the facts just the facts

... around the center of the Earth The equator is exactly halfway between the North and South Poles, the most northern and southern points on the Earth, and the axis points the Earth spins on The Equator ... from the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea in the north to the stormy, cold waters of Cape Horn in the south The world’s longest mountain chain, the Andes, runs down the western coast, while the ... 29 LINKS Look for the purple links throughout the book Each link gives other pages where related or additional facts can be found JUST THE FACTS Each topic box presents the facts you need in...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 16:35

... PERIOD A t the beginning of the Permian period, the southern hemisphere was still in the grip of the ice age that started at the end of the Carboniferous period Once the ice age ended, the Earth ... years of the Cretaceous If this is so, then a meteorite impact could have finished them off The Yucatan impact site at the time was exactly at the other side of the world from the area of the Deccan ... cordaites, just like the Carboniferous coal forests MESOZOIC ERA The Triassic period is the first of the three periods that make up the Mesozoic era There are several theories for the mass extinction...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 16:35

... interaction between the Earth and the Moon The gravitational pull from the Moon causes the oceans to bulge in the direction of the Moon Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is ... tail A comet has three parts the nucleus, the coma, and the tail • The coma is the gassy atmosphere that surrounds the nucleus when the comet nears the Sun • The tail is the long, bright stream of ... Taurus (The Bull) Gemini (The Twins) Cancer (The Crab) Leo (The Lion) Virgo (The Virgin) Libra (The Balance) Scorpius (The Scorpion) Sagittarius (The Archer) Capricornus (The Goat) Aquarius (The...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 16:35

... promotion of the common good These commitments form the basis of a contract between the medical profession and society Society grants the profession the right to autonomy in practice and the privilege ... changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein ... MEDICINE Just the Facts NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required The authors and the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 22:20

... implore, ‘ Just the facts, ma’am, just the facts. ’’ Our textbook, Just the Facts in Emergency Medicine, aims to provide just that for emergency physicians who are studying for either the written ... pertinent to the clinical care of the patient in the emergency department Each chapter in Just the Facts in Emergency Medicine emphasizes the key points in the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, ... taking the recertification exam may find a snack table and coffee at the back of the room However, you must consume these nourishments at the back tables and may not bring them with you to the table...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... examine whether the ventilatory response is appropriate If the decrease in the PCO2 equals the decrease in the [HCO3Ϫ], there is appropriate respiratory compensation If the decrease in the PCO2 ... disrupt the entire sympathetic chain Injuries between T1 to L3 may result in partial sympathetic disruption; the lower the injury, the less effects on the sympathetic nervous system • The symptoms ... through the skin Alternatively, the hook is pushed out through the skin, the barb is cut off, and the hook is then pulled back Whichever method is used, the skin around the hook should be anesthetized...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... flow, such as the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobe and the superior segment of the lower lobe of the lung, the renal cortex, the meninges, the epiphyses of long bones, and the vertebrae.3 ... performed • Coins in the esophagus lie in the frontal plane with the flat side visible on the anteroposterior view Coins in the trachea lie in the sagittal plane and are visible on end, on the anteroposterior ... is the optimal therapy for an acute arterial embolism causing limbthreatening ischemia Catheter embolectomy has been the choice technique for removal of clot ever since the development of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Sometimes there is a history of trauma and sometimes there is no event at all but the child refuses to use the arm • The patient holds the arm close to the body, flexed at the elbow with the forearm ... columnar epithelium and connect with the nasopharynx via narrow ostia • Resistance to infection depends on the patency of the ostia, the function of the ciliary mechanism, and the quality of the secretions ... To reduce the injury, one hand should be held over the child’s radial head and the other hand should hold the child’s hand Then, simultaneously, the physician should press down on the radial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... bloodstream during the feeding of the female anopheline mosquito; they travel directly to the liver, where they invade hepatic parenchymal cells (exoerythrocytic stage) In the liver, the parasites ... single-stranded RNA viruses of the orthomyxovirus family • Following exposure, the virus enters the columnar cells of the respiratory tract epithelium The invaded epithelial cells release large ... administered only once at the outset of therapy The dose is 20 IU/kg, with half the dose (based upon tissue volume constraints) infiltrated locally at the exposure site and the remainder administered...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... failure, and other neurologic effects • The effects of the envenomation depend on the size and species of the snake, the age and size of the victim, the time elapsed since the bite, and the characteristics ... In general the shorter the interval between the sting and the onset of symptoms, the more severe the reaction Initial symptoms usually consist of itching eyes, urticaria, and cough As the reaction ... KISSING BUG • The Triatoma genus, commonly known as the kissing bug, is found mainly in the southeastern and Pacific Coast regions of the United States These insects feed on blood and attack the exposed...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Irreversible injury usually occurs at the center of the ischemic region while the periphery (the penumbra) has a degree of reversible injury The damage also depends on the degree and duration of occlusion ... tissue through the tentorium • The uncal herniation syndrome is due to the herniation of medial temporal lobe tissue through the tentorial notch In the usual scenario, stretching of the ipsilateral ... Entrapment of the deep peroneal nerve at the fibular head can cause footdrop and numbness of the web space between the great and second toes • This condition occurs in the setting of injury to the leg,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... • There are 27 bones in the hand: 14 phalanxes, metacarpals, and carpals • The intrinsic muscles of the hand are those that originate and insert within the hand These are the thenar and hypothenar ... fracture is the most serious of carpal fractures since the lunate occupies two-thirds of the articular surface of the radius There is tenderness at the lunate fossa just distal to the rim of the radius, ... accomplished by placing the physician’s thumb on the radial head and the other hand on the patient’s wrist The physician fully supinates the patient’s forearm and then fully flexes the elbow • Recurrent...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Orientation of the ultrasound image is as follows: (1) the skin-transducer interface is at the top of the image and (2) the marker on the transducer always points to the left side of the screen as ... behavior from the ED These include the following: (a) the patient must not be imminently suicidal; (b) the patient must be medically stable; (c) the patient and parents agree to return to the ED if ... pain along the radial aspect of the wrist, which extends into the forearm Finkelstein’s test (pain elicited with passive stretch of the tendons by placing the thumb within the palm of the hand...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... (cognitive) Obtain the history from the parent while the child is drawing When the child completes the task, offer praise and a book, further occupying the child and generating trust Note the child’s ... early in the encounter, it is usually prudent to elicit the current complaint, then to start with the cardiac and lung examination, finishing the complete history during the remainder of the examination ... How is any sibling reacting to the baby? Have they been able to obtain everything for the child? What are the mother’s plans for work/daycare? What advice has the mother been getting? Assess for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... to the mask with the middle finger; not have fingers on soft tissues of the neck Supporting the chin also elevates the angle of the jaw, bringing the tongue forward, and opening the airway The ... holds the mask on the face and opens the airway while the other squeezes the bag If an oxygen source is available, the bag should be attached to it so as to provide oxygen to the patient Check ... heel of one hand over the lower half of the sternum, between the nipple line For children older than years old, use the heel of one hand, with the other hand on top of it Check the femoral pulse...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... be isolated from other patients If the infant does not have lesions, isolation from the mother is recommended until the child either becomes symptomatic or the mother is beyond the contagious period ... exist as to whether or not the mother should receive intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis This combined information can then be used to tailor the approach to evaluation and therapy of the asymptomatic ... Drug susceptibilities of the organism recovered from the mother and infant should be determined and therapy should be adjusted as necessary f Determination of the length of therapy is dependent on...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and the valve leaflets can be thickened and dysplastic • Whatever the level of obstruction, the narrower the outflow from the right ventricle, the higher the RV pressure and the greater the compensatory ... • The history is paramount to establishing the diagnosis Identify the food suspected and the quantity ingested Also identify the symptoms of the reaction and when they last occurred Focus on the ... along the path of outflow, from the base of the heart to the lungs • With mild-to-moderate valvular pulmonic stenosis, there is usually a systolic ejection click at the outset of the murmur • The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... Brickman EMBRYOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND • The thyroid may be first identified in the 17-day embryo The main portion of this gland arises as a thickening in the epithelium of the anterior pharyngeal ... position in the lower part of the anterior neck The gland descends along a duct which maintains its connection to the pharynx (the thyroglossal duct) Early in the 7th week of gestation the lateral ... PHYSIOLOGY • The adrenal is made up of two parts, the cortex and the medulla The adrenal cortex has three distinct zones: the zona glomerulosa, responsible for the production of mineralocorticoids; the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... • The first letters of the above features led initially to the use of the term CATCH-22 to describe the disorder Certainly any child with one or more of these findings should be tested for the ... which can cloud the picture If there is no response seen to the therapeutic iron trial after month (and noncompliance and acute illness have been ruled out) then further assessment of the anemia should ... cases the recurrence risk is 1% in future pregnancies Translocation cases occur The genetic principles are the same in these cases as for Down syndrome See the discussion of that disorder for further...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... appear on the lips, on the gingival, on the anterior tongue, and on the hard palate; they may also spread around the lips and on the chin The gingival are usually swollen, ulcerated, and erythematous ... antibiotic(s) should be given Otherwise, the initial empiric therapy should be decided by the age of the patient and the known local susceptibilities of the pathogens In neonates, the combination of cefotaxime ... be present in the folds of the joints (Pastia’s lines) or other parts of the extremities • Early in the illness, the dorsum of the tongue may have a white coating, through which the papillae protrude...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21