the genetic manipulation of plants

... cytoplasm So all the mitochondria and other plastids in the cytoplasm of the first cell of the new embryo are derived from the maternal parent There are some exceptions to this general mode of fertilization, ... the amount of DNA belonging to a haploid nucleus, expressed in picograms (10–12 g) This is an indicator of the size of the nuclear genome It has become clear that the size of the genome has often ... genetic engineering’, which for plants can be considered as ‘any nonconventional method of genetic manipulation dealing with the transfer of genes between plants and from other organisms to plants .17...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 14:26

... cytoplasm So all the mitochondria and other plastids in the cytoplasm of the first cell of the new embryo are derived from the maternal parent There are some exceptions to this general mode of fertilization, ... the amount of DNA belonging to a haploid nucleus, expressed in picograms (10–12 g) This is an indicator of the size of the nuclear genome It has become clear that the size of the genome has often ... genetic engineering’, which for plants can be considered as ‘any nonconventional method of genetic manipulation dealing with the transfer of genes between plants and from other organisms to plants .17...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 14:00

... of the chelating agent, the enzyme is completely inactive, regardless of the NaCl concentration Therefore, the substitution of D38 by C38 in the protein has weakened the binding of zinc ion The ... the elimination of the hydrogen bonds formed by the amino acids involved in the binding of NADP+ The position of the NADP+ in the mutant is the same as it is in the native enzyme The loop formed ... 1996) The second group of residues includes V351 The adenine ring of NAD+ approaches the C of residue 351 as a result of a conformational change in the adenosine 36 Genetic Manipulation of DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... possible within the framework of the theory of L-systems The first is to extend the size n0 of the alphabet V , so that the growth process of interest will be captured by the initial derivation steps, ... with the initial part of the curve representing the growth of a young organism, and the latter part corresponding to the organism close to its final size The second approach to the synthesis of ... [58]: e The idea of the form implicitly contains also the history of such a form Growth and form vi Modeling of plants About the book Preface The developmental processes are captured using the formalism...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 13:20

... maximize the quality control of proteins in the secretory pathway It is not known whether the vacuolar function is enhanced by the UPR in plants Other UPR in plants The UPR is composed of three ... dramatically influences the secondary structure of the protein Peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases (cyclophilin) survey the status of the proline residues and rearrange them from the cis to the trans form ... RNA [137] Furthermore, the knock-down of MAL1 caused an increase in the expression of BiP, suggesting the presence of ER stress In Arabidopsis rsw3, a temperature-sensitive mutant of the b-glucosidase...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... of the chelating agent, the enzyme is completely inactive, regardless of the NaCl concentration Therefore, the substitution of D38 by C38 in the protein has weakened the binding of zinc ion The ... the elimination of the hydrogen bonds formed by the amino acids involved in the binding of NADP+ The position of the NADP+ in the mutant is the same as it is in the native enzyme The loop formed ... 1996) The second group of residues includes V351 The adenine ring of NAD+ approaches the C of residue 351 as a result of a conformational change in the adenosine 36 Genetic Manipulation of DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 21:20

... one of his experiments that the roots of timothy weighed 31 per cent of the weight of the hay Hosaeus, investigating the same subject about the same time, found that the weight of roots of one of ... conducted about 1867, added the lengths of all the fine roots from each of various plants He found that the total length of roots, that is, the sum of the lengths of all the roots, of one wheat plant ... well-established field of clover weighed as much as the total weight of the stems and leaves of the year's crop, and that the weight of roots of an oat crop was 43 per cent of the total weight of seed and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 15:20

... to the earlier blastoderm stages To validate their experimental approach, the authors compared their gene list with the approximately 2,000 genes found to be expressed in the early embryo in other ... that 12 out of 15 of these genes are expressed in a spatially restricted pattern in regions undergoing distinct morphogenetic processes This series of studies led to the identification of a novel ... identify genes downstream of cell fate Given the extensive information from genetic studies about the transcriptional regulators that direct the early morphogenetic events of embryogenesis, it is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... by the square root of the respective sampling variances, obtained from the inverse of the average information matrix Using the estimated components of variance, approximations of additive genetic, ... The sum of the variance components in the denominator of ˆ2 equation (3) estimates the phenotypic variance at trial i ( σpi ) The ˆ2 standard errors of σp i were obtained by the square root of ... Under the statistical linear mixed model, the properties of minimum prediction error variance and unbiasedness of the BLUP predictors of genetic value will hold if the variances and covariances of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... age of selection, lack of relationship between phenotypical and genetic values) as suggested by Keiding and Olsen [15] Another reason may be the lack of knowledge of the genetic control of traits ... Branching density was estimated as the ratio of the number of branches on the 1988stem increment to the length of that increment and expressed as the number of branches per 10 cm long shoot; A ... eye-visible colour differentiation of the wood The proportion of heartwood at BH was then expressed as the ratio of the heartwood area on total stem area (under bark) Modulus of elasticity was estimated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... file 1) The strengths of the associations of both the rs2004640 T allele and the haplotype were high enough to surpass the correction for multiple testing, even with all of the variants in the human ... decreases the chances of reporting an association if no association actually exists (type I error) In the case of association of the IRF5 variant with SLE, which has satisfied most of the above ... alternate exon of IRF5 and might thus have a functional role by altering the splicing of exon of the IRF5 [2] Conclusion Association analysis of IRF5 polymorphisms revealed that the results in the Korean...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... Analysis The analysis model was: where yZ!k is the performance of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch, a the direct genetic effect of the jth animal, m! the maternal j genetic ... evaluate whether the same genes were expressed in males and females The results of this analysis were used to calculate genetic parameters of and of the ratio of the trait expressed in males to the trait ... from the kth dam, ez!! the residual of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch and cov(a, m) the covariance matrix between the vector of direct genetic effects (a) and the vector...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... artificial divergent selection was carried out for the rate of homosexual copulation to further study the genetic variation of the character In addition, the genetic relationship between homosexual copulation ... that the genetic correlation between this trait and the rate of homosexual must be small or non-existent copulation The phenotypic correlations between the rates of homosexual copulation of the ... of insect homosexual copulation behaviour, considered as a by-product of perception errors Assuming that the main cost of reproduction is the time consumed by the male in discerning the sex of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... At the end of the 2nd day, the germ cells come in close contact with the adjacent coelomic sacs and their mass divides into right and left halves The investing sheath of the gonad arises from the ... the division of the mass of germ cells In the absence of this division, we obtain females with only ovariole (table I) The third level, and the more frequently affected, is in the larva and the ... effect is detectable The question arises as to the nature of the genetic system of control involved In G the Fl values are significantly different from each other at the 5% , so and therefore, it is...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... bind to the mRNAs of these genes, leading to the cleavage and subsequent degradation of the mRNAs The miR-444 family of miRNAs is specific to the Poaceae (the grasses) and targets mRNAs of AGL17-like ... [5,8] The type I proteins have no K domain (Figure 1b) The type I MADS-domain proteins of plants can be further subdivided into the three groups Mα, Mβ and Mγ on the basis of their phylogeny and the ... hmmalign of the HMMer package [66] and the logo was created using WebLogo [67] The logo displays the frequencies of amino acids at each position of the MADS domain, as the relative heights of letters,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... variance between the lines, the variances of the phenotypic and additive variances of the lines will be the same and, therefore: where fl j CV(V and h are the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic ... number of bristles on the 5th and the 6th sternites remains constant over lines, the variance of the phenotypic and the genetic covariances between these traits will be the same and, therefore, their ... normality of the distribution of the trait, the relationship between the variance - of the phenotypic variance of independent lines true value V(VP ) is, as shown in the Appendix: where Vp is the average...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... ambiguous phenotypic t trait The proof of the segregation of a major gene, if any, would then be the straightforward outcome of the inspection of the distribution of this quantitative variable ... of the muscle hypertrophy Furthermore, estimations of the gene effect and of the dominance deviation for this phenotypic criterion are then possible through the fitting of the appropriate mathematical ... to more than one gene (see the review , ENISSIER by M 1982) On the other hand, in most of the genetic analyses of this condition so far published, the distribution of the animals into phenotypic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... number of hypothetic meta-QTLs of a model) “Delta” is the rescaled value of the criterion, it is the difference between the value of the given model and the value of the best model The weight is the ... on the other hand QTL names are written to the left of the bars QTL nomenclature is as follows: the name of the first author of the original publication juxtaposed to the last two digits of the ... onto the consensus map It is based on a scaling rule between the positions of the flanking markers of the QTLs on their original maps and the positions of these markers on the consensus map The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... background of the cultivated variety provided a set of lines offering an optimal distribution of the wild introgressions Conclusion: The genetic map developed, allowed the synteny analysis of the A ... introgression of a small fraction of the wild genome species while keeping the genetic background of the cultivated is a good mean to explore the largely untapped reservoir of useful alleles of interest ... development and the analysis of the genome-wide segment introgressions of the most probable wild progenitors of the cultivated peanut species (A duranensis and A ipaënsis) into the background of the cultivated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21