... components ofthe economy at Birimi, a settlement close to the northern edge ofthe West African forest in modern Ghana This was an outlier ofthe Kintampo culture whose other sites, further south in the ... while others moved more quickly up the main waterways until, at about 1000 bc, they reached the eastern edge ofthe equatorial forest in the broad area ofthe great East African lakes There they ... fatal to cattle By the first half ofthe second millennium bc, cattle were herded close to the top ofthe Niger bend and on the southern shores of Lake Chad Shortly afterwards, the first strong archaeological...
... jostling of matter What makes the living cell profoundly different from ordinary inorganic matter is the way in which each reaction is coordinated with all the others for the good ofthewhole There ... precisely in the intrinsic functional correlations among the parts ofthe organism But if they this, then they must also admit that they have merely assumed the very functional organization that they ... between events in the cell were the direct result ofthe minimization of energy due to tight thermodynamic coupling, then it would make no sense to speak of their occurring on the basis of information...
... created the army, they began the reconquest ofthe Moorish parts of Spain in 1482 About the same time, they petitioned Pope Sixtus IV of Rome to start the Inquisition as a way of protecting themselves ... understood as in the realm of God, of religion and metaphysics On the other hand, there is the knowledge ofthe universe, of what humans can discover and comprehend through their own efforts The dialectic ... chronically complain ofthe lack of time and energy they have to actually think about the long-term consequences of their actions and the real futures of their organizations However, if an organization's...
... benefited from the comments and suggestions ofthe participants ofthe workshop ‘Economic Theory and the Practice of Consumption: Evolutionary and other Approaches’, organised by the University of Cassino ... analysing the shape ofthe growth pattern ofthe quantity of cinema consumed and expenditure on cinema The time ofthe take-off will be estimated quantitatively (and its timing compared with the qualitative ... innovations, the idea of cinema preceded the invention itself It is difficult to give an exact date to theemergenceofthe idea, or concept of cinema, but the first projection of moving images...
... regulatory role All of these initiatives have furthered the prominence of risk discourses and the promotion of riskbased thinking in government However, theemergenceof ideas about risk in the regulatory ... theemergenceof risk based approaches, the 1990s and beyond have witnessed an environment favourable to the development of them The UK in the 1990s and onwards has witnessed a reframing ofthe ... assessments (CCA) both of which gained currency in Europe and the US during the late 1980s/ 1990s These techniques are part ofthe changes associated with the NPM and they form the basis of much risk-based...
... on the well-being and development of people within the organisation to stressing the well-being and development ofthe organisation itself at the other extreme Another value dimension which they ... how the alignment between the organisational culture elements which were embedded within the MAS and the organisational outlook of two MAS user groups influenced their perception ofthe success of ... a role in the design and implementation ofthe PBTC system The next section discusses the questionnaire results and their implications for the hypotheses being tested in the light ofthe qualitative...
... TheEmergenceof Cultural Studies and the Crisis ofthe Humanities STUART HALL If I address the crisis ofthe humanities in the face ofthe problem of social technology, I want to so first of ... existence there Nevertheless, Leavis saw himself committed to the project of tending the health ofthe language and the national culture, of nurturing the refined sensibilities of that small company of ... to culture - was one side oftheThe Emergenceof Cultural Studies and the Crisis ofthe Humanities 15 coin; the depth of his engagement with cultural questions was the other As his neophytes, albeit...
... in the vicinity of Mecca Frequently, too, they stem from the scholars desire to assert the primacy of either Judaism or Christianity as the form of monotheism that inuenced theemergenceof Islam ... stereotypical monotheist theme and conrms that the Koran reects the condition ofthe Hijaz at the time ofthe Prophet.9 The traã dition interprets the Koran, the Koran documents the tradition We ... also in other genres of Muslim liter ature: lives ofthe Prophet, collections of material on the life and religion ofthe jahiliyya, collections ofthe sayings ofthe Prophet (hadths), and other...
... demanded the specification ofthe probability of any hypothesis in the light ofthe available empirical evidence The honesty of na¨ve falsificationism demanded the testing ofthe falsifiable and the ... in the fortunes of religion and the increase in the fortunes of science has often encouraged the assumption that the abandonment of religion in favour of science was the inevitable outcome ofthe ... memoirs ofthe Family ofthe Wrens; viz Of Mathew Bishop of Ely, Christopher Dean of Windsor, &c but chiefly of Sir Christopher Wren, late Surveyor-General ofthe Royal Buildings, President of the...
... for the most part during the first half ofthe twentieth century and that form to this day the core of our understanding ofthe brains functional organization The neuron doctrine (the cell theory ... part ofthe so-called Aryanization (Arisierung) of property, a purportedly legal form of theft From the time of my fathers release from prison in the middle of November 1938 until he and my mother ... professor of English literature at the University of California, San Diego He served as the first head ofthe National Endowment for the Humanities, in the Nixon administration At the urging of...
... hospitals in the western (low prevalence) part ofthe city None of clindamycin-resistant MRSA were related to either USA300 or USA400 strains (Fig 3) The six hospitals with the greater prevalence of USA300 ... located in the eastern section ofthe city, while the nine remaining hospitals serve neighborhoods in the western half ofthe city (Fig 2) To determine if patients with cultures positive for the USA300 ... were representative ofthe population ofthe high prevalence neighborhoods, records of 20 patients from two medical centers within the higher prevalence region were reviewed Ofthe 20 patients,...
... regardless of whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic [25] Despite intensive work on the characterization of autoantigens, the cellular basis of their production and the strong association of certain ... in the parotid gland These results suggest an important role for VL chain gene usage in the immune activation of B cells within the parotid gland ofthe pSS patient studied A restriction ofthe ... CD5, further supporting the hypothesis of homing and activation of specific B cells in the glands B cell malignancies and Sjögren’s syndrome In contrast to the focal sialadenitis ofthe minor...
... sticking their tongue out to gather scents and touching it to the opening oftheorgan when the tongue is retracted [15] Elephants transfer chemosensory stimuli to the vomeronasal opening in the roof ... for the exclusion of inappropriate mates for the conceiving of descendants and their additional care The preand post-delivery care ofthe mother, which is important for females, but also the ... including personal criteria for the choice of a mate Evaluation ofthe hypothesis Why the VNO exists in adult humans Although some authors dismiss the existence of a true VNO, there are many observations...
... in drafting ofthe manuscript; KB, OH and SD all participated in the drafting ofthe manuscript and PA participated in the initiation ofthe data collection, analysis and drafting ofthe manuscript ... pharmacies, because ofthe mass of total demand in this period The consequence was that the complete sales of oseltamivir were registered in the Wholesales Statistics and not in the NorPD Privately ... stockpiling of oseltamivir was causing empty pharmacies in the beginning ofthe year In the US, increased media attention on the pandemic flu also caused private stockpiling ofthe drug outside the influenza-season[10]...
... in drafting ofthe manuscript; KB, OH and SD all participated in the drafting ofthe manuscript and PA participated in the initiation ofthe data collection, analysis and drafting ofthe manuscript ... pharmacies, because ofthe mass of total demand in this period The consequence was that the complete sales of oseltamivir were registered in the Wholesales Statistics and not in the NorPD Privately ... stockpiling of oseltamivir was causing empty pharmacies in the beginning ofthe year In the US, increased media attention on the pandemic flu also caused private stockpiling ofthe drug outside the influenza-season[10]...
... and the rotation of antibiotics Gruson and colleagues performed one ofthe first cycling studies in an ICU setting [71] Their program consisted of restricting the use of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin ... can promote theemergenceof resistant pathogens Optimization of antibiotic regimens on the basis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles could play a role in the reduction of antibiotic ... heterogeneity The concept of antibiotic heterogeneity has been suggested as a potential strategy for reducing theemergenceof antimicrobial resistance [70] In theory, a class of antibiotics...
... is the case of South American BF in which URFs outnumber CRFs) To examine further whether the risk factors contribute to the spread of BF URFs in South America, the associated risk factor ofthe ... to, but outside of, the clade based on more current sequences (Fig Sibling of A in Regions I, III and sibling of G in Region II) The topologies ofthe trees also suggested that the current CRF02 ... developed and evaluated the jpHMM software MZ, TL and BK wrote the manuscript All authors approved the final version ofthe manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing...
... variables The primary outcomes of interest were the risk ofthe development of acute organ failure within three years ofthe baseline examination, in-hospital mortality related to any acute organ ... with investigators ofthe ARIC study and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views ofthe ARIC study or the NHLBI The coauthors had full access to all ofthe data in the study and take ... for BMI ≥ 30 Ofthe 1,830 subjects classified as having DM, 636 (43%) were classified solely on the basis of a fasting blood sugar of more than 126 mg/dl The development of acute organ failure...
... control of HIF synthesis, HIF controlling PHD synthesis, putative competing/intervening impacts of HIF-3α and PHD-3, cross-talk of HIF and other key regulators of gene expression (STAT, p-300 and others), ... scheme ofthe canonical HIF regulation and action Recent discoveries underscore a host of additional compound biological pathways, associated with the regulation ofthe HIF signal, including the ... or in the inner stripe and inner medulla following the induction of distal tubular hypoxic injury by radiocontrast agent, or after the inhibition of prostaglandin or NO synthesis or with their...
... place in the leu operon ofthe ancestor ofthe two strains and disrupted leuA and the upstream region of leuB All sequences ofthe leu operon are still present in the genome of LVS, but they are ... cluster length of 650 bp The software show-coords ofthe same package was then used to infer the degree of similarity and to map the genomic fragments ofthe query genome onto the reference genome ... categories based on the annotation of their functional counterpart in the genome of U112 For example, 41.2% ofthe genes predicted to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis in the genome of novicida...