the implication of dna and the bacterial analogy

... G-tracts of one strand and only the 3¢-end G-tract of the other strand [30] (Fig 3D) The core of this structure, called the (3 + 1) core, has three strands oriented in one direction and one strand ... the stacking interface is formed between the 3¢-end of each block; and (c) 5¢-to-3¢, in which the stacking interface is formed between the 5¢-end of one block and the 3¢-end of the other In the ... DNA A Long human telomeric DNA and RNA sequences The next step toward understanding the structure of the ‘real’ telomeres is to address the question on the structure of long human telomeric DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... is strictly the Tus-Ter interaction and the partial melting of the DNA catalyzed by DnaB and the flipping of C6 that causes strong affinity of Tus for Ter The helicase approaching the permissive ... The translocation of DnaB on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) requires ATP hydrolysis We constructed the DNA substrate shown in Fig The DnaB helicase enters the substrate from the left by riding the ... and spatially DnaB translocation from DNA unwinding A 5’ tailed DNA with otherwise a blunt end on the complementary strand enters the substrate and then slides over the dsDNA until it meets the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... is strictly the Tus-Ter interaction and the partial melting of the DNA catalyzed by DnaB and the flipping of C6 that causes strong affinity of Tus for Ter The helicase approaching the permissive ... The translocation of DnaB on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) requires ATP hydrolysis We constructed the DNA substrate shown in Fig The DnaB helicase enters the substrate from the left by riding the ... and spatially DnaB translocation from DNA unwinding A 5’ tailed DNA with otherwise a blunt end on the complementary strand enters the substrate and then slides over the dsDNA until it meets the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 21:20

... by the detergent, we monitored accumulation of the toxin at the interface of water and chloroform The ratio of the aqueous phase concentration of the HlyA following partitioning with chloroform, ... resistance of the toxin to proteolytic degradation by trypsin and chymotrypsin (Fig 4) Furthermore, the identity in shape of the spectra of the HlyA monomer and the oligomer (Fig 3A) and the similarity ... interaction of the HlyA with lipid vesicles [8] and might resolve the controversy in the identity and role of the erythrocyte surface receptor in initiating the action of the toxin [10,30] The preceding...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... most of the experimental work and contributed to the analysis of data and the writing of the manuscript MCP and MR contributed to the experiments MCA and UH participated in the design of the study ... activity In the case of HIV-1, the extinction of TRIMCyp expression prevents the IFN-induced enhancement of viral restriction, confirming the fact that TRIMCyp is the main mediator of the IFN-induced ... further address the question of the involvement of TRIMCyp in the IFN-induced anti-retroviral activities, we examined the effect of IFN-β stimulation on retroviral transduction in the presence of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... observed in the whole structure As well as other polymerases from that family, this polymerase showed the three standard domains of the group: Palm, Fingers, and Thumb The active site of the DNA polymerase ... structure of the DNA ciosa mitochondrial plasmid polymerase from the M perniThe 3D The 3D structure of the DNA polymerase from the M perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid Magenta: helices; yellow: strands; ... Asp537 and Asp812 (Palm), and Tyr639 and Lys631 (Fingers) of the template The presence of these residues (Asp, Tyr, and Lys) in this region is a sign in this group of polymerases that they are...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 1966, 52, 184 17 Trcvelyan, W E., Journal of the Science of Food and Agricui~ lure, 1975, 26, 1673 18 Trevelyan, W E., Journal of the Science of Food and Agricullure, ... published data for yeast DNA. 10 Theoretically, a doublestranded DNA of this base composition should contain mole purine in 618 g; hence the percentage by weight of DNA in the samples of yeast examined ... because the molecules arc too large to pass through the pores of the cell wall.4-10 Extraction of the nucleotidc pool by water at 80°C before the alkali treatment did not affect the DNA content...

Ngày tải lên: 14/07/2015, 09:44

... emphasis on the induction of DNA fragmentation, which is one of the most typical characteristics of apoptosis Regulators of DNA fragmentation One of the terminal processes of apoptosis is DNA degradation ... They induce the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane with the release of cytochrome c and the formation of the apoptosome [38] The major pro-apoptotic protein Bax exists mainly in the ... signal on and off Caspase activation is under the direct control of kinases and phosphatases, and the indirect control of phosphorylation through the regulation of other apoptotic proteins Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... this is the rst demonstration of FdGOGAT mRNAs in the cytoplasm on the periphery of chloroplasts and of the enzyme protein in the chloroplasts of the two cell types This spatial distribution of Fd-GOGAT ... plants standard error as follows: 25.48 1.58 (light) and 21.90 1.93 (dark) The standard errors for the individual amino acid contents are of the same order of magnitude as those of the total ... ASN and Arabidopsis ASN2 and ASN3 [19] The level of ASN mRNAs was higher in the dark and decreased to about 70% in the middle of the light phase (Fig 2) FEBS Journal 275 (2008) 31933206 ê 2008 The...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... synthetase CoaB (Eur J Biochem 271) 169 Fig Analysis of the enzymatic activity of His-CoaB R206Q and A276V The synthesis of 4¢-phosphopantothenoyl-CMP (–cysteine, upper part of the figure) and of ... 4¢-phosphopantothenic acid, CTP and cysteine The synthesis of PPC occurs in two half reactions starting with the formation of 4¢-phosphopantothenoyl-CMP (activation of the carboxyl group of 4¢-phosphopantothenate) ... monomers with the monomer fold having features in common with a group of NAD-dependent enzymes on one hand and with the ribokinase fold on the other hand The structure of the human PPC synthetase complexed...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... is the maximum response of RuvA binding, Rjunc is the response of the binding of the biotinylated Holliday junction, Mr RuvA is the molecular mass of RuvA and Mr junc is the molecular mass of the ... RuvA Analysis of the data was performed using the BIAevaluation software supplied with the BIAcore To remove the effects of the bulk refractive index change at the beginning and end of the injections ... analysis of the RuvAC–Holliday junction ternary complex To further examine the hypothesis that a tetramer of RuvA can bind to each face of a Holliday junction, the effect of the addition of RuvC to the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... Nonetheless, the fast response of the cells to LPS argues in favor of a post-translational/allosterical activation of the (2–5)A synthetase The effect of LPS on the steady-state level of the ... posttranslational/allosteric activation of the enzyme resulting in the formation of the p3An products and a second, that increases the steady-state level of the transcripts of the corresponding (2–5)A synthetase gene In ... extracted and then probed with the SD25A-1 cDNA in the Northern blotting experiment The results show that in the absence of the heat-killed bacteria no transcripts, corresponding to 1.4 kb (2–5)A synthetase...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... test whether the removal of the second half of the PolC N-terminus would help to improve the results further Therefore, we took only the fragment of the multiple sequence alignment covering the first ... for the E coli DnaE OB domain [12,16] The very N-terminal region of PolC and the C-terminal domain of DnaE appear to be specific for each type of polymerase The small a ⁄ b C-terminal domain of DnaE ... domain and the additional N- and C-terminal regions in PolC and DnaE, respectively The PolC proofreading 3¢–5¢ exonuclease domain is inserted into the PHP domain and is an integral part of the polypeptide...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... Consequently, the molecular studies of the interaction of SAgs with their specifics ligands will not only advance understanding of the physiological mechanisms of these molecules, but may lead to the development ... species; reduction and alkylation, and mutation of the Cys implicated in the intermolecular disulfide bridge Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of SSA [31] to determine which of the remaining ... treatment of several pathologies and because of the potential use of the toxins as biological weapons Alteration of their MHC and TCR binding capacity by site directed mutagenesis could be useful in the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... comparison of the effects of rough and smooth LPSs of E coli, both in the presence and absence of EDTA (Fig 1) The rate of oxidation was increased in the presence of the LPSs of both the smooth and rough ... measure of the rate of oxidation of oxyHb RESULTS The effect of pH on the auto-oxidation of cross-linked Hb was studied The rate of decrease of the concentration of oxyHb increased as the pH was ... effects of the LPSs of rough and smooth E coli on the oxidation of Hb A0, both in the presence and absence of EDTA, is provided in Fig The rate of oxidation was increased in the presence of the LPSs...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... on the SH groups of the substrate and the catalytic Cys89, which is conserved throughout the thiolase superfamily The results obtained indicate that the sulfur atoms of both the enzyme and the ... ¨ The catalytic cavity lies at the bottom of the pantetheine-binding tunnel The terminal oxygen of OPP is ˚ 5.2, 7.4, 6.2 and 7.6 A away from the sulfur atoms of Cys89, Met288, and Cys378 and ... analysis of the exact binding mode has not been performed, but the mode of binding of the acetyl moiety is clearly different from the mode of binding of the acetyl moiety of Ac-CoA Apparently, the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... spectral shift of the Pr and Pfr forms Therefore, the BLD may play a role in stabilization and co-ordination of the chromophore and possibly its covalent attachment to Cys12 (i.e the bilin lyase ... therefore the site and kind of attachment of the bilin chromophore in the bacterial phytochromes is controversial [1,21,22] To investigate whether the chromophore is attached via a thioether linkage ... this may also be due to the amount of Pr present in the Pfr-enriched form The observed Pfr ground state is the opposite of that used by almost all other known members of the classic phytochrome...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... group of the ligand and the NH2 of Asn470 (equivalent to Asn710 in DPP-IV) Another potential bond can be proposed between the OH atom of Tyr380 and the carbonyl group of the ligand Finally, the ... comparison of the active and specificity sites of the two X-PDAP enzymes, the bacterial PepX (green) and the human DPP-IV (orange) (B) Superposition of the active and specificity sites of the S9 enzymes ... lactis The results are presented in Table and Fig 4A For the cluster of lowest energy, both the position and the conformation of the ligand are close to those observed in the 3D structure of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Eqns (19) and (20), respectively m Thermodynamics of the binding of ADM and (1,10-phenanthroline)-copper to DNA Fig A comparison of the UV and visible spectrum of BLM-A5 after the cleavage of calf ... curves The molar ratio, r, of DNA to L is defined as r ¼ nDNA;0 =nL;0 ¼ DNA 0 =½LŠ0 ð17Þ where nDNA,0 and nL,0 are the initial amounts of DNA and L, respectively Substituting Eqns (15) and (17) ... binds to DNA and DNA L the complex between DNA and L The intrinsic binding constant, KB, is defined by the equation [24,28,29]: KB ¼ y ð1 À yÞð DNA 0 À ny½LŠ0 Þ ð14Þ Here, [DNA] 0 and [L]0 are the initial...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... all the organs of the animal and the bacterium The fact that the first three enzymes are present only in the trophosome raised the question of whether these enzymes belong to the bacterium Therefore, ... via the biosynthetic pyrimidine and arginine pathways (Fig 3) The first step of the pyrimidine and arginine metabolic pathways involves the uptake and utilization of the inorganic compounds NH3 and ... involved in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen Distribution of the enzymes of the arginine biosynthetic pathway in the different parts of Riftia pachyptila Concerning the arginine biosynthetic...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20