... indebtedness provide an indication of the scales of the
international aspects of the two banking crises, international banking is only part of the
totality of banking. Total bank deposits therefore ...
The timing of thebanking crisis in relation to the downturn inthe real economy was different
in the two episodes. Almunia, Bénétrix, Eichengreen, O’Rourke and Rua (ABEOR), in an
interesting ... decline in
manufacturing globally inthe twelve months following the global peak in industrial production,
which we place in early 2008, was as severe as inthe twelve months following the...
... with the same BIN etc. and compares the data to the average
parameters characterizing the outlet.
ã
High Risk Blocking:
The amount of the suspicious purchase is paid to the merchants after the ... Kong Innovative Business
& Chairman, Hungarian-Hong Kong Innovative Business
Council
Council
11
SECURE BUSINESS AUTOMATION
OTP’s acquiring-network monitoring systems
1. On-line Monitoring ... Sales Ratio
Basis Points
Basis Points
17
SECURE BUSINESS AUTOMATION
ã
Off-line Monitoring and other instruments to minimize fraud
Issuer Referral Call Service
–
Off-line Monitoring Program:
Transactions...
... outside of the savings bank pillar, thus reducing the fragmentation inthebankingsystem and
opening the way for a market-oriented restructuring.
14
The crisis revealed problems inbanking regulation ... banks in their region. Their core business is retail banking
and relationship banking to SMEs and they maintain the largest branch network of all banking groups. The traditional
role of the Landesbanken ... is in line with the observation that
even before the crisis the Landesbanken were among the worst performing banking groups in Germany.
7
Box 2. The German three-pillar bankingsystem
The...
... Price Deflator for the 12 months ending in June.
This article examines the funding of bank super-
vision inthe context of the dual banking system.
Since 1863, commercial banks inthe United
States ... consolidation in the
banking industry—and the other is the wave of
bank failures that occurred during the banking
crisis of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
16
Until the early 1980s, banking was largely ... number of institutions, that assessment
base does not reflect the operations of the bank.
The Net Decline inthe Number of
Bank Charters
The net decline inthe number of banking char-
ters since...
... in terms of numbers, the
largest unit within the savings bank group in
France. Although not independent institutions,
they are invariably attached to the savings bank in
the region in which they ... 280,000
THE REFORM OF THE
S
AVINGS BANK SYSTEM IN
FRANCE – A MODEL FOR
OTHER COUNTRIES?
JOCHEN KLEIN*
Up to the end of the twentieth century, the French
banking industry consisted of four distinct ... of the savings banks vis-à-vis third parties to
represent the common interests of the savings
banks, especially in dealing with the public sector,
and to intensify the links between the savings...
... cytoplasm; (d) the
nuclear confinement of KlGal80p; and (e) the fact that
KlGAL4 is the only gene inthe GAL system with one
binding site, with the remaining genes having two
binding sites.
Although ... KlGal4p plays a vital role inthe induc-
tion mechanism of the GAL system. The KlGAL4 gene
contains a UAS
G
in its own promoter for the binding
of KlGal4p, resulting in an autoregulatory circuit
which ... into the cytoplasm, which, in combination
with ATP, activate the protein KlGal1p. The protein
KlGal1p, being bifunctional, has both inducer and
galactokinase activity. The activated KlGal1p then
shuttles...
... out-of-school.
The rural-urban disparity in achievement in
education inIndia is also very wide. While 87 per
cent of the population inthe age-group 15-24 in
urban India is literate, the literacy rate inthe ... for the elimination of girls
on such a large scale. PCPNDT Act has been
into force for all these years and the sex-ratio
in India is still falling.
Children Living in Urban
Settings
The process ... urbanization inIndia is at a
critical point of transition. India has a young
and rapidly growing population, a potential
demographic dividend that needs to be tapped
accordingly. Addressing life inIndia s...
...
debatable and rather the strengthening of the Centre in this area
might be a better solution bearing in mind the good links already developed between the Centre and the
local industry.
... encompassed inthe SHD framework outlined in
the Global UNDP framework and in line with the parameters established inthe UNDP
Advisory Note, 1997-2001 (Nov. 1996, UNDP, New Delhi)
In the original ... the unit. The technical staff is small: one head, 2 superintendents and 2 supervisors who
received training in Pune. As the technical staff is aging, they will be looking for new people in the...
...
of the crisis inthe early 1990s, however, the U.S. banks were the first to get back in.
Over the course of the financial roller-coasters in Argentina and Brazil in 2001-02,
the U.S. banks initially ... dominate U.S. international lending. Their share increased from 55% in 1984 to
73% in 2005. This stands in sharp contrast to the dwindling shares of medium-term
claims (31% in 1984 to 20% in ... modest exposure inthe region. In Latin
America, U.S. banks led the pullout at the onset of the debt crisis in early 1980s.
Throughout the 1980s, they consistently cut exposure inthe region. Upon...
... neutrophils into the synovial lining and fluid and the
periarticular spaces. These infiltrating cells produce abundant
cytokines, dominated mainly by the inflammatory type of
cytokines such as ... activate and instruct
the adaptive immune system; at the same time they are
involved in immune regulation when the adaptive response is
ongoing. Taken together, coordinated activation and signaling
through ... chronic). The
particular receptor responsible for maintaining IgG titers in
blood is the intracellular Fc receptor (FcRn) that is abundantly
expressed in endothelial cells. The FcRn binds pinocytosed
IgG...
... could happen inthebankingsysteminthe event
of an increase in interest rates.
This paper offers some timely research inputs on these questions. It
seeks to obtain measures of the vulnerability ... stretching out the yield curve is a sound strategy for public debt management, it can generate
vulnerabilities inthebanking system. If there is a sense that thebankingsystem is vulnerable in
the ... of directly using interest rates.
13
Interest-rate risk inthe Indian banking system
Ila Patnaik
∗
ICRIER, New Delhi
and
NCAER, New Delhi
ila@icrier.res .in
Ajay Shah
Ministry of Finance, New Delhi
and
IGIDR,...