the genetic determinants of common obesity susceptibility

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:51

... twice the amount of more than a million SNPs[27] 2.8.1 Multiple-stage design Most of these genome wide genotyping products follow the concept of the common disease common variant” (CDCV) hypothesis ... fundamentally is the square of correlation coefficient between the two loci, therefore its value is related to the amount of information provided by one locus about the other When r2 = 1, the two loci ... present in the population to contribute their part towards the trait In recent decades, geneticists have banked on the common disease common variant (CDCV) hypothesis for studying common complex...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:51

... supported the role of genes in the pathogenesis of human obesity However, obesity has a wide phenotypic variability, ranging from the mildly overweight to the morbidly obese, as well as the spectrum of ... account of our contribution to this field of obesity research, not only in the discovery of novel MC4R mutations causing monogenic human obesity, but also the role of genetic variants of POMC ... Cambridge, United Kingdom, in the laboratory of Professor Steve O’Reilly and Dr Sadaf Farooqi, using the DNA biobank of their Genetics of Obesity Study (GOOS) cohort The NMR study decribed in chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:02

... about other disorders in genetic studies of PTSD Moreover, some of the genetic influences on PTSD overlap with those on other psychiatric disorders [48-51] The extent of the overlap varies with the ... will perform a focused set of analyses that test for heterogeneity in terms of the timing, type, and severity of the trauma We hypothesize that the effect of PTSD genetic risk variants will be ... aimed at verifying the functional significance of susceptibility haplotypes, clarifying their role in the etiology of PTSD, and examining their relevance to the development of new pharmacological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... on their credits to enterprises will depend, on the one hand, on the development of the outstanding amounts of these credits on the assets side of the balance sheet and, on the other, on the ... to the cyclical variables, because they tend to analyse the economy from the angle of monetary developments Thus, they trace the starting point of the financial crisis of the 1930s back to the ... Theoretical outline of the determinants of financial crises Problems of a systemic nature, which can affect the whole of the banking sector, have been the subject of various theoretical analyses...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:11

... (pTDN1) [14] The lack of characterization of the structural determinant of the substrate specificity of the AtdA enzyme has thus limited its development as a biocatalyst for the bioremediation of a wide ... reported which of the five genes control the substrate specificity of the AtdA enzyme The objective of this study was to identify and probe the residues determining the activity as well as the substrate ... may indicate that the steric limitation of the enzyme’s binding pocket takes place in the area between the ortho and para positions of the aromatic substrate On the basis of these results, aniline...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... the amount of DNA belonging to a haploid nucleus, expressed in picograms (10–12 g) This is an indicator of the size of the nuclear genome It has become clear that the size of the genome has often ... barley (Hordeum vulgare), adapt their biosynthetic pathways by reducing the synthesis of glycine and serine, but increasing the synthesis of many other kinds of amino acid, including those with ... CONCERN Watson’s book The Double Helix9 The Watson–Crick model laid the foundation for breaking the genetic code For a sequence of bases in one strand of DNA to specify the sequence of amino acids in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 14:26

... the amount of DNA belonging to a haploid nucleus, expressed in picograms (10–12 g) This is an indicator of the size of the nuclear genome It has become clear that the size of the genome has often ... barley (Hordeum vulgare), adapt their biosynthetic pathways by reducing the synthesis of glycine and serine, but increasing the synthesis of many other kinds of amino acid, including those with ... CONCERN Watson’s book The Double Helix9 The Watson–Crick model laid the foundation for breaking the genetic code For a sequence of bases in one strand of DNA to specify the sequence of amino acids in...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 14:00

... (the value of which is termed the ‘growth ratio’) The size of the adult moth depends on the mechanism that causes feeding and growth to cease towards the end of larval life, at which point the ... parameters: the growth rate (the slope of the curve), the weight at which metamorphosis is initiated (the critical weight), and the length of time between attainment of critical weight and the large ... validity of the model and indicating that the chosen parameters are likely to be the principal determinants of size Peak size thus seems to be purely the result of how fast the caterpillar grows, the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... to the earlier blastoderm stages To validate their experimental approach, the authors compared their gene list with the approximately 2,000 genes found to be expressed in the early embryo in other ... that 12 out of 15 of these genes are expressed in a spatially restricted pattern in regions undergoing distinct morphogenetic processes This series of studies led to the identification of a novel ... identify genes downstream of cell fate Given the extensive information from genetic studies about the transcriptional regulators that direct the early morphogenetic events of embryogenesis, it is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... by the square root of the respective sampling variances, obtained from the inverse of the average information matrix Using the estimated components of variance, approximations of additive genetic, ... The sum of the variance components in the denominator of ˆ2 equation (3) estimates the phenotypic variance at trial i ( σpi ) The ˆ2 standard errors of σp i were obtained by the square root of ... Under the statistical linear mixed model, the properties of minimum prediction error variance and unbiasedness of the BLUP predictors of genetic value will hold if the variances and covariances of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... age of selection, lack of relationship between phenotypical and genetic values) as suggested by Keiding and Olsen [15] Another reason may be the lack of knowledge of the genetic control of traits ... clones, a common set of clones out of 12 which were selected in the native range of the European larch: 11 non-related clones from the Sudetan Mountains and clone from the Alps As for the male ... Branching density was estimated as the ratio of the number of branches on the 1988stem increment to the length of that increment and expressed as the number of branches per 10 cm long shoot; A...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... file 1) The strengths of the associations of both the rs2004640 T allele and the haplotype were high enough to surpass the correction for multiple testing, even with all of the variants in the human ... decreases the chances of reporting an association if no association actually exists (type I error) In the case of association of the IRF5 variant with SLE, which has satisfied most of the above ... alternate exon of IRF5 and might thus have a functional role by altering the splicing of exon of the IRF5 [2] Conclusion Association analysis of IRF5 polymorphisms revealed that the results in the Korean...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... Analysis The analysis model was: where yZ!k is the performance of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch, a the direct genetic effect of the jth animal, m! the maternal j genetic ... evaluate whether the same genes were expressed in males and females The results of this analysis were used to calculate genetic parameters of and of the ratio of the trait expressed in males to the trait ... from the kth dam, ez!! the residual of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch and cov(a, m) the covariance matrix between the vector of direct genetic effects (a) and the vector...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... artificial divergent selection was carried out for the rate of homosexual copulation to further study the genetic variation of the character In addition, the genetic relationship between homosexual copulation ... that the genetic correlation between this trait and the rate of homosexual must be small or non-existent copulation The phenotypic correlations between the rates of homosexual copulation of the ... of insect homosexual copulation behaviour, considered as a by-product of perception errors Assuming that the main cost of reproduction is the time consumed by the male in discerning the sex of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... At the end of the 2nd day, the germ cells come in close contact with the adjacent coelomic sacs and their mass divides into right and left halves The investing sheath of the gonad arises from the ... the division of the mass of germ cells In the absence of this division, we obtain females with only ovariole (table I) The third level, and the more frequently affected, is in the larva and the ... effect is detectable The question arises as to the nature of the genetic system of control involved In G the Fl values are significantly different from each other at the 5% , so and therefore, it is...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... variance between the lines, the variances of the phenotypic and additive variances of the lines will be the same and, therefore: where fl j CV(V and h are the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic ... number of bristles on the 5th and the 6th sternites remains constant over lines, the variance of the phenotypic and the genetic covariances between these traits will be the same and, therefore, their ... normality of the distribution of the trait, the relationship between the variance - of the phenotypic variance of independent lines true value V(VP ) is, as shown in the Appendix: where Vp is the average...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... ambiguous phenotypic t trait The proof of the segregation of a major gene, if any, would then be the straightforward outcome of the inspection of the distribution of this quantitative variable ... of the muscle hypertrophy Furthermore, estimations of the gene effect and of the dominance deviation for this phenotypic criterion are then possible through the fitting of the appropriate mathematical ... to more than one gene (see the review , ENISSIER by M 1982) On the other hand, in most of the genetic analyses of this condition so far published, the distribution of the animals into phenotypic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... number of hypothetic meta-QTLs of a model) “Delta” is the rescaled value of the criterion, it is the difference between the value of the given model and the value of the best model The weight is the ... on the other hand QTL names are written to the left of the bars QTL nomenclature is as follows: the name of the first author of the original publication juxtaposed to the last two digits of the ... onto the consensus map It is based on a scaling rule between the positions of the flanking markers of the QTLs on their original maps and the positions of these markers on the consensus map The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21