the entropy of black holes

... proportional to the area of the horizon measured in units of Newton’s constant However, for this black hole, the area of the horizon is the same as the area of the box A, i.e the right-hand side of Equation ... quantity that will not vary with the continuous parameters of the system, we can take the size of the S to be much larger than the size of the K3 Then the physics of the wrapped branes looks like ... a black hole In fact, if the hole has mass M , the order of magnitude of the density required of the matter is ρ∼ M ∼ Rs M (4) Thus, a black hole of the kind believed to exist at the center of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:30

... travail of souls whose burden is almost beyond the measure of their strength, but who bear it in the name of an historic race, in the name of this the land of their fathers' fathers, and in the name ... suffering, the overseeing of the beginnings of free labor, the buying and selling of land, the establishment of schools, the paying of bounties, the administration of justice, and the financiering of ... is the problem of the color-line, the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea It was a phase of this problem that caused the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 03:20

... trade and since the development of antibiotic resistance has become a matter of growing concern One of the alternatives to antimicrobials in disease control could be the use of probiotic bacteria ... activities of their secondary metabolites (Kim et al., 2001; Jock et al., 2002) In vitro production of inhibitory compounds toward known pathogens for the considered species has often been used in the ... Each of the strain was examined with the basic biochemical tests API 20E (bioMârieux) API CHB Medium and API 50 CH strips were used to study the metabolites of 49 different carbon sources The...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 19:20

... bound on the entropy is equal to the entropy of a static BMPV black hole of the same total mass for any value of the angular momentum Following this, I provide a detailed analysis of the configurations ... interested in higher dimensional black holes · · 1.1.2 New features of D = black holes · · 1.1.3 Phases of D = vacuum black holes · · Black holes of D = supergravity ... Saturn 1.1.3 Phases of D = vacuum black holes A scatter-plot sampling of the parameter space of the exact solutions in [30] shows regions of the phase diagram where black Saturns are the entropically...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 12:00

... two fields in the set is a linear combination of other fields in the set — then the integral curves of these vector fields “fit together” to describe submanifolds of the manifold on which they are all ... the figures There are different curves V (r) for different values of L; for any one of these curves, the behavior of the orbit can be judged by comparing the E to V (r) The general behavior of the ... world black holes aren’t truly black — they radiate energy as if they were a blackbody of temperature T = h/8πkGM, where M is ¯ the mass of the hole and k is Boltzmann’s constant The derivation of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:20

... in the biosphere, it is generally recognized that the origin of life is one of the great unsolved mysteries in science (Radetsky1992; Wade 2000) At the heart of this mystery is the generation of ... how living systems are able to sustain themselves against the downward pull of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and how thermodynamics affects the origin of information-rich, living systems Finally, ... storage, replication, and metabolism Then we will explore the concept of entropy and its ubiquitous increase in nature, usually called the Second Law of Thermodynamics This will allow us to understand...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... luminosity Furthermore the existence of a thermal behavior in the vicinity of the horizon follows from the equivalence principle as shown in the fundamental paper of Unruh Why then should any of these ... continuous In other words, the mathematical identification of the boundaries of A and B’ must respect the continuity of the variable r Black Holes, Information, and the String Theory Revolution ... PART Black Holes and Quantum Mechanics Chapter The Schwarzschild Black Hole Before beginning the study of the quantum theory of black holes, one must first become thoroughly familiar with the geometry...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 13:57

... pricing on their loans along with the risk profile The nominal interest rate of the loan is one of the loan characteristics recorded in the STBL The respondent banks also indicate whether the interest ... the identity and location of the institution, the date the institution received TARP funds, and the amount of the funds received None of the banks which we identified as “non-TARP” banks as of ... U.S.A The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... partition P (h) of M More precisely, the boundary of P (h) is formed by the image in M of ˜ – parts of the S k,m (h) = Φ−1 (S k,m (0)); – the boundary of D(h) The boundary of the new partition ... · · ∩ g −n Pαn ) The existence of the limit, and the fact that it coincides with the inf follow from a subadditivity argument The entropy of ν0 with respect to the action of the geodesic flow ... following data: (i) the intervals (Ik )0≤k≤ N/n1 , (ii) the restriction of C to the union of the Ik s, (iii) the values of C outside the Ik s Let us count in each case the number of possibilities:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... realm of Erebus, son of Chaos and brother of Night All insist on the color black for the dwelling place of the dead 33 The Bear, a Wild Animal For the Romans, the bear was the strongest of all ... Egypt, black was linked to the fecund aspect of the earth During funerals, it ensured the passage of the deceased to the beyond It was a beneficial black, the sign or promise of rebirth Most of the ... 7/11/08 8:58 AM Page 30 s the color of night and darkness, as the color of the bowels of the earth and the underground world, black is also the color of death From the Neolithic, black stones were associated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:12

... bodies moved through the ether without disturbing its state of rest; so also the earth and the sun The question arose whether the speed of the earth through the ether – the absolute speed, as ... obtain the familiar energy balance of classical mechanics: The rate of change of the kinetic energy m dx1 2 ( dt ) equals the power of the force Special relativity – the theory of frames of reference ... to the square of the current In the course of those studies Joule conceived the idea that there might be a relation between the heating of the current and the mechanical power needed to turn the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:42

... black hole The station is a circular tube centered exactly on the path of the circular ray so that the axis of the tube and the path of the ray coincide The astronauts know that the axis of the ... be unsound Thus, the largest block of problem states is not in the ềrust beltể of the North, nor in the high-trac regions of the Northeast and Southwest, but rather in the southeastern U.S [see ... circular because Bob has measured the curvature of the walls along the length of the tube using straight rulers Yet because of the bending of the light rays, they see the tube as perfectly straight!...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 14:49

... the Depression They were thus less likely to spend their limited funds on entertainment outside the home Many of the southern theaters, which formed the TOBA, closed their doors The rise of the ... the production as the Movie Event of a Generation,” the story of two families—one white (the Herlihys) and one black (the Taylors) According to the network, the story of these families is the ... This rhetoric adds to the mythology of the era and the nostalgic recuperation of the moment However, what often slips in the embrace of the notion of objectivity is the role of interpretation, something...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:07

... influence the amplitude of COP variability even in the absence of a changing attentional demand [9,11] Whether the mechanical influence of vocalization extends to the temporal structure of COP variability ... value to lower the effective sampling frequency of the algorithm from 100 Hz to 10 Hz, thereby reducing the influence of extraneous noise in the data As a necessary component of nonlinear dynamics ... (1) The Cim (r ) values measure (within the tolerance r) the regularity of patterns similar to a given pattern of window length m The fourth step is to define Φm(r) as the average value of ln...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... state -of -the- art network inference algorithms Section contains the description of the synthetic data generator, the description of the real data setting, and the related discussions of the results ... impact of the inference algorithm, and the influence of sample and network size The section concludes with the identification of the best combination of inference algorithm and estimator Impact of the ... [10] The paper presented an experimental study of the influence of the information measure and the estimator on the quality of the inferred interaction network The study concerned both synthetic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... happen in the stomach By inserting foodstuffs into the small intestine he showed that the major part of the digestion takes place there, under the influence of the secretions of the pancreas, the large ... however, the fact that the Gibbs relation is a relation for a body at rest: The heating consists of the non-convective part of the energy flux and the internal energy is the non-convective part of the ... the energy The power, or working of the force dG has no place in the Gibbs equation therefore, or it should not have Also, the heating of a body in the Gibbs equation is the integral of the heat...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... observation of the wavy line of the proper motion of the bright star Sirius Therefore, ironically, the first white dwarf entered the literature as the dark companion of Sirius, also called Sirius B The ... that the dimension of the determinant increases rapidly with N: For N = 10 we have 286 columns and rows, while for N = 43 we have 15180 of them But then, the calculation of the elements of the ... Onsager’s theorem Physicists have a way to quickly become very defensive of Onsager when challenged, probably because of the precariousness of the proof of the theorem, or because they not understand...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... put them on a carousel with the axis of rotation coinciding with the axes of the cylinders Then the paths of the atoms are curved by the Coriolis force so that there is a heat flux through the ... and focus the attention on a small volume element of the dimension of the mean free path of the atoms There is a radial temperature gradient, see Fig 8.4 The atoms at the bottom of the element ... consistent thermodynamic scheme Neither Fourier, nor Navier, or Stokes had made use of thermodynamic arguments, or of the Gibbs equation, nor did they need them They proposed their laws on the basis of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21