the cost of raising capital through retained earnings

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 14:57

... that the cost of capital of the firm depends on four factors: the risk free rate, the aggregate risk tolerance of the market, the expected cash flow of the firm, and the covariance of the firm’s ... links the disclosure of accounting information to the cost of capital. Specifically, we examine whether and how the quality of a firm’s accounting information manifests in its cost of capital, ... Again, the impact of the indirect effects on the cost of capital is ambiguous. As above, if improved disclosure shifts only the “fixed” component of managerial misappropriation, firms’ cost of capital...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 14:04

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 21:28

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 14:12

... power. 12 And for the most part, the initiators of totalitarian rule pursued their aims in the name of some grand moral imperative – the Aryan domination of the sub-human races of the world or the Wnal establishment ... see in the case of Mandela). On the other hand, the separation between personal and institutional moral capital can work the other way. There are occasions (as we shall see in our study of Lincoln) ... themselves, at the very least in the eyes of their supporters, as legitimate interests, arguing not just the contingent existence of their desires but the rightness and justness of their claims...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 11:00

... reliability of services CASE STUDY MANAGING CAPITAL THROUGH SPACE SAVINGS At the heart of the EDF is ADC’s Glide Cable Management system. These cable management troughs bolt onto the side of standard ... because each panel has RJ45 connectors on the front and rear of the panel. Added benefits included the ability to quickly connect Ethernet switches to the network, improved designation labeling ... Centers Lowering the Cost of Ownership CHALLENGE A wireless service provider sought to minimize both capital and operating expenses by redesigning its data centers. Major network elements chosen for the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 08:17

... sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence ... Algebraically, it is C ost Cost 2 1 1 , (1.1) where Cost 2 is the cost at time period 2 Cost 1 is the cost at time period 1. If, for example, Cost 2 is $5 and Cost 1 is $4, then the cost increase is ... (excluding the cost of nuclear refueling) for the 2006–2035 time frame. Regardless of the top line budget number, there will be a steady decline in the real purchasing power of the Navy as ship costs...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... include the cost of the accrual of certain future benefits and costs. Using a range of accrual rates for these cost elements of between 20 and 40 percent, a very crude estimate of their costs ... agencies. We also analyze the fairly crude estimates of the cost of a military person-year that result from the application of these data. We then present the official DoD costs of military person-years ... as revenue by the Department of the Treasury. From the standpoint of the FG, accrual is therefore not a cost at all but rather an intragovern- mental transfer payment the movement of money from...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... because of rounding. 10 Why Has the Cost of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Risen? rate Year Year Cost Cost =  () 21 2 1 1 , (2.1) where Costt 2 is the cost at Year 2, and Costt 1 is the cost ... approach fits the natural logarithm of cost (the dependent variable) as a function of the fiscal year (the independent variable). e annual rate is the exponential of the coefficient for the fiscal ... development cost growth and determine the magnitude of cost growth and show cost growth trends for the past three decades. iv Why Has the Cost of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Risen? retary of Defense, the Joint...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... in the capital cost of the facility. This makes the capital costs lower than the $1.25-$1.50 noted earlier. The total capital investment has been developed from the equipment costs through the use ... and their cost included in the utility cost section of the operating costs. The steam cost was based on the capital and operating costs of a gas-fired boiler, which includes natural gas cost. 5) ... plants are built. For the lignocellulose process, elimination of some of the capital- intensive areas, through purchase of the materials, could significantly reduce the capital cost. For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... of the problems they face. Once they measure the problem, they can track it and gauge their own progress, and set and achieve benchmarks for themselves and the programs they support. The ... between the ages of 1 and 18 in the United States. The problem is critical for these kids, for whom the consequences of a “simple cavity” can escalate through their childhoods and well into their ... 33 states and the District of Columbia a grade of C or below because they met half or fewer of the benchmarks—that is, either they did not have particular policies in place, or their policies...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... feedback, the purpose of the conceptual model, some background of the research that lead to the development of the model, and key 11852 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Figure 5. Trend of project ... customer satisfaction (Kirsilä et al., 2007). By these definitions, and due to the importance of the role of project management in the success of projects, the authors consider related department ... experience. The interviews were conducted via video conferencing. The duration of the interviews lasted between 50 min to 1 h. The participants were given an explanation regarding the purpose of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... The level of permanent working capital depends on the business cycle as well as the growth of a firm. Temporary working capital is the excess of working capital over the permanent working capital. ... Companies about influence of working capital management on firms’ profitability. 1.4 Hypotheses of the study The aim of this study is to understand the impact of working capital management on companies’ ... present the limitations of the study, future research directions. 5.1 Conclusions The object of this study is to examine the impact of working capital management on firms’ profitability. The researcher...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:45

... some of their own capital when extending credit. Since borrowers do not fully internalize the cost of raising capital, the level of capital demanded by market participants may be above the one ... targets. The section also considers Tier 1 capital and banks that are close to the regulatory minimum level of capital. In Section 7 we offer a number of conjectures about theories of bank capital ... regulator, even when capital is a relatively costly source of funds. As in Diamond and Rajan (2000), the capital structure of banks is then largely determined by the asset side of their balance sheet...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... for the steady state of the model to match the average ratio of M1 to M2. The share of capital in the pro duction function of intermediate-good producers, θ k , is set to the standard value of ... 2008). 15 The bank capital- asset ratio is the sum of tier1 and tier2 capital, over risk-weighted assets. tier1 capital is the sum of equity capital and published reserves from post-tax retained earnings; ... to the banking sector The previous subsection analyzes how the banking sector, through the dynamics of bank capital, affects the transmission of shocks. In recent years, however, episodes of increased volatility...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... the feature of economy of scale, the expression of design ¯ow-rate with exponent is needed in the model. The value indicates economy of scale if the exponent is less than 0 in these average cost ... Regardless of the type of the data, the vagueness of the fuzzy linear Figure A1. Fuzzy set of parameter A: A approximates a. 404 H W. Chen and N B. Chang Table 7. The comparative study of secondary ... estimation. On the other hand, the impact of three outliers included in the database of industrial wastewater treatment plants could be in¯uential in the cost estimation when using the LS model. The modi®ed...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:17

... to diabetes. The indirect costs capture the economic costs of diabetes that occur outside the healthcare system. These costs represent the loss of economic output arising from either illness ... the Model to understate the prevalence and cost of diabetes in the future, rather than to overstate it. Sensitivity and scenario analysis The Model supports analysis of the sensitivity of the ... of $5.9 billion, or nearly double the level in 2000. The cost of the disease is expected to rise by another $4.7 billion by 2020. The direct cost of diabetes now accounts for about 3.5% of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:20