the identification and use of drugs

... years through the development and use of a succession of live food organisms as feed for the developing larvae The aim of the present manual was therefore to review and summarise the latest developments ... permission of the copyright owner Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and ... concerning the production and use of the major live food organisms currently employed in larviculture worldwide This document has been prepared within the framework of the aquaculture nutrition and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... the advantage of allowing control of the quality of the cultures The major difficulty in microscopic counts is reproducibility, which is a function of the sampling, diluting, and filling of the ... between the culture medium and the air The latter is of primary importance as the air contains the carbon source for photosynthesis in the form of carbon dioxide For very dense cultures, the CO2 ... extensive research efforts, the use of artificial diets in the culture of bivalve molluscs is still very limited The advantages and disadvantages of each of the three classes of replacement diets for...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... area The growth of the animal is assured by plasma increase and not by cell division The epidermis contains a densely packed layer of keratin-like proteins and is called the lorica The shape of the ... the lorica The shape of the lorica and the profile of the spines and ornaments allow the determination of the different species and morphotypes (see 3.4.) The rotifers body is differentiated ... consisting of the head, trunk and foot (Fig 3.1.) The head carries the rotatory organ or corona which is easily recognized by its annular ciliation and which is at the origin of the name of the Rotatoria...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... to feet and feathers of birds, and when ingested they remain intact for at least a couple of days in the digestive tract of birds Consequently the absence of migrating birds is probably the reason ... salinity is the common feature determining the presence of Artemia, the impact of other parameters (temperature, primary food production, etc.) may at most affect the abundance of the population and ... expansion of aquaculture production in the 1970’s, the demand for Artemia cysts soon exceeded the offer and prices rose exponentially, turning Artemia into a bottleneck for the expansion of the hatchery...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... weeks, the use of decapsulated cysts constitutes a saving of over one third in the amount of Artemia cysts used, compared to the use of live nauplii Table 4.2.4 The proximate composition (in % of ... and hatchability Hatchability of cysts is largely determined by the conditions and techniques applied for harvesting, cleaning, drying and storing of the cyst material The impact of most of these ... release over 80% of their cellular water, and upon interruption of the aeration, the now coffeebean shaped decapsulated cysts settle out After harvesting of these cysts on a mesh screen they should...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... 1986) On the other hand, instar II stages may be more susceptible to digestive enzyme breakdown in the gut of the predator since these enzymes can also penetrate the digestive tract of the Artemia ... generally used for feeding the late larval and postlarval stages of penaeids Freshly-hatched nauplii are usually offered at the start of the first mysis stage, and sometimes even earlier at the zoea-mysis ... and swallow their prey in one bite the size of the nauplii is particularly critical For example, fish larvae that are offered oversized Artemia nauplii may starve because they cannot ingest the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... influence the feeding behavior of Artemia by affecting the filtration rate, ingestion rate and/ or assimilation: including the quality and quantity of the food offered, the developmental stage of the ... (1992) The system does not require the use of feeding pumps and involves minimal care The pilot system consists of six oval raceway tanks of m3 (see above) and six reservoir tanks of the same ... down the DHA as is the case in nauplii There is however, an alternative method that takes profit of the specific aspects of ongrown Artemia: instead of adding the enrichment emulsion at the end of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... the acidity of the bottom The use of organic fertilizers increases the risk of infections This risk can be reduced by composting the manure before use One of the main disadvantages of organic ... to the effect of diapause or simply to the viability of the embryo The most common diapause deactivating methods used are described in chapter 4.2.1.4 However, before implementing any of these ... (degradation of organic matter by bacteria) and the nutrient level in the intake water, nitrogen often limits algae growth The use of nitrogen fertilizers is therefore widespread Four types of inorganic...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... effective and rapid the filtration Hence, the upper limit of the dimensions of the nets depends on the ease of handling rather than anything else The effectiveness of filtering is also influenced by the ... filtration and prevent losses due to the narrow and strong back current The longer the distance between the propeller and the net, the wider and shorter the net can be The distance between the propeller ... gates The amount of zooplankton collected depends on the zooplankton concentration in the water flowing out of the reservoir and on the volume of the water leaving the reservoir Again, the nets...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... the animals have migrated to the top of the tube, where they can be collected with the use of a pipet onto a 100 µm mesh screen After rinsing with seawater, the nematodes can then be fed to the ... particles from the water The efficiency of the filter allows even the uptake of bacteria (approx 1µm) In a study on the food quality of freshwater phytoplankton for the production of cladocerans, ... in the broodpouch and the larvae are miniature versions of the adults In some cases the embryonic period does not correspond with the brood period, and this means that the larvae are held in the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... information and education to the public and to users about the environmental consequences of the choice of particular activities and products, their use and ultimate disposal; (b) The development and ... subject-matter of the dispute 14 Unless the arbitral tribunal determines otherwise because of the particular circumstances of the case, the expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its ... two months of the appointment of the second arbitrator, the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe shall, at the request of either party to the dispute, designate the president...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... tie the upper set at the back of your head and the lower set at the base of your neck If a mask has elastic head bands, separate the two bands, hold the mask in one hand and the bands in the other ... one hand under the cuff of the opposite arm Pull the hand into the sleeve, grasping the gown from inside Reach across and push the sleeve off the opposite arm Fold the gown towards the inside and ... Place and hold the mask over your nose, mouth, and chin, then stretch the bands over your head and secure them comfortably as shown; one band on the upper back of your head, the other below the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 13:20

... previously used to identify new herpesviruses are discussed and the latest refined assays and their utility are provided The use of the CODEHOP methodology for the analysis of larger regions of viral ... genomes Often the linear order of genes within the genomes of related viruses is maintained Thus, the spacing and orientation of specific genes can be predicted in the genomes of Page 15 of 24 ... order of the DNA polymerase gene, ie ORF 9, and the ORF and ORF 10 flanking genes, characteristic of gammaherpesviruses, is shown The position of the CODEHOP PCR primers used to obtain the sequence...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... climate Also the acidity of the soil, the composition of the organic matter, the humidity and the availability of oxygen strongly influence the rate of decomposition 2.2 Compost The natural decomposition ... properties: The preparation and use of compost ? it improves the soil structure ? it improves the resistance of the soil against the erosive action of rain and wind ? it retains water and releases ... management’ and Agrodok no 16: ‘Agroforestry’ Contents of this Agrodok This Agrodok concentrates on the preparation and use of compost Chapter gives a recipe of making liquid manure and plant teas These...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... practice of composting In this chapter the important aspects of compost making are explained Attention must be given to the composition of the organic material and the location of the heap The measurements ... put a stick in the centre of the heap about days after completing the compost heap or after the final turning over Leave it there for about to 10 minutes 12 The preparation and use of compost After ... phase During the first stage of composting, the compost heap starts to heat up considerably This effect is known as fermentation and is the result of the breaking down of the complex and tough fibrous...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... around the top third and the bottom third of the barrel, at a distance of 52 cm from each other Make another hole of cm in the base of the barrel Through this bottom hole the liquid from the decomposing ... 10: A boma and compost site (Source: KIOF and HDRA) Like on the drawing, a trench of 30 cm in depth is dug out behind the boma (A) The soil is put next to the trench The bottom of the trench ... than in the Indore Method, although the quality of the compost is about the same The major advantages of the Bangalore Method are: ? a saving of water; ? it requires less labour, because the heap...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... Dilute the contents of the drum 1:2 (to one part of the liquid manure or plant tea add two parts of clean water) Spray the crop at the stem and not at the leaves 48 The preparation and use of compost ... air can reach the inside ? Mix the compost heap every two weeks by bringing the material at the bottom up to the top and the material at the top down to the bottom After two months the compost ... produce 44 The preparation and use of compost oxygen Because of these positive effects, much more compost than fresh organic refuse can be added to the water without difficulty, and more fish can be...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... out a layer of one of the materials: Use one third of the quantity of the recipe for one layer ? Water the layer with the molasses solution Use a watering can ? Put another layer of a different ... can find the addresses in the section ‘Useful Addresses’ If you 52 The preparation and use of compost make Bokashi for the first time and you cannot buy the EM mixture easily, use clean and moist ... advisable to use the anaerobic process The start of the preparation, the mixing and the watering is the same as in the aerobic process When the mixing is done, you have to pack the mixture in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20