the evidence based imaging process

... the sensitivity and the specificity of the imaging test The third step is to incorporate the physician into the evaluation of the imaging intervention by evaluating the effect of the use of the ... other Using the bull’s-eye analogy, the larger the sample size, the less the random error and the larger the chance of hitting the center of the target (Fig. 2.1) Systematic error, on the other ... quantification of the strength of the evidence, and then continues with detailed examination of the supporting evidence At the end of the chapter, the reader will find the take-home tables and imaging...

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 23:55

... of their evidence- based programs for consideration, and in another years, in 2002, Sinnissippi was the recipient of the Codman Award The protocols and suggestions for implementing evidence- based ... applicants for the award is either in applying evidence- based treatments or collecting evidence on their own treatment protocols to determine their effectiveness These agencies, as well as other treatment ... practice, we review the history of evidence- based treatment and discuss the reasons why evidence- based practice has come to the forefront at this time EARLY BEGINNINGS Evidence- based treatment had...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 02:20

... defining the sensitivity and the specificity of the imaging test The third step is to incorporate the physician into the evaluation of the imaging intervention Chapter Principles of Evidence- Based Imaging ... each other Using the bull’s-eye analogy, the larger the sample size, the less the random error and the larger the chance of hitting the center of the target (Fig 2.1) Systematic error, on the other ... quantification of the strength of the evidence, and then continues with detailed examination of the supporting evidence At the end of the chapter, the reader will find the takehome tables and imaging case...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... new process Companies have called their safety improvement efforts the employee safety process (ESP), the safe acts process, the positive safety process, the continuous incident prevention process, ... protective equipment At the end of the year, however, these employees all get the same safety award In fact, the likelihood of getting the award is roughly the same as the likelihood of getting ... positive feedback The overuse of punishment has several further disadvantages, whether in the home, the schools, or the workplace Among these, punishment * * * * * * must be either severe or highly...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 02:20

... defining the sensitivity and the specificity of the imaging test The third step is to incorporate the physician into the evaluation of the imaging intervention Chapter Principles of Evidence- Based Imaging ... each other Using the bull’s-eye analogy, the larger the sample size, the less the random error and the larger the chance of hitting the center of the target (Fig 2.1) Systematic error, on the other ... quantification of the strength of the evidence, and then continues with detailed examination of the supporting evidence At the end of the chapter, the reader will find the takehome tables and imaging case...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... cancer There is no strong evidence to suggest that the addition of other diagnostic tests, such as MRS, perfusion MR, PET, or SPECT, improves either the cost-effectiveness or the outcome in the ... alternatives The improvement must be attainable outside the investigational settings With the exception of the first criterion, the reviewers concluded that the available evidence on 1H MRS in the evaluation ... angle the probe left and right to image the two sides of the gland independently With the probe imaging in the sagittal plane, the midsagittal view should be accompanied by views produced with the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... seizures and by the cost of the exam The cost for an MRI of the brain in the U.S is between $1200 and $2000 (16) Therefore, the CT and MRI workup expenses of new-onset seizures in the U.S is between ... Summary of Evidence: Magnetic resonance imaging is the neuroimaging study of choice in the workup of first unprovoked seizures (moderate evidence) Neuroimaging is positive in 3% to 38% of cases The probability ... patients Goals The main goal of the neuroimaging in seizures and epilepsy is to rule out focal lesions that could threaten the patient’s life Neuroimaging also allows the identification of the structural...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... Undergo Imaging in the Acute Setting? Summary of Evidence: The need for acute imaging is generally based on the severity of injury It is agreed that severe TBI (based on GCS score) indicates the ... Immediate Treatment/Surgery? Summary of Evidence: Computed tomography is the mainstay of imaging in the acute period The majority of evidence relates to the use of CT for detecting injuries that ... (moderate evidence) , such as the splenium of the corpus callosum (52,53) There has been insufficient evidence regarding the sensitivity of multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI),...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... specificity)) Similarly, the LR for a negative test is ((1 - sensitivity)/specificity) The larger the LR, the better the test is for ruling-in a diagnosis; conversely, the smaller the LR, the better it is ... dependent on the selected reference standard Studies incorporating CT as the reference Chapter 17 Imaging of the Spine in Victims of Trauma Figure 17.1 Evidence- based decision tree for imaging of the ... the MR imaging to rapid MR In a decision model created for a hypothetical cohort of primary care patients referred to exclude cancer as the etiology of their back pain, they also found that there...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... a catheter -based intervention is likely, then a catheter -based imaging study is often warranted as the initial imaging study On the other hand, if a surgical intervention is likely, then a less ... diagnostic angiography, the basic tenets of the field have changed little in the past 20 years Thus, there is an extensive body of literature based on catheter -based imaging With the advent of multidetector ... in their potential roles in the evaluation of heart disease Goals The goals of imaging related to CAD are based on the a priori risk to the patient In a low-risk population, the goals of imaging...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... evidence) to level III (limited evidence) Therefore, comparison of these values between imaging modalities must be done with caution because of the heterogeneity in evidence strength All of the ... present in the perfusion scan Chapter 22 Imaging in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism Protocols Based on the Evidence The following protocols are employed at Johns Hopkins Hospital based on ... attenuation) The imaging strategy for the further evaluation of small solid pulmonary nodules in the absence of a known primary malignancy is based on nodule diameter (moderate evidence) ᭿ For...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... appropriate therapy without further investigations If the ultrasonography findings are normal and the clinical suspicion is low, the patient should have no further imaging performed If the ultrasonography ... (2,3,94) (limited evidence) These intussusceptions are typically transient and, since the children are asymptomatic, they are of no known clinical significance There is little evidence in the literature ... What is the best imaging strategy for the diagnosis of chronic calculous cholecystitis? A Ultrasonography B Cholescintigraphy C Imaging strategy IV What is the best imaging strategy for the diagnosis...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... What Is the Role of Imaging? Summary of Evidence: There is marked heterogeneity in the available evidence for screening in the asymptomatic population with limited to moderate evidence The specificities ... Although all these studies compared MRI with CT, the results of some support CT as the imaging modality of choice (66,67), others support MRI as the imaging modality of choice (69,71), and yet others ... (moderate evidence) Plain film should be used to follow the descent of stones along the ureter (moderate evidence) For the pregnant patient with a suspected renal stone, there is insufficient evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 01:22

... represents the three cognitive variables that the theory suggests will predict the intention, which is the precursor of behaviour Because this process evaluation was conducted at the end of the intervention ... pressure, the target is the patient; the action is taking the blood pressure reading; the context is the clinical consultation; and the time may be expressed in terms of frequency (e.g., every time the ... patients' involvement in the management of their condition The authors declare that they have no competing interests Conclusion This theory -based process evaluation of the DREAM trial explored...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

... methodologies These organizations recognize that specific patient care decisions are the prerogative of the patient and the physician caring for the patient, based on all of the circumstances involved evidence ... These general principles are not evidenced -based, but are the foundation of a practical approach to treating the patient with acute migraine The general principles are: § engage patients in their ... part of diagnosing migraine, the physician excludes any secondary causes of the patient’s headache In addition, the physician determines whether the patient has other coexisting primary headache...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 12:20

... However, these recommendations are likely to change with the availability of more clinical evidence in the future On the other hand, although it has been found that corticosteroids reduced the risk ... despite the use of combination chemotherapy regimens that otherwise have more than 95% efficacy in new sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB cases The poor outcomes are often attributed to the development ... of these 11 trials had used rifampicin -based regimens Of the two trials that used rifampicin -based regimens, one was a fairly larger one with 530 sputum smearpositive patients conducted at the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... the Quality Chasm (2001) In the face of the growing awareness generated about the nature and implications of the gap between healthcare practice and the evidence base, the IOM Roundtable on Evidence- Based ... nurses These environments provide at least five evidence services: evidence selection, evidence synthesis, evidence in context, evidence management, and evidence literacy training Collaborative evidence ... particular, the individual contributors who donated their valuable time and insights to the scientific program through their presentations and through their efforts to further develop the content into the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:20

... vention, the evidence- base on different interventions is a key component of the support systems Synthesis of the Evidence- Base for Preventive Interventions and Decision-Making The evidence- based ... effective The starting point for the traditional evidence- based approach, therefore, is the searching for and collation of the scientific evidence on a given intervention Questions concerning the intervention ... methods, there is no conclusive evidence on the relative merits of the various methods of occlusal reconstruction, or the superiority of one occlusal scheme over another [82] Neither is there any evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 12:21