the effect of noise on wildlife a literature review

... uated as better than another using noisy test corpus, there are reasonable chances that they are in fact very similar but one of them is just adapting better than the other to the noise in the ... Technical University of Catalonia c/Jordi Girona 1-3. 08034 Barcelona {padro, lluism}@l si. upc. es Abstract This paper addresses the issue of POS tagger evaluation. Such evaluation is usually ... crucial to obtain reliable esti- mations of accuracy (Mooney, 1996), (3) testing experiments are usually done on corpora with the same characteristics as the training data -usually a small...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... weeks. The control group received the same amount of traditional remedial rehabilitation activ- ities under the supervision of qualified professionals so as to neutralize the effect of staff’s additional ... suggested that Qigong has a similar effect to antidepressants (Yu, 1999). This may be because Qigong practice has an emphasis on breathing relaxa- tion. When the body and mind are calm, a person’s physical ... different areas of their lives such as physical, social, ethical, familial, and intellectual. The ASSEI was found to be construct and content valid for the Hong Kong population. Procedure All intervention...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2013, 18:40

... most important concepts in data communi- cations is how connection and connectionless protocols are related. As a data message is created, an assumption is made that if a connectionless-oriented ... watch for the SYN bit to be set and for the first of the three segment headers to have an acknowledgement value of zero. As part of the session establishment, the two stations often agree on the ... retransmitted segments and one additional acknowledgement. Additionally there is a significant additional delay (in time). Figure 8 If we repeat the efficiency analysis, we find that: Total data bytes transferred...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 11:17

... non-TARP banks. The bank characteristics are the log of bank size and capitalization. Bank size is simply measured as total assets and capitalization is the ratio of total bank equity capital ... the average risk rating of loan originations at the TARP banks is significantly greater than the average risk rating of loan originations at the non-TARP banks both before and after the TARP ... TARP on risk-taking based on the dollar amount of the capital infusion. The TARP process of capital replenishment allowed the Treasury to determine the amount of a bank’s capital infusion based...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... transnational law. He has published numerous articles on domestic and international tax issues, and is the author of International Tax as International Law: U.S. Tax Law and the International ... He has published in such journals as the European Economic Review, the Canadian Journal of Economics and the Journal of Comparative Economics. To Alaion Jr., Ana Maria, Clarissa, Marcelo, Samira, ... Law and Director of the International Tax LL.M. Program at the University of Michigan Law School. He teaches courses on taxation, international taxation, corporate taxation, tax trea- ties and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 13:20

... an optimal aesthetic value (rightmost of either scale in Figures 2 and 3, previous page). An individual mean and group mean of aesthetic rank was calculated for each of the 11 visualizations, ... to evaluate the relative level of aesthetic appearance for different information visualization techniques as a group. • Conveyance – All data visualization techniques conveyed the same information ... part of a larger study on the role of aesthetic within data visualization [16]. The online survey method was utilized for the following reasons: • Validation - A large number of participants...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... unfolding on loss of the cofactor. The MD simu- lation results provide an explanation of why such a conformation is not a stable state for apo-lMb. Electrostatic interactions, in general, have attracted considerable ... MJ, Waldman M & Hagler AT (1997) Derivation of Class II force fields. 4. van der Waals parameters of alkali metal cations and halide anions. J Phys Chem A 101, 7243–7252. 32 Maple JR, Hwang ... with the basic side-chains of Arg45 and Lys96 (Fig. 8). These interactions conceiv- ably also contribute to the conformational stability of holo-lMb. Consistently, they are maintained over the 1.5...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate values. The curves are least squares fits to a rectangular hyperbola. (B) A replot of the apparent V max from (A) against the concentrations ... in cyanobacteria parallel a major re-evaluation of the function of BVR -A in mammals. Once considered to play a role solely in the elimination of excess haem, it is now implicated in the maintenance of a major ... deviation of triplicate values. The curves are least squares fits to a rectangular hyperbola. (B) A replot of the apparent V max from (A) against the concentrations of NADPH. The curve is a least...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... conditional on any days, and the smearing factor. To calculate the effect of a variable on the probability of a year with at least one day, take for example, “continuous HMO.” First, we recycled the ... results back to days. Effects on total days for each variable were calculated by multiplying three parts: the effect on the probability of a year with at least one day, the mean effect on days conditional ... instead of panel data methods we used simpler models that treat each person/year as a separate observation. The before and after with the always in FFS comparison group aspect of the data is captured...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... ensure they are comparable, the individual items are standardized (via the sample standard deviation in the items) before they are averaged. Second, to enable the appropriate calculation of the variance ... sixteen) and they also control for survey year, age and age squared. They obtain instrumental variables estimates of the effect of an additional year of education on log earnings of 0.15, much larger ... First, one can choose a parametric function for f (e.g., a quadratic polynomial in R) and use all of the available data to estimate the equation above via ordinary least squares (Lee & Card,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... recorded at a resolution of 0.25 degrees (about 28 kilometers at the equator). Data on actual rainfall is obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which provides daily ... which are commonly taken as a useful measure of malnutrition among adults are calculated for individuals exceeding the age of 20 years. 6 We also follow Wagstaff (2007b) and consider whether an adult ... an indicator based on a one-month time scale, (ii) an indicator that allows for any interannual compensation of rainfall, and (iii) an indicator based on the length of drought spells within the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:19

... equation, the effect of maternal employment disappeared (Anderson et al., 2003; Scholder, 2008). Each of these estimation methods has important disadvantages. The use of proxies as approximations ... the effect of non-parental childcare by maternal education we use a simulation method. In particular, we assume that the entire set of 33 education mothers who received parent-only care. These ... better understand the sources of favorable effects of non-parental childcare among the children of low-education mothers. Differences by Mother’s Education in the Effect of Childcare on Child...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/06/2014, 04:13

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 14:21