the gale encyclopedia of neurological disorders

... imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. The Gale Encyclopedia of ... VOLUME A-L 1 The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of NEurological Disorders STACEY L. CHAMBERLIN, BRIGHAM NARINS, EDITORS FrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page iii 20 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Agnosia Key ... University Vitória, Brazil GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS xix Contributors FrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page xix 28 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Alcohol-related neurological...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... direct the guide wire to the correct location. Once it is in position, the needle is then removed, and a catheter is threaded over the length of the guide wire until it reaches the area of study. The ... number of doses of triptans per month. Patients who need more doses either must have their doctors try to get the insurance company to authorize them, or the patients must pay the full price of the ... role in the progression of the disease. The accumulation of dam- age and loss of brain cells eventually results in the failure of many different organ systems in the body. According to the National...

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... 110 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 127 Autonomic dysfunction Key Terms Dysarthria A group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in the strength or coordination of the muscles of ... location of the defective chromosome. Autosomal dominant inheritance requires the presence of the mutation in only one of the two copies of a gene (maternal or paternal) to trigger the onset of the ... Arnold-Chiari malformations. One hypothesis is that the base of the skull is too small, forcing the cerebellum downward. Another theory focuses on overgrowth in the cerebellar region. The overgrowth pushes the cerebellum...

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... The process of atherosclerosis causes a hardening of the walls of the arteries and, in the case of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, results in a carotid stenosis that reduces the flow of ... stenosis is the medical description of the nar- rowing or constriction of the carotid artery. The artery is located in the neck, and the narrowing of the artery is caused by the buildup of plaque ... specific to the type of tumor, location of the tumor, and general health of the patient. Surgery, radiation therapy, and LetterB.qxd 10/5/04 2:40 PM Page 178 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 151 Beriberi ã...

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... Page 241 214 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Cerebral circulation In the embryo, the components of the circle of Willis develop from the embryonic dorsal aortae and the embry- onic ... The part of the brain that is damaged determines what parts of the body are affected. LetterC.qxd 10/6/04 4:13 PM Page 219 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 231 Chorea Key Terms Athetosis ... which they are named. In the spinal cord of humans, the myelin-coated axons are on the surface and the axon-dendrite network is on the inside. In cross-section, the pattern of contrasting color of these...

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... overheating. The pair of globular mammillary bodies are partially embedded in the underside of the hypothalamus. They are LetterD.qxd 10/1/04 11:04 AM Page 285 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 277 Diabetic ... symptoms The cause of dermatomyositis is a disruption in the functioning of the immune system, although the precise details of the malfunction are not yet known. While the basis of the disease ... Ac- cording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 42% of the population of the United States will complain of dizziness at some point in their lives. In the United States, the cost of medical...

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... on the severity of the problem and the underlying cause. If the speech diffi- culties are mild to moderate, and the cause has been LetterD.qxd 10/1/04 11:05 AM Page 304 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL ... although, clinically, the two often share signs and symptoms of inflammation of the meninges. LetterE.qxd 10/1/04 11:05 AM Page 332 312 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Dyskinesia Tremors ... by underactivity of the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland The most important of the en- docrine glands (glands that release hormones di- rectly into the bloodstream), the pituitary is located at the base of the...

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... Page 401 354 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Epilepsy There are two vagal nerves, one on each side of the neck near the carotid arteries, making a pair of cranial nerves (there are 12 ... especially around the neck. Because the seizure occurs in the setting of a fever, the main target of therapy is to bring the fever down. Removing the clothes and applying cool washcloths to the child’s ... Fabry disease. Diagnosis Initially, the diagnosis of Fabry disease is based on the presence of the symptoms. It should also be suspected if there is a family history of the disorder. The diagnosis of Fabry disease...

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... Page 432 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 433 Hydrocephalus Key Terms Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) The clear fluid made in the ventricular cavities of the brain that bathes the brain ... contraction of the facial muscles limited to one side of the face. The eyelids are involved, and upturning of the corner of the mouth is observed. The patient may have facial twitching during periods of ... 11:06 AM Page 429 430 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Hydrocephalus Key Terms Brainstem The stalk of the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It is involved...

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... AM Page 470 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 499 Lissencephaly Key Terms Cerebral cortex The layer of gray matter that makes up the surface of cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It ... Some individuals (most often the males) may have a split in the tissue in the iris of the eye. Each of these problems will af- fect their vision, and eye surgery may not be beneficial. The central nervous ... 508 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Lyme disease Patient history and symptoms The diagnosis of Lyme disease is complicated by the fact that about 25% of patients do not develop the...

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... 524 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Meninges Anatomy The outer surface of the dura adheres to the skull, while the inner surface is loosely connected to the arach- noid layer. The ... mobility devices GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS vii FrontMatter2.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page vii GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 519 Ménière’s disease Key Terms Aphasia Loss of the ... through the fourth ventricle, and then through open- ings at the base of the brain and around the brain stem. Some of the fluid circulates down through the subarach- noid space encircling the length...

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Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

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Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21