways (Fig 3) The first step ofthe pyrimidine and arginine metabolic pathways involves the uptake and utilization ofthe inorganic compounds NH3 and ... involved in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen Distribution ofthe enzymes ofthe arginine biosynthetic pathway in the different parts of Riftia pachyptila Concerning the arginine biosynthetic...