the future of bloodstain pattern evidence pdf
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Pathways and products for the metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochrome P450scc docx
... [1,14] The lack of hydroxylation of vitamin D3 at position 22 now provides a clear explanation for the inability of P450scc to cleave the side chain of vitamin D3 Hydroxylation of the side chain of ... purifying them and determining the substrates from which they arose by the action of P450scc, as well as the products that they gave rise to This revealed both the major and minor pathways for the ... difference between the metabolism of vitamin D3 and cholesterol by P450scc is that the dissociation of intermediates occurs for the metabolism of vitamin D3, but not for the metabolism of cholesterol...
- 12
- 704
- 0
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Cytochrome P450 Cyp4x1 is a major P450 protein in mouse brain doc
... low-level protection of the 177-bp fragment The protection of a fragment of 177 bp demonstrates that the protection of the probe is specific for the size of the exon fragment, and is therefore specifically ... (predicted in the case of CYP4x1 and known for the crystal structure in the case of CYP102) Numbers at the side of the alignment represent the residue number (B) Molecular model of the predicted ... in one of two possible orientations, or alternatively longer-chain fatty acids, but that the oxidation of these is not directed, as is usually the case in the CYP4s, to the terminus of their carbon...
- 12
- 466
- 0
Tài liệu Báo cáo khóa học: Point mutations associated with insecticide resistance in the Drosophila cytochrome P450 Cyp6a2 enable DDT metabolism doc
... effect of these mutations on the electron transfer process To elucidate the mechanism by which mutations on the J helix and in the vicinity of the b sheet 3–3 can affect the catalytic properties of ... transformed with the pCW vector CYP6A2 concentrations In order to assess the stability of the CYP6A2wt and mutant enzymes, we measured the apoenzyme and the holoenzyme amount for each one of them The CYP6A2 ... had no effect on the spectra The type of substrateinduced binding spectra was determined by the positions of the peak and the valley on the spectrum [43] Sequence alignment The alignments between...
- 8
- 535
- 0
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Models and mechanisms of O-O bond activation by cytochrome P450 A critical assessment of the potential role of multiple active intermediates in oxidative catalysis doc
... intermediate [11] The sum of these ndings points at the involvement of more than one active oxidant in the diverse types of P450-catalyzed substrate processing [1215] The goal of the present perspective ... which small alterations in the environment can cause drastic changes in the reactivity of the active species [76] Further support in favour of the idea of the involvement of a high-valent iron-oxene ... direct evidence vis-a-vis the TSR theory On the other hand, intractability of high-energy intermediates such as ferryl precludes facile experimental proof of the ễtwostateế proposal owing to lack of...
- 26
- 746
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Arabidopsis thaliana CYP77A4 is the first cytochrome P450 able to catalyze the epoxidation of free fatty acids in plants potx
... from the CYP77A4-transformed yeasts, the level of expression of the enzyme was evaluated on the basis of the differential absorbance of reduced CO-bound versus reduced microsomes at 450 nm [35] The ... evaporated before the addition of microsomes into the glass tube Resolubilization of the substrates was confirmed by measuring the radioactivity of the incubation media The enzymatic activities of CYP77A4 ... sides of the hydroxyl function carrying the trimethylsilyl group This fragmentation pattern is characteristic of the derivative of 13-hydroxyoleic acid (x-5) (M = 384 gÆmol)1) The mass spectrum of...
- 17
- 544
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Inter-flavin electron transfer in cytochrome P450 reductase – effects of solvent and pH identify hidden complexity in mechanism potx
... interested in the inter-avin ET reactions, so the pH dependence of the kinetic behaviour at 600 nm was analysed, reporting on the formation of the blue, neutral sq species of the FMN and the FAD cofactors ... NADPH In the following, a synopsis of the gathered results is used to support the hypothesis that the blue di-sq is kinetically less exposed at elevated pH The protonation state of the N5 in the avin ... H2O and D2O The symbols are the same as those in (B) Figure S5 presents the ratio of kfast and kslow in H2O and D2O as a function of the pH value (D) The pH dependence of the SKIEs for the up phase...
- 18
- 414
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: D88A mutant of cytochrome P450nor provides kinetic evidence for direct complex formation with electron donor NADH ppt
... the binding of NADH rather than the electron transfer to form I Confusion regarding the isosbestic point (at 440 nm) in the latter stage of the process (Fig 4) is due to the + appearance of the ... Arg292; from the top to the bottom of the pocket) are located on one side of the pocket beneath the B¢-helix, whereas only one charged residue (Arg174) is present on the other side beneath the F,G-loop ... charges in the haem-distal pocket The location of the negatively charged amino acid residues in the haem-distal pocket of P450nor is shown in Fig The B¢-helix and F,G-loop form the entrance of the pocket...
- 8
- 405
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Testosterone 1b-hydroxylation by human cytochrome P450 3A4 pdf
... rate of 0.8 mLÆmin)1 The peaks were detected at a wavelength of 244 nm using a diode array detector MS (time -of- flight) An aliquot (5%, v/v) of the eluent from the HPLC column was split to the ... for each of the 512 increments The same parameters were used for phase sensitive 1H-1H NOESY with H2O suppression on the water signal except for the number of scans (32), the number of data points ... characterization of one of the minor hydroxylation products of testosterone, with an estimated total amount of lg Spectroscopy alone yielded an unequivocal assignment of the product Traces of a product...
- 8
- 359
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetic and binding studies with purified recombinant proteins ferredoxin reductase, ferredoxin and cytochrome P450 comprising the morpholine mono-oxygenase from Mycobacteriumsp. strain HE5 ppt
... effect on the spin-state of NHisP450mor in the presence or absence of any of the tested N-heterocycles In order to obtain more information about the binding properties of the active site of P450mor ... conditions However, from the slope of the initial linear range of the kinetic plot, the constants Vmax ⁄ Km of 1.1 electronsÆmin)1Ænm)1 for NHis-Fdmor and Vmax ⁄ Km of 0.9 electronsÆmin)1Ænm)1 ... formation of the inactive P420 species The binding of substrates to cytochromes P450 usually induces transition of the heme from the low-spin 1154 B Sielaff and J R Andreesen state to the high-spin...
- 12
- 372
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: The cytochrome P450scc system opens an alternate pathway of vitamin D3 metabolism docx
... similar to that of the proton at the 3-OH position, and it is a proton characteristic of a vicinal hydroxyl group Compared with the results of Guryev et al [18], this is the fingerprint of 20,22(OH)-vitamin ... carbon atom C-20, the 1H NMR spectrum of compound P1 shows the singlet signal of methyl group CH3-21 instead of the doublet 4082 A Slominski et al Concomitant with this change there is also a significant ... shift (D ¼ 0.32 p.p.m) of the CH3-21 signal The same shift had been reported for a preparation of 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 [18] The difference between the chemical shifts of CH3-21 in cholesterol...
- 11
- 401
- 0
Báo cáo Y học: Baboon cytochrome P450 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) Characterization of the adrenal microsomal and cloned enzymes docx
... [3,4] The dual activity of CYP17 and the differential regulation thereof have been the subject of many studies It is apparent that the normal expression and dual hydroxylase and lyase activities of ... Before the addition and (B) after the addition of NADH to the reference cuvette The reduction in the peak at 425 nm after addition of NADH is indicative of the presence of cytochrome b5 (C) NADH reduced ... respect to the interaction of the enzyme with the 17-hydroxylated intermediate Baboon CYP17 initially converted most of the PREG to 17-OHPREG and during the entire experiment, the ratio of DHEA/17-OHPREG...
- 9
- 420
- 0
Báo cáo Y học: Substrates modulate the rate-determining step for CO binding in cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) A high-pressure stopped-flow study pdf
... the data for the camphane complex as an example As the simplest approximation we used a linear combination of two bimolecular processes to fit the curves At bar the fractions of the slow and the ... the fraction w of the fast phase gradually increases from % 54% at bar to % 65% at 1000 bar The plot of ln(w/(1 ) w)), which corresponds to the logarithm of the equilibrium constant between the ... strongly on the presence of substrate methyl groups and correlates with the initial high-spin state content at 297 K [3] The slope of the loss of the high-spinstate content DHS with the temperature...
- 8
- 453
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetic deuterium isotope effects for 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylation reactions catalyzed by human cytochromes P450 and in liver microsomes Rate-limiting C-H bond breaking in cytochrome P450 1A2 substrate oxidation pdf
... 10.6 and for P450 2E1 was 7.7 The value of these measurements lies in their comparison with the values measured in the intramolecular experiments, i.e the estimates of the intrinsic kinetic isotope ... microsomes These results indicate that the rate of C-H bond-breaking is a major factor in determining the rates of the reactions under all conditions Some shifting of the oxidations to the alternate ... due to the lower rates and the difficulty of estimating kcat and Km (Fig 3) Another possible complication is the oxidation of the product acetaldehyde by P450 2E1 [33] and the effect on the apparent...
- 9
- 314
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: The first cytochrome P450 in ferns Evidence for its involvement in phytoecdysteroid biosynthesis in Polypodium vulgare doc
... amounts of PE were able to transform E to 20E This result suggests that these calli lines lack the biosynthetic machinery required for the first steps of PE biosynthesis However, some of the enzymes ... on the dose of E applied to the calli and the incubation time This showed that levels of P450 protein measured by CO-binding spectra increased as a linear function of the E amount applied to the ... because of the lower amount of P450 in the fern microsomes Pigment extraction was carried out with Triton X-114 in the presence of boric acid, as reported previously [40] The high percentage of detergent...
- 9
- 247
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Two CCAAT/enhancer binding protein sites in the cytochrome P4503A1 locus Potencial role in the glucocorticoid response ppt
... in the response to glucocorticoids, the concurrence of the CYP3A1 and the C/EBP responsiveness was investigated in the rat liver upon synthetic glucocorticoid administration The hypothesis of ... positive effect on the steady-state levels of both the mRNA and protein levels in the liver The increase in the levels of both hepatic C/ EBPa isoforms clearly precedes induction of the CYP3A1 mRNA, ... observations of the induction of C/EBPa mRNA and protein preceding the accumulation of CYP3A1 mRNA in rat liver suggest the importance of the characterized C/EBPa promoter elements in the up-regulation of...
- 9
- 425
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Key substrate recognition residues in the active site of a plant cytochrome P450, CYP73A1 ppt
... construction of a CYP73A1 model, the identification of residues likely to form contacts with the substrate, and the confirmation by site-directed mutagenesis of the involvement of some of these residues ... hindrance to the binding of the substrate above the haem iron As expected, the I371A mutation substantially decreases CA affinity and the ability to desolvate the active site Around 10% of the catalytic ... loss of binding was also observed upon substitution of I371 with the bulky phenylalanine The insertion of a positive charge in the 371 position does not completely prevent the binding of the substrate,...
- 12
- 380
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Metabolism of N-methyl-amide by cytochrome P450s Formation and characterization of highly stable carbinol-amide intermediate pdf
... connecting M1 to M2 and to assess the factors that govern the stability of carbinol-amide and carbinol-amine, we initially computed the thermodynamics of the formation of the hydroxy metabolite via ... that the structure of the substrate has almost no inuence on the energetics of the reca2172 tions shown in Equations (1) and (2) The presence or absence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the ... HPLC separation in the presence of acids or bases In the case of metabolism of TTX and its analogs, we have shown that under such conditions rapid cleavage of the formyl moiety of the carbinol-amide...
- 12
- 353
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Cytochrome P450 metabolizing fatty acids in plants: characterization and physiological roles pptx
... of lacerata was the production of the omega-hydroxy FA constitutive of the cutin polymer matrix of the cuticle Reverse genetics approaches in Arabidopsis and potato enabled investigation of the ... involvement of other members of the CYP86 family in the synthesis of cutin and the FEBS Journal 278 (2011) 195–205 ª 2010 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS F Pinot and F Beisson other major ... between the oxiran and a polar residue of the active site The enantioselectivity of CYP94A1 for 9R,10S-epoxystearic acid supports this hypothesis The high constraints on the substrate in the active...
- 11
- 403
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: The role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in microbial fatty acid metabolism pdf
... breakdown product occurring in the soil Furthermore, branched chain fatty acids make up 80% of the fatty acid content of the Bacillus sp membranes and when the hydroxylation of these substrates was studied ... 10–17% of them display activity towards fatty acids or related structures On the one hand, these activities are linked to the degradation of fatty acids and alkanes; metabolization of these latter ... conversion of oleic acid to its diacid occurs twice as quickly as the formation of x-hydroxy oleic acid [27] Despite the in vitro evidence, there is no clear answer to the question of which role...
- 16
- 564
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: An alternative pathway of vitamin D2metabolism Cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1)-mediated conversion to 20-hydroxyvitamin D2and 17,20-dihydroxyvitamin D2 pot
... generated through other modifications of the side chain or of the A-ring [12] Cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) catalyzes the first step in steroid synthesis, the cleavage of the side chain of cholesterol ... under anesthesia The animals were housed at the vivarium of the Department of Biotestings of Bioorganic Chemistry Institute, Minsk, Belarus The experi- 2898 ments were approved by the Belarus ... 3A and Fig 3B), while the proton NMR of the 17-CH in the vitamin D2 standard at 1.32 p.p.m disappeared The shift of the 14-CH is FEBS Journal 273 (2006) 2891–2901 ª 2006 The Authors Journal compilation...
- 11
- 321
- 0
Tìm thêm: xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct phát huy những thành tựu công nghệ mới nhất được áp dụng vào công tác dạy và học ngoại ngữ mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25