the evolution of complex societies in the indus valley

... because of the alternative costs of verifying “each sack of purchased flour” and of employing “persons in devising methods of detecting the new modes of adulteration which might be continually ... on the investment of acquiring new customers There might also be benefits from the change in the long-term behaviour (e.g increased loyalty) of existing customers The problem of asymmetric information ... be shrinking over time (due to the increasing cost of time and memory in the mt The household production function) Thus there is a tendency that nt rest of the quality characteristics of the product...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... to the people of the region even in 1800 Buchanan had made an extensive survey of the area in 1800 at the direction of the East India Company and the type of fence being used in the fields by the ... the grassland and the dormant, grazed tussocks begin sprouting, giving the first flush of the grass crop The bulk of the rain in the grassland is received during the retreating north-east monsoon ... undergoing sterilization (mostly the females) irrespective of the sex of the child This is in contrast with the scenario in most parts of India, or the male dominated society elsewhere in the world,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... in saline at 37°C, washed × in saline and × in RPMI1640 containing 100 µg/ml penicillin and 100 U/ml streptomycin Worms were incubated with 10% gentamicin for 20 and then washed a further × in ... taxa to the Strongylida are members of the Rhabditina, including C elegans, and both are grouped in Clade V of the Nematoda, on the basis of small subunit rRNA sequence analysis [48] The set of 742 ... [58] In the case of the globins, conversion to the secretory pathway (as well as gene multiplication) may be interpreted as a physiological adaptation to the environment within the Similar findings...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... Molecular evolution of the B-clade env sequences in the Italian epidemic The biological relevance of genetic variations in the env gene is due to the central role of the envelope protein in the virus-host ... distribution in the HIV-1 sequences identified during the Italian epidemic, with the exception of the T-to-A22 substitution (within the tip of the loop) which is prevalent in the isolates identified in the ... rather found inter-dispersed in the sub-clusters This is likely due to the fact that the majority of the samples have been identified in Italy during overlapping periods in the early 90's The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... test single interventions, such as the benefits of a drug compared to placebo and although the principles underlying the testing of a more complex intervention are the same, particular theoretical ... implement the protocol Blinding Blinding should be possible Blinding of the intervention is likely to be difficult or impossible, and may not be desirable if the intention is to determine the best ... where the tidal volume is determined by the treating clinician would resolve this concern This allows those performing the study and clinicians reading the results to determine whether the new intervention...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... work is one of generalizeablity, since the patient population consisted of young, otherwise healthy men suffering primarily penetrating injuries from combat trauma Whether these findings translate ... the emergency department with a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg had already lost 67% of their blood volume [6] Preventing the development of profound and often refractory coagulopathy in these ... after the institution of an early goal directed therapy protocol calling for a 1:1 ratio of plasma to RBCs within the first hours of injury [10] Sperry and colleagues retrospectively examined...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... adults The enlarging body of the female, which remains sedentary for the remainder of the life cycle, breaks through the root cortex into the rhizosphere Males regain motility and leave the root to ... power In particular, we examined whether the biochemistry underpinning the developmentally arrested, infective J2 stage of H glycines is functionally analogous to that of the dauer stage in C ... amongst the significant open reading frame (ORF) found in the translation We kept, as representative of each contig, the single longest aligning ORF that contained an InterPro domain, even though InterProScan...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... overlapping DNA binding specificities, then a single site can evolve to bind both TFs As the evolution of these sites relies on the functional similarity of the paralogs, it is debatable whether these ... could be underestimating the rate of HGT for these genes As in the case of crp, these global regulators often have conserved context, so insertion of a xenolog and loss of the original gene appears ... duplications within the E coli lineage For the duplicated TFs, we examined whether they regulate the same genes as their duplicates For the HGT regulators, we examined whether they were co-transferred...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... Selenoproteins are found in a variety of phyla within all three lines of descent of life The number of genomes encoding selenoproteins is indicated (‘selenogenomes’) together with the total number of ... domain within the elongation factor In eukaryotes, the SECIS element is in the 3’ untranslated region of the gene and the SECIS-binding protein is encoded by a separate gene (SBP2, reviewed in ... 88% of the selenoprotein genes falling into one of three families SelW-like, peroxiredoxin or proline reductase The remaining 12% of genes were spread over 22 families cannot be cultured in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... problematic mainly because there is no agreement within the EEG research field regarding the exact nature of the information carried within the EEG waveform, including the exact meaning of ERP peak latencies ... variety of physiological changes occurring in the aging brain, including myelin degeneration, a decrease in the selectivity of neuronal responses and a reduced efficiency of cortical networks There ... been the subject of a considerable body of prior research, which is reviewed in the following section 1.3 OBJECT (FACE) PROCESSING IN THE PRIMATE VISUAL SYSTEM The processing of objects begins in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 20:09

... researches, this integrative method has the advantage of reducing the difficulty in identifying a dominant logic and increasing the accuracy of excavating or deducing the dominant logic Previously, ... similar mindsets as the CEO during the project Using informants of similar or different mindsets with the CEO, I minimized the potential bias of “dominant voices” in the case reporting (Myers ... managers (including the CEO) of the project team Except for the information on the recent developments of the project, most data collected was a triangulation of the emergent information during interviews...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... way through the principles of its faith In this case, the banking system must adhere to the principles outlined in the Qur’an and Sunnah pertaining to the business and trade practices of a good ... stringent social hierarchy Many aspects of Hindu statecraft continued to be influential following the introduction of Islam into the Malay states, which began in the 13th Century In this Hindu-Islamic ... was steadily increased Coinciding with the increased importance of merchants was the introduction of modern banks These institutions were largely focused upon facilitating the finance of new enterprises,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2015, 13:54

... [6] M Dalrymple The interpretation of tense and aspect in English Proceedings of the ACL, 1988 [7] D Davidson The logical form of action sentences In N Rescher (ed), The Logic of Decision and ... leave in two hours and Sue reached the top in two hours) Given that the aspectual type and tense of the verb, along with the presence of adverbials and common sense knowledge all interact in the interpretation ... further interpret these relations Representing the embedded clause as an additional argument to the predicate representing the matrix clause (e.g., [5]), or representing the relation as a binary...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... located mainly in the southern part of Tanzania in the Mbinga District of Ruvuma Region EACMCV[TZ7], the close relative of EACMCV-[TZ1], was found only in one sample in the same district of Mbinga ... localizationinlay map of Tanzania showingsimilar to these clones Map of mapping [13] Map of the location of the different types of viruses present in Africa and inlay map of Tanzania showing the location ... investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava plants in the fields showed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... located mainly in the southern part of Tanzania in the Mbinga District of Ruvuma Region EACMCV[TZ7], the close relative of EACMCV-[TZ1], was found only in one sample in the same district of Mbinga ... localizationinlay map of Tanzania showingsimilar to these clones Map of mapping [13] Map of the location of the different types of viruses present in Africa and inlay map of Tanzania showing the location ... investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava plants in the fields showed...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... in DNA binding [9,11] No positive selection was observed for the poorly mapped carboxy-terminal DNA-binding domain in our slidingwindow analysis, suggesting either that this DNA-binding domain ... nonspecific binding of nucleosome cores to DNA, 14 DNA contacts are made by arginines binding to the minor groove [50] This suggests that the weak DNA binding of the carboxyl terminus of CENP-C ... much of their histone-fold domains We therefore used the sliding-window function of K-estimator to scan through the coding sequences using 99 bp windows every 33 bp in an effort to find regions of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... Separation of the digits in vertebrates involves programmed cell death of the interdigital mesenchyme While this occurs in the bat hindlimb, it is inhibited in the forelimb, resulting in the development ... confirm the late eruption of the permanent dentition in these animals http://jbiol.com/content/7/3/9 Although the study of the genetics and developmental biology of the Afrotheria is in its infancy, ... from human pathologies [31] The genetic hypotheses proposed for the Afrotheria and other mammals are only the beginning; in the future, an increased understanding of how regulatory changes alter...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... concerning their environment An interconnection exists between physics and psychology of hearing Blowing of the wind, sea waves, birds singing are more than audible sounds; they have the ability ... reasoning However other researchers have investigated the effect with conflicting outcomes [35] The above results highlight the difficulty of comprehending music influences in human brain, particularly ... arousing Disclosing personal information is beneficial both from a physiologic and physical point of view Jensen [15] examined the effect of music in 85 students within a disclosure setting The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:23

... [75] The northern strains showed higher frequency of (Thr-Gly)17 compared to the southern strains, while the frequency of (Thr-Gly)20 was higher in the southern strains than in northern strains ... elements in the feedback loops, as their binding brings about conformational changes in the protein structures of the transcriptional activators, in a manner that they can no longer bind to the promoter ... composition of the competing strains Values in the parenthesis indicate the free-running period of the cyanobacterial strains (Figure modified after Ouyang et al, 1998 [6]) important for the adaptive evolution...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... Similarly, the uptake of the intervention depends on the responsiveness of those receiving it The authors of the framework suggest that the moderators have complex relationships to each other and to the ... is informed by letter that the individual is participating in the research project Information is given regarding content of the project, i.e., the role of the case manager, and her contact information ... conducting longitudinal research of change processes [17,19] Descriptions of the cases, i.e., interventions All three interventions are complex in nature, including several active ingredients In...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23