the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in bipolar disorder

... model by including synthesis and regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (R) in the pituitary [18,19] In the pituitary, cortisol enters the cell and binds the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytoplasm, ... reveals the bistability inherent in the HPA axis given the enhanced model Model The HPA axis has three compartments representing the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenals regulated by simple, linear ... lymphocyte, hypothalamic and hippocampal cells [20,21], it induces the synthesis of GR-mRNA and increases the sensitivity in the anterior pituitary [22,23] Our model incorporates the increased synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... Etten-Leur, The Netherlands) The column was eluted with a linear gradient of acetonitrile (28 to 42% in 15 minutes) in 0.02 M ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) at a flow of 1.2 ml/min The radio-activity in the ... hypothalamus -pituitary- thyroid (HPT) axis during critical illness, among which is a local thyrotoxicosis in the hypothalamus Increased hypothalamic T3 availability could indeed explain feedback inhibition-induced suppression ... inhibition-induced suppression of the TRH gene in the context of the low T3 syndrome A first mechanism for increasing the local concentration of T3 in the hypothalamus is increased local conversion...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... were asked to indicate the site of any pain lasting at least 24 h or more in the past month The questionnaire also included the following items to ascertain psychological status, including several ... owing to difficulties in standardising collection procedures in the home environment We therefore examined whether an approach that combined the four sources of cortisol data would be more informative ... Research & Therapy Vol No McBeth et al One hypothesis, although the link is debated [3,4], relates to altered function of the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) stress axis [5] Specifically, clinic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... group in Canada, and will be dealt with in unison Following this, six other studies (one comparing QoL in patients with during different phases of the disorder, a recent study assessing QoL in bipolar ... lithium and mood stabilizers in the initial treatment and symptom control of BD, there is increasing recognition of the role of psychotherapy in the management of the disorder We identified one ... is growing interest in characterizing QoL in bipolar disorder populations, and determining the impact of treatment interventions upon life quality The scientific quality of research in this field...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... [5] Interestingly, abnormalities of the HPA axis reported in other stress-responserelated disorders, such as hypothalamic amenorrhea and exercise-induced amenorrhea, involve increased baseline ... scores This may explain their finding of significantly raised baseline cortisol in their sample of CFS patients Scott and Dinan [22] reported a finding of low urine free cortisol in patients with ... of the HPA axis in these conditions, based on the finding of low urinary free cortisol, and suggested the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis [8] Both fibromyalgia and CFS occur more commonly in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... participants in the study have taken part in mutual training-sessions in the different assessments and rating scales All participants have taken part in interrater-scorings The scorings for the different ... looking in the wrong place for them” Responses were on a nine-point scale ranging from ‘Not at all in the last six months’ to ‘More than once a day’, with high scores indicating more forgetting ... organized together Informed consent will be obtained after the investigator has verbally explained the purpose and procedures involved in the study, answered questions, and otherwise provided information...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... http://www.hqlo.com/content/9/1/90 regarding diagnoses of alcohol disorders, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders The key outcomes of interest pertain to the indirect costs of mood disorders, namely the lost work ... bivariate findings: compared with the non-mood disorder population, individuals with bipolar disorder had about 4.6 times the odds of not working (95% CI 3.52, 6.04), 3.56 times the odds of missing ... susceptible to the disruptive effects of mood disorders This is especially problematic when one considers our findings regarding the high costs imposed by bipolar disorder Namely, the bipolar disorder...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:20

... generally speaking, might be explained by differences in functioning in prefrontal cortical regions and a deficit in inhibiting selffocus These hypotheses provide interesting lines of investigation ... unique to bipolar disorder is that studies of rumination in bipolar disorder reveal that not only individuals with bipolar disorder ruminate in response to negative affect in depressed states, they ... and rumination A final related hypothesis explaining the link between the tendency to ruminate and mania in bipolar disorder is rooted in the possibility that individuals with mania may have experienced...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... effect in either group in a working memory task Interestingly, in previous work in healthy volunteers (unpublished information) using the same two cognitive tests we found that 14 days administration ... consisted of two conditions In the first condition there was a series of ten arrows pointing to the left or to the right Subjects responded by pressing the left or right button In the second condition ... 4-second intervals During the display of a single letter, subjects responded by thinking of as many words as possible that begin with that letter and repeating them silently until another letter...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... Mental Health since 1982 Diagnostic assessment is the primary service provided The therapeutic intervention that follows may include counselling or supportive intervention in the family, individual ... abnormality in the brain, whether they cause dependence or harmful physical effects, whether they are overused etc (the questionnaire is shown in Additional file 1) In addition, the sex, age, ... two of the parents had former experience with a mentally disordered individual in the family The demographic characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 1; the diagnosis concerning the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:20

... aripiprazole against psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder To the best of our knowledge no such analysis exists in the literature to date, and the reviews available [16-25] either not include all the trials ... criteria The first step of the search included a keyword search of Medline and the internet via Google with the words 'aripiprazole' and 'bipolar' The second step included search of the BMS site ... there are specific issues the clinician should have in mind, such as that the maintenance effect is proven only in patients with an index manic episode that responded to aripiprazole during the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... for the overall cost of mental disorders, and especially for bipolar disorder The ‘class effect’ provides the clinician with fast and simple rules to determine treatment, but in the case of bipolar ... are available concerning bipolar depression or the maintenance phase The use and usefulness of antidepressants in bipolar disorder is controversial because of the risk of inducing Fountoulakis et ... efficacy against acute mania [17-22] There are only two small positive studies suggesting it might be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in bipolar I patients during the acute...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... 164778/V50) The funding source had no involvement in the authors’ work The authors thank the other members of the TOP Study group and the patients that participated in the study We further thank the ... explain the lower risk of alcohol use disorder in the patient group in the present study There were several indicators of a poorer functioning in the excessive substance use group compared to the ... study, covering both in- and outpatient units including substance abuse clinics Conclusions The current findings show that there is a significant increase in illicit substance use in BD compared...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... to be the most effective initial choice among atypical antipsychotics for the acute treatment of bipolar disorder, and these effects appear to persist in the post-acute phase Finally, the study ... treating bipolar disorder in the California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) program J Affect Disord 2002, 71(1-3):131-139 Blanco C, Laje G, Olfson M, Marcus SC, Pincus HA: Trends in the treatment of bipolar disorder ... of treatments as they are actually used rather than when optimally dosed We included the full range of observed dosing in our analysis based on the assumption that, in selecting medications,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... time the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in these patients may best be made based on the free cortisol level or the total cortisol level stratified by serum albumin (Table 1) [14,15] Because these ... criteria alone Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests References 10 11 12 13 14 15 Salgado DR, Verdeal JC, Rocco JR: Adrenal function testing in patients with ... lowdose methylprednisolone or placebo In both of these studies patient outcome was improved in the steroid-treated group, independent of adrenal function testing Five randomized, placebo-controlled...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... France) administered intravenously) was performed on the first morning in the intensive care unit (ICU) and seven days after the bleeding On the second and sixth days in the ICU, 24-hour urinary cortisol ... advantage in the clinical setting One of the major stress responses to trauma is the activation of the HPA axis to increase cortisol production SAH may disturb the function of the HPA axis by brain ... exhausted adrenal gland rather than real adrenal insufficiency This test may not be reliable for detecting adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients, and confounding factors influence the method...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... influencing obesity in bipolar patients include nutrient intake and physical activity In assessing the nutrient intake of persons with bipolar disorder, Elmslie and colleagues found that they had increased ... hrs following the post-dialysis dose There is a case report in which lithium levels were maintained in the therapeutic range by intraperitoneal administration of lithium during continuous peritoneal ... with bipolar disorder in the general population are likely receiving even less medical care The significance of this finding is that the psychiatrist may be the only physician caring for these...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:51

... their underlying cognitive domains in bipolar disorder The SCIP seems to work properly when it is administered by psychiatrists who have participated in a relatively brief training exercise In ... prospective investigations It would be also interesting to explore SCIP scores in patients with bipolar disorder compared to other psychiatric disorders; in this sense preliminary results comparing bipolar ... complete the SCIP The reliability of the SCIP was assessed by examination of alternate form equivalence, the test-retest reliability, the internal consistency within the bipolar sample, and the magnitude...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... patients in the placebo group and 154 (87%) of the 178 patients in the aripiprazole group The most frequent adverse events (≥5% incidence in the aripiprazole group and twice the incidence in the placebo ... an increase in bodyweight of more than 7% versus five in the placebo group Only 4% in the aripiprazole group had high prolactin levels at endpoint in comparison to 11% in the placebo group The ... in the placebo group (35%) The mean aripiprazole dose at the end of the study was 17.6 mg daily The results suggest that in weeks to there was a significant reduction in the MADRS scores in the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... HRQoL, in these multidimensional scales we used the unweighted scores In both cases, the higher the scores, the better the HRQoL, and vice versa (2) The Spanish version of the TOOL questionnaire The ... and The percentage of missing values in each of the items contained in the questionnaire was less than 5% The mean completion time was 4.91 (SD 4.48) A ceiling effect was found for the following ... reported in other studies [31,32], these items should be tested in further investigations with schizophrenic and bipolar patients showing a worse health status in order to test discriminative power The...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21