the impact of inflation and economic growth on unemployment

... Asia and the Pacific, the roles of growth and social development and of infrastructure in poverty reduction, the impact of the PRS on country-level operations and ... enhance the productivity and the welfare of the poor Transport and energy investments impact upon the income and nonincome dimensions of poverty The case studies strongly ... infrastructure contributes to poverty reduction, and why these contributions are important One new aspect that emerges is that, in addition to their impacts on income dimensions of poverty,

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

... addition to their impacts on income dimensions of poverty, transport and energy have significant impacts on nonincome dimensions such as health, education, personal security, and ... support other programs designed to enhance the productivity and the welfare of the poor Transport and energy investments impact upon the income and nonincome dimensions of ... telecommunications—favoring the partici- pation of the poor in infrastructure- induced economic growth, as well as the barriers to their participation Negative side effects of transport on the

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... of data and pub- lished literature on poverty in Asia and the Pacific, the roles of growth and social development and of infrastruc- ture in poverty reduction, the impact of the PRS on coun- ... and Energy Only a relatively few studies have looked at the composite effects of. .. to the poor One solution has been to allow the option of paying for the connection and other ... reduction in four sec- torsenergy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication (Brenneman and Kerf 2002). The report concludes that the impacts are similar in all regions,

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... implementation. The reports gave limited information on how the poverty reduction objec- tive of these projects would be addressed in the definition, collection, and analysis of the data. Proposed monitoring ... in the project area and promote economic growth. Inadequate transport infrastructure has constrained the production of existing coal mines and the development of other natural resources. The ... likely impacts in three interacting areas in the rural economy:  the production and service sectors,  the institutional and social service sectors, and  the household sector. In the production and

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... change,  the impacts of changes in service provision,  the impacts of transport modes other than roads,  the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and  the impacts of transport and ... disaggregating impacts by gender. 38 Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Environment The construction and operation of infrastructure projects often involves ... perishability of crops. To take a more qualitative example, the effect of improved access on personal security of the poor depends on the attitudes and behavior of the police, social and cultural controls

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... extend the length of the rail network to 75,000 km by 2005;  accelerate the construction of the national trunk highway network;  support construction of eight highways in the western regions; and ... of their income than those of the nonpoor: the poor spend, on average, 18% of their (cash) income on transport and 25% on energy, while the nonpoor spend less than 8% on ... government agencies. They consult with the provincial governments on the location of national road and rail links. The provincial road and rail agencies plan and manage the networks at the provin- cial

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... availability of free time were rather mixed, although little variation between the views of the poor and the nonpoor emerged... than the impact on the nonpoor and the less ... sites in the Northeast Region and one in the Southern Region. In addition to being centers of rural production, both regions are major destinations for interregional transportation and are well ... of the features of their village to and use of transport and energy services in greater detail The third module asked about perceptions of the impacts of transport and

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... declined in favor of the secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors. The state ranks first nationally in the pro- duction of cotton and groundnuts, and second in the production of tobacco. ... shift from considerations of economic growth alone to a greater focus on poverty reduction originated in India. Concern about the rela- tionship between growth and poverty reduction stimulated ... National Context I ndia is a very large country with a population of more than 1 billion, representing approximately one third of the population served by ADB and one sixth of the world population.

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... activities .The PRC country study addressed the impacts of employment in rural road construction. The impacts of employment in rail and port construction are discussed in the sections below on railways and ... increased the possibility of social participation both inside and outside the village. The responses of the poor and the nonpoor did not differ on this point. In India, the great majority of respondents ... (electrifica- tion). Brief mention will also be made of the study findings on urban transport and energy improvements in Thailand, on rail impacts in the PRC and Thailand, and on port impacts in India.

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... subject of transport and energy infrastructure invest- ments and their impacts on poverty reduction. It focused on the end user of transport and energy services, and on distin- guishing impacts on the ... looked at the impacts of rail- way construction and operation and one studied the impact of a private port project. While a considerable literature already exists on the subject of rural roads, ... studied for the construction period and for the period of transport operation. Con- struction of large projects can provide a short-term stimu- lus to the local economy through employment and the purchase

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... reduction, the impact of the poverty reduction strategy on country-level operations and project designs, and the moni- toring and evaluation of the strategy, poverty assessment reports, and country ... series of stakeholder consultations in 199899 in several member countries (ADB 1999a). These consul- tations identified the lack of basic infrastructure as one of the aspects of exclusion of the ... review notes the absence of agreed indicators for capturing the non- economic dimensions of poverty, and the necessity of ensuring good follow-up on project monitoring and evalu- ation activities

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... between the quality of a country’s institutions and equity trading costs The legal environment – both rules and their enforcement – affects the perception of “investor protection” and therefore the ... depending on whether the level of political risk is that of India or Switzerland Clearly, the perceived level of political stability of the country of origin has a significant economic impact on transactions ... Summary and Conclusions We conjecture that the quality of a country’s institutions – both legal and political – affects the overall perception of “investor protection” and therefore the willingness

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2014, 12:03

... Engineering, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, China Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, School of Accounting, Dalian, P.R China Liability Sales Officer, Tandlianwala Branch, National ... clearly positive impact on the capital buffer and also strengthen the market discipline and market value making Secondly, restriction on banking working but on the other way reduce the incentive ... maintain their buffer capital amount according to the economic condition of the country Pakistan like a country that have more volatile economic due to the internal disability of efficient control on

Ngày tải lên: 01/02/2020, 22:24

... have the same direction and magnitude of effect on the trait [8], and violation of this assumption leads to a loss of power [14] Dispersion tests, on the other hand, evaluate the distribution of ... to control ratio The axis is labeled by the number of cases then the number of controls for each simulation The percentage of cases to controls is also listed below the number of cases and controls ... prevalence in the population, what number of cases and how many controls are necessary to detect the impact of rare variation on the disease? In Phenome-Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) [21] there are

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2020, 13:12

... being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master‟s Theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, ... conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the ... styles of EFL students when they are in class and when they are out of class In the light of this analysis, the in-class learning styles were more visiable and prefereable than the out -of- class one

Ngày tải lên: 27/04/2021, 23:31

... impacts on global public health, the environment, and socioeconomic status [4–7] Understanding the factors that affect the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for predicting the transmission ... (HCoV-OC43) and HCoV-HKU1, is seasonal [20,21] The seasonality of these related viruses has been leveraged in an indirect long-term simulation of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [22,23], and other studies ... current residence, the area code of the reporting institution, the date of symptom onset and the date of confirmation With such symptom-onset data, we are able to estimate the precise R values

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2022, 15:24

... extensively for the possibility of fiscal policy affecting economic growth; (ii) the long-term (sovereign) real interest rate, capturing the impact of inflation and the effects of the fiscal-monetary ... common shocks across countries that occurred over the period of the analysis, as well as for economic and monetary regime changes, such as the creation of the monetary union and the introduction ... the growth rate of the population and the ratio of the non-working age population to the working age population, split between old and young dependency ratio; (iii) the level of taxation (proxied...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... the long-run. The main result in 4 simple study on Fiji’s inflation impact on growth. Section 6 concludes the paper. 2.0 What level of inflation is harmful to growth? Theory Economic theories ... positive relationship between inflation and growth where, as growth increased, so did inflation. In the 1970s, however, the concept of stagflation gained prominence, and the validity of the positive ... simple one. The bivariate relationship may not be linear; and the correlation between inflation/ disinflation and growth maybe quite different from the steady-state inflation- growth relationship....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... of ―child labor‖ (i.e., the employment of persons below the age of eighteen) and the employment of people to do work in their homes. The Maryland Division of Labor and Industry issues work ... works‖ construction projects over $500,000. The Prevailing Wage Unit of the Maryland Division of Labor and Industry, Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation compiles wage data and sets the ... government has approved the Occupational Safety and Health Plan of the State of Maryland and has authorized the State to be the enforcement agency. The Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Act approach...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20