the four stages of life

... finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's design Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product ... not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market research If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished ... product sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... itself both at the level of the immediate chromatin environment of the intergenic region, and also at the level of topological status of the DNA as a result of transcription of the adjacent genes ... DnaC [14] Rather the role of ATP in the reaction is to serve as a switch that controls the activity of the helicase The ATP bound form of DnaC severely inhibits the helicase activity of DnaB and ... by unwinding of this intrinsically less stable region of duplex [6] A further level of complexity arises from the fact that DnaA is a member of the AAA+ family of ATPases This class of protein...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago Among his publications are Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior, The Meaning of ... had the patience to read through the entire manuscript The deep knowledge of these scholars ranged from the history of science to contemporary biology, from the logic of argument to the logic of ... however, the aspirations of the liberals crashed upon the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament Periodically through the 1830s and 1840s, students in the new Burschenschaften (the fi rst of these...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 00:20

... article describes the findings of the first Page of 14 stage - the qualitative research which fed into the design of the questionnaire and contingent valuation The focus of the study in Vietnam ... whether they were satisfied with their current work and lifestyle, and the majority reported that they were satisfied with the current conditions The main reasons given were stability of their ... retention of doctors in rural areas This section presents the findings of the interviews, following the themes laid out in Table Motivation to join the profession Medicine is a high-ranking profession...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... years It was the mother who answered the questionnaire in 92.52% of the sample, and it was the father in 7.48% of the sample No parent in the patient group refused to participate in the study, ... questionnaire in 89.5% of the sample, it was the father in 4.57% of the sample, and it was someone else in 6.28% of the sample Distribution of all participants in terms of gender and age group ... Score, the mean is computed as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered in the Emotional, Social, and School Functioning Subscales The sequential validation procedure of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... of the time Some of the time All of the time Knee pain present at night: None of the time Some of the time All of the time Knee pain worse on movement: None of the time Some of the time All of ... practice The lack of standardisation in the choice of instruments limits the generalisability of results Furthermore, of the five instruments included in the review that were based on the views of ... measures of health and quality of life [2] Only three of the five instruments that incorporate the views of patients have been adequately evaluated for reliability and validity Of these, the Knee...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... scores of the DQOL were moderately correlated with the D-39S (except sexual functioning) and the RAND-12 Magnitudes in the correlations of all DQOL domains with the physical relevant domains of the ... among domains of the DQOL with the D-39S and the RAND-12 As described in the Introduction, because the DQOL essentially measures satisfaction and impact of diabetes treatment, whereas the D-39S measures ... discriminant validity of the DQOL against the D-39S and the RAND-12 In general, domain scores of the DQOL were moderately correlated with the D-39S (except sexual functioning) and the RAND-12 PHC and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... the ED and at the time of follow-up (FU) Another consideration is validity: the strength of the association between the candidate instrument and other relevant outcomes (construct validity) The ... correlated with the PedsQL™ total scores at FU, with the exception of caregiver missed work or school (Table 1) The negative direction of the correlation reflects that the longer the duration of fever ... analyzed by means of a paired t-test The effect size was then calculated by dividing the overall mean change in score by the standard deviation of the score at baseline As a point of reference, an...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Finally, there was no report by the patients or guardians of any lack of comprehension regarding the questions The lack of validation studies on assessment scales of the quality of life among ... individuals off treatment Therefore, the occurrence of illness implied limitations and difficulties The analysis of the Corrected Item-Total Correlation proved the satisfactory homogeneity of the instrument ... treatment on the quality of life of patients Moreover, decisions for the implementation of improvements in public healthcare may be adopted based on the impact of interventions on quality of life [1]...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... cross-cultural adaptation, the group of specialists stated that the concept of the impact of childhood cancer on the quality of life of the families used for development of the original instrument was ... Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008, 6:35 the health-related quality of life of parents/guardians The score is computed as the sum of the 20 ... illness, the assessment of the heath-related quality of life of parents and families could contribute toward their healthcare needs [3,21,22] This study presents the reliability and validity of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Comparisons to the mean scores of the other subscales within the present study to those of the previous PedsQL™ school study [3], the mean scores on the social functioning scale of both healthy ... as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered (this accounts for missing data) The physical health summary score is the same as the physical functioning subscale To create the ... summary score, the mean is computed as the sum of the items divided by the number of items answered in the emotional, social, and school functioning subscales If more than 50% of the items in a...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... development of the study question to the revision of the final manuscript Each of the four authors has made a significant contribution at each phase of the study AQLQ12+ Standardised version of the Asthma ... The results of this analysis suggest that the AQLQ12+ is valid for measuring asthma-specific quality of life in adolescents 12–17 years The similarity of the measurement properties of the AQLQ12+ ... Quality of Life Questionnaire AQLQ(S) Standardised version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire All four authors have played a major part throughout the entire study process from the development...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... QoL Quality of Life QUALEFFO Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis References Gold DT: The clinical impact of vertebral fractures: quality of life in women ... decrease of vertebra height)) One of the secondary endpoints of the clinical trial was the change in QoL, which was assessed at baseline (M0) and then every six months using the SF-36 and QUALIOST® The ... 93.3% of patients and were therefore included in the analyses of the hypothesised structure and internal consistency reliability Longitudinal data were available for 80.9% of the patients for the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... child QOL For the total sample, there were statistically significant correlations between parents' ratings of their own QOL on the SF-36 measure and their ratings of the child's QOL on the PedsQL™ ... standard of 0.70 for Cronbach's alpha coefficients for adequate internal reliability [35] Range of measurement for the PedsQL™ was determined based on the percentage of scores at the extreme of the ... psychosocial health domains Finally following on from the findings of Eiser, Eiser and Stride [22] on the effect of mother's own wellbeing on their ratings of their children's QOL, we expected that parents'...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... identified problems After the revision of the second version, the Chinese version of the FIM was finalized and to be field-tested in the current study The reports of all the steps in the translation process ... reach the value of 0.85 Discussion The current study presents the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the FIM This is also the first report of psychometric properties of ... evaluated, and the Chinese versions of the Asthma Module and the Cardiac Module are being developed [15] The objective of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... now, validation of the Japanese version has not been conducted The aim of this study was to demonstrate the reliability, validity, and feasibility of the Japanese version of the PedsQL 3.0 Cancer ... version, the interviewer was the child’s parent After the parent completed the parent proxy report separately from their child, they read out the questions for the child’s self-report and marked the ... means the patient was receiving medical treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery (n = 88; 35.9%) Off-treatment status means the patient completed all therapy by the time of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... proportions The presence of floor and ceiling effects (>25% of the respondents have the minimum and/or maximum score) was evaluated for the four subscale scores [23] The response rate of the Asthma ... guarantee the power of test, the groups of Children and Teens were combined into one group for subsequent analyses because of the small sample size of Teens (n = 9) In this study, the majority of the ... [19,20] In order to improve the assessment of the impact of asthma on the pediatric HRQOL in the context with Chinese culture, we decided to generate the Chinese version of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Asthma...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... limitations The unavailability of information on nonrespondents and investigation of only a sample from Tehran, the capital city of Iran, may limit the generalizability of the findings to other parts of ... health-related quality of life in Greek children: psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory(TM) 4.0 Generic Core Scales Quality of life research : an ... Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 2011, 20(1):31-36 24 Linguistic validation of the PedsQL - a Quality of Life...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... chemotherapy Convergent and discriminant validity was examined by correlating the scales of the Japanese version of the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module with the theoretically-predicted scales of the ... of Life Outcomes 2010, 8:38 http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/38 Page of 14 Table 4: Factorial validity of the Japanese version of the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module Child-report (n = 137, 64% of the ... Additionally, proof of the validity of our results was evidenced on several points The fixed scale-development methods of the present study ensured the content validity and the results ensured...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20