the ecological roles of algal heterotrophy in benthic assemblages

... action of the cysteine proteinase, cathepsin K [19] There are other possible explanations, however, for the defect in bone resorption in the r/r mice, including a role for collagenase in osteoclast ... abstracts [21,22], is the targeted disruption of the MMP13 gene The strategy employed involved the deletion of the critical zinc-binding region in the catalytic domain that resulted in markedly decreased ... increased ascribable to increased generation of osteoblasts Conclusion MMP-13 has critical roles in embryonic development and remodeling of the skeleton in mice These roles are reflected in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... to the regions of the protein involved in interaction with Cdk2 and cyclin A: 1, domain interacting with cyclin A; 2, a linker helix involved in binding both cyclin A and Cdk2; 3, domain interacting ... binds and rearranges the amino-terminal lobe and also inserts into the catalytic cleft, mimicking ATP in the context of the cyclin A–Cdk2 complex [120] In contrast, the unbound p27Kip1 Cdk-inhibition ... with binding diversity and helps to explain the role for structural disorder in mediating binding specificity in biological systems [66] The p27Kip1 protein is another member of the p21 family of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 40 Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of head of ... sensitive to the nature of the leaving group, as the substitution of the chlorine atom with the more electronegative fluorine in the CDNB molecule did not affect the kcat values Altogether, these results ... secondary structure elements The topological arrangement of these elements is usually bababba, similar to the thioredoxin fold of other GSH-binding or cysteine-binding proteins The H-site is entirely...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... cannot bind proMMP2, but the N-terminal region of TIMP-2 binds the catalytic domain of MT1-MMP inhibiting its activity, whereas its C-terminal domain binds to the hemopexin-like domain of Pro-MMP-2 ... catalytic domain with a zinc-binding site (Zn, HEXXHXXGXXH) and a conserved methionine (Met-turn) supporting the catalytic zinc Interaction between cysteine–zinc maintains proMMPs in an inactive state ... by binding to its hemopexin domain, leaving the N-terminal fully capable of interacting with other MMPs Most cell types secrete proMMP-9 in complex with TIMP-1, which complex can be found in the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... domain E3BP domains: L3, N-terminal lipoyl domain; B, E3 binding domain; I, inner domain which associates with the inner domain of E2 Dotted connections indicate binding interactions to the catalytic ... association involves the ATP-using C-terminal domains interacting near the base of that side of the wedge outside; the N-terminal domains form the outside of the wedges The wedge pockets have ... E3 are included in Fig Apart from E2, the three domain E3-binding protein (E3BP, Fig 1) also has an anchoring C-terminal domain, an E3-binding domain and a mobile lipoyl domain Again, the lipoyl...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 40 Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of head of ... sensitive to the nature of the leaving group, as the substitution of the chlorine atom with the more electronegative fluorine in the CDNB molecule did not affect the kcat values Altogether, these results ... secondary structure elements The topological arrangement of these elements is usually bababba, similar to the thioredoxin fold of other GSH-binding or cysteine-binding proteins The H-site is entirely...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 01:20

... (14) complexity of the sumoundings (indicating the degree of simplicity of the orography of the surrounding area; Blanco et al, 1989), (15) wind protection coefficient (according to the fluid mechanics; ... classes: insignifi< (classified as cant, slight and severe), (13) insolation (indicating the amount of solar radiation on the ground as determined by the slope, the aspect and the latitude of the ... explains more than floristic 70% of the variance, while CV and climatic < set climatic CV2 account together for 75% of the variance, the information being much greater in the latter case (the inertia,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... changes The Δ 6-desaturase is integral to both pathways; the enzyme introduces the initial double bond into linoleate forming g-linolenate in the ω-6 pathway and introduces the double bond into linolenate ... isoforms [28] Furthermore, the upregulation of the transcription of genes involved in calcium signaling as a consequence of PPARg activation may play a role in defining the constituents of the ... discussed the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue following the over expression of PPARδ in terms of the expression of a range of enzymes involved in uncoupling (uncoupling...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... drop out of the market.” These findings led us to investigate changes in the ratio of the domestic population and the number of licensed chiropractors in California during our study period Information ... 28 years Information from the catalogs revealed the tuition increased 194% in the 1970s, 114% in the 1980s and 101% in the 1990s The increase of tuition from the $255 per quarter level in 1970 ... to investigate the changes in the number of licensed chiropractors in California since 1970 Page of Changes in the number of licensed chiropractors Mior and Laporte [5] noted a doubling of the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... important roles for determining the timing of tissue differentiation during larva period of Drosophila development and maintaining the tissue identity during the adulthood It should be noted that the ... genes These findings strongly suggest that miRNAs play a most important role in driving tissue terminal differentiation and maintaining tissue identity rather than in determining or regulating ... understanding the global role of miRNAs in maintaining lineage of differentiated tissues and cells has great impact on the studies of miRNAs in cancer genetics 16 Methods Datasets used in this study The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:20

... underlying processes that control the population size By the time one sees the sign of decline in population size, it may be too late to rescue the population by investigating the cause of decline in ... habitat type, there is considerable need to study the ecology of this butterfly in depth The natural history of the maritime ringlet differs in several ways from that of the inornate ringlet, Coenonympha ... Lastly, I investigated the possibility of genetic introgression between the maritime ringlet and inornate ringlet and reconstructed the phylogeny of the C tullia-group taxa in North America The genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 10:57

... consists of a TIR domain in the C-terminal portion, and a death domain in the N-terminal portion MyD88 associates with the TIR domain of TLRs TIR domain-containing adaptor protein Chapter Introduction ... spontaneous point mutation that resulted in an amino acid change of the cytoplasmic proline residue at position 712 to histidine in the signaling domain of the TLR4 protein, is the LPS-non responsive ... remain unclear Among the many cell types that are involved in allergic diseases, lymphocyte is one of them The role of lymphocyte in the allergic disease especially the role in the induction/initiation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:27

... activation in a dosage-dependent manner Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 10 min, and ERK activation was determined by Western blot using antibodies specifically recognizing ... Notice that the p27 is a negative image of the gel The experiments were done as in A Total RNA was isolated from the cells and RT-PCR was performed using a commercial kit -65- C p27 Actin 0.1 0.2 ... immunoprecipitated using anti-ShcA antibodies and analyzed by Western blot using anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies (C) Point mutation analysis to identify the tyrosine residues that was phosphorylated in the presence...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:17

... three from the Nterminus was phosphorylated The phosphorylation was confirmed by the loss of 98 amu (as -H3PO4) from the serine residue which occurs during fragmentation (C) In vitro kinase assay ... spectrum showing the sequence of a peptide of m/z 611.7891 which was eluted from the reversed phase column at 37.15 The y-ion series shows the sequence that was determined and that a serine residue ... Levels of activated ERKs Fig 4.7 PKC inhibitors diminish H2O2 induced ERK activation (A) Wild type MEFs were pre-treated with different concentration of rottlerin or staurosporin for hr and the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:18

... for the pulling movement of the actin filament towards the centre of the cell Finally, the release of ADP disrupts binding with the actin filament and restarts the cycle with the next ATP binding ... contraction involves the cross-bridge cycle, with the first step involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding to the myosin head Binding of the myosin head to actin myofilaments, and calcium to the ... recognition site The study was focused on the dynamics of the DNA, rather than the dynamics of the C-Rel protein during binding[99] However, the effects of protein dynamics in cell signaling and allosteric...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:35

... expression of claudin-1 in the cytoplasm, with some nuclear expression of claudin-1 B) Treatment of these cells with PKA inhibitor results in nuclear translocation of claudin-1 in as little as 15 minutes, ... opens up the possibility that Wnt signaling is involved in claudin-1 expression and localization 99 Indeed, a study shows that increasing β-catenin increases the expression of claudin-1 in colorectal ... CLDN1 under the control of a nuclear localization signal (CLDN1-NLS), there is increased expression of claudin-1 in the nucleus, but there are still large amounts of claudin-1 in the cytoplasm...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:17

... number of samples taken in Korea In the case of Tokyo and in the Philippines, urban runoff from roads on rainy days contributes to the increase in metal concentration in the sediments of receiving ... samples taken in the eastern side of Manila Bay The concentration profiles in the sea sediments show the decrease in lead and zinc concentrations in the sediments with the increase in the distance ... on the uniform distribution of these metals in the sediments of the lake The higher concentration in the northwest part of the lake is probably due to reverse flow of the polluted Pasig River in...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... raise the awareness of Vietnamese learners of English in terms of this kind of verbs so that they can apply the right use of these verbs in using the English language 1.2.2 Objectives The objectives ... English use them effectively in their speaking and writing For the above reasons, I wish to carry out the thesis entitled “A Study of the Linguistic Features of Suggestion Verbs in English and Their ... in using these verbs For examples, in the sentence The doctor ordered me to stay in bed” The verb “order” means telling somebody that they must something However, the word “order” in “when the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:17

... carried out independently of the other planes since the modified plane is contained in the union of the components of W that intersect P and when P intersects W ∈ W, then no other plane in P intersects ... lie in the same pair of pants or in the punctured copy of ∂− H If the two endpoints of the bad arc coincide with the two endpoints of another bad arc, then let d(k) = If both arcs lie in the ... and PB be the top and bottom planes in the ordering on P Since the inclusion of the fundamental group of F into the fundamental group of either complement is surjective [9], the proof of Haken’s...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... Figure 19 in the timing and intensity of rainfall, or the period of time without rain, as well as affecting the quality of water in rivers and lakes through changes in the timing and volume of peak ... cost-effective way of assessing health risks; • the identification of all risk points along the chain of events from the origin of the wastewater to the consumption of the produce (e.g the farm-to-fork ... Hoepner,2008) There is scope to improve the sustainability of the desalination process The process results in the discharge of a concentrated brine into the receiving waters Temperature and salinity...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20