... Reference
Note
Note
31 The Wide-Character Functions 771
The Wide-Character Classification Functions 772
The Wide-Character I/O Functions 775
The Wide-Character String Functions 775
Wide-Character String Conversion ... 872
Allocators 875
36 The String Class 877
The basic_string Class 878
The char_traits Class 890
37 The Numeric Classes 893
The complex Class 894
The valarray Class 898
The slice and gslice Classes ... meet or exceed
the minimum ranges specified by Standard C. Each C+ + compiler specifies the size
and range of the basic types in the header <climits>.
14
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
Note
Note
...
... Instead, the
xxx
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
Chapter 2
Expressions
13
Copyright â 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click here for terms of use.
4
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
T
o understand C+ + ... meet or exceed the minimum ranges
specified by Standard C. Each C+ + compiler specifies the size and range of the basic
types in the header <climits>.
14
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
Contents
xiii
Reading ... defines the version of C
8
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
able to create stand-alone functions is extremely critical in larger projects where one
programmer’s code must not accidentally affect another’s...
...
program, call the file Example.cs.
Compiling the Program
To compile the program, execute the C# compiler, csc.exe, specifying the name of the source
file on the command line, as shown here:
C: \>csc ... First, you can use the Visual Studio IDE. Second, you can use
the command-line compiler, csc.exe. Both methods are described here.
Using csc.exe, the C# Command-Line Compiler
Although the Visual ... compliance is especially
important when creating software components that will be used by other languages. The
CLS includes a subset of the Common Type System (CTS). The CTS defines the rules
concerning...
... Thus, C8 9 is both the foundation for C9 9 and
the basis for C+ +.
In a book such as this Complete Reference, dividing theC language into two pieces— the C8 9
foundation and the C9 9
-
specific features
achieves ... restrictions, few complaints, block
structure, stand-alone functions, and a compact set of keywords. By using C, you can nearly achieve
the efficiency of assembly code combined with the structure ...
qsort
456
raise
458
rand
459
setjmp
459
signal
460
srand
460
strtod
461
strtof
463
strtol
463
strtold
464
strtoll
465
strtoul
465
strtoull
466
system
467
va_arg, va_copy, va_start, and va_end
467
wcstombs
469
wctomb
470
19
Wide
-
Character Functions
471
Wide
-
Character Classification Functions
472
Wide
-
Character I/O Functions
474
Wide
-
Character...
... 654
xviii
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
31 The Wide-Character Functions 771
The Wide-Character Classification Functions 772
The Wide-Character I/O Functions 775
The Wide-Character String Functions ... exceed
the minimum ranges specified by Standard C. Each C+ + compiler specifies the size
and range of the basic types in the header <climits>.
14
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
Note
Note
Chapter2
Expressions
13
C+ +
... Integrating New Classes: A Custom String Class 931
The StrType Class 932
xxvi
C+ +: TheComplete Reference
Static Member Functions 315
When Constructors and Destructors Are Executed 317
The Scope Resolution...
... Java 2
Programmers Reference, C+ +: The Complete
Reference, C: TheComplete Reference, and C# :
The Complete Reference. Schildt holds a master's
degree in computer science from the University
of ... the term Java 2, without a reference to a version number.
16
Java™ 2: TheComplete Reference
Java
™
2:
The Complete Reference,
Fifth Edition
Herbert Schildt
McGraw-Hill/Osborne
New York Chicago ... instances of a class. Thus, a class is a logical construct; an
object has physical reality.
When you create a class, you will specify the code and data that constitute that
class. Collectively, these...
... platform-
specific machine code. This machine code is referred to as an executable. There is no
direct relation between the machine code and the original source: it is not possible to
reverse the compilation ... . . . . . . . . 408
Contents
xv
Perl:
The Complete Reference
Second Edition
Martin C. Brown
Osborne/McGraw-Hill
New York Chicago San Francisco
Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi ... process and produce the source code. This means that the
compiled executable is safe from intellectual property piracy.
With an interpreted language, on the other hand, the interpreter reads the...
... http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
www.it-ebooks.info
xiv
HTML & CSS: TheComplete Reference
xiv
HTML & CSS: TheComplete Reference
background-repeat ... inline frames.
Chapter 2 addresses that HTML5–specific change; for now, we’ll concentrate on a typical
document structure and drill into each element until we reach the very characters displayed.
Roughly ... http://htmlref.com/ch1/xhtmlhelloworld.html
The preceding examples use some of the most common elements used in (X)HTML
documents, including:
ã The
<!DOCTYPE> statement, which indicates the particular...
... process, the development of interpreted code should
8
Perl: TheComplete Reference
Introduction
xxxix
profile of your script, and at the other end of the scale, the compiler that supports the
creation ... platform-
specific machine code. This machine code is referred to as an executable. There is no
direct relation between the machine code and the original source: it is not possible to
reverse the compilation ... compilers such as GNU’s gcc), have been
commercialized by Metrowerks, Microsoft, and other companies. Other languages,
such as Visual Basic, are entirely commercial. Perl’s source code is open...
... 100)
{
$calc += ($fact*$ivalue);
}
The continue block is explained later in the chapter, in theThe continue
Block” section.
until Loops
The inverse of the while loop is the until loop, which evaluates ... the continue blocks on each of the examples. The continue
block is executed immediately after the main block and is primarily used as a method
104
Perl: TheComplete Reference
$$
$PID
$PROCESS_ID
The ... 108
Perl: TheComplete Reference
$^T
$BASETIME
The time at which the script started running, defined as the number of
seconds since the epoch.
$^V
$PERL_VERSION
The current revision,...
... are
tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
The translation replaces all occurrences of the characters in SEARCHLIST with the
corresponding characters in REPLACEMENTLIST. ... be able to specify a character by its decimal
number and to convert the character back to its decimal equivalent in the ASCII table.
The chr function returns the character matching the value of ... lowercase character. The lowercase version
matches a character class, and the uppercase versions negate the class. For example,
\w matches any word character, while \W matches any non-word character.
The...
... which we’ll cover in more detail in Chapter 14.
The main acceptance loop is here,
ACCEPT_CONNECT:
{
($remaddr = accept(CHILDSOCKET, SERVERSOCKET))
|| redo ACCEPT_CONNECT;
}
where you just cycle ... accepted.
accept NEWSOCKET, SOCKET
The function monitors SOCKET, opening the NEWSOCKET filehandle on the accepted
connection. It returns the packed address of the remote host that made the connection,
or ... qw/:DEFAULT :crlf/;
Socket Communication
There are two ends to all socket connections: the sender and the receiver.
Connecting to a Remote Socket
The process for communicating with a remote socket is...
... 1
Child, Count 1
Parent, Count 2
Child, Count 2
Child, Count 3
Parent, Count 3
Child, Count 4
Child, Count 5
Parent, Count 4
Child, Count 6
Child, Count 7
Parent, Count 5
Child, Count 8
Child, Count ... 482
Perl: TheComplete Reference
-c
Checks the syntax of the script without executing it. Only BEGIN and END blocks
and use statements are actually executed by this process, since they are considered
an ... another command using the
exec function. This works exactly the way the system command works, except that
it never returns. The command you specify will completely replace the currently
executing...