... flow from the initial hypothesis, through the design ofthe experiment, the analysis ofthe data, and the final estimate ofthe true risk Either structure can be used, but we have chosen the method ... The greater the number and the lesser the selection of tested relationships’ the more likely the findings will be spurious The higher the probability that the pre -study hypothesis is true, the ... case- control study design thestudy population is selected on the basis of disease, and the strength of association is based on the odds of exposure (odds ratio or OR), which is the ratio ofthe proportion...
... these continents [1,2] Although COPD is currently the 4th-leading cause of mortality and the 12th-leading cause of disability, by the year 2020 it will be the 3rd-leading cause of death and the ... contribution to the interpretation ofthe results and drafting ofthe manuscript Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr Giovanni Viegi for providing additional data for this study as well as all the other ... differences in the annual decline in FEV1% pred for current smokers The regression line is weighted by the numbers of current smokers The diameter of each circle is proportional to the number of current...
... initiated and designed thestudy and was helpful in the drafting ofthe manuscript PL initiated and designed thestudy and was helpful in the drafting ofthe manuscript LB drafted the manuscript and ... http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/9/48 Death could be either violent or non-violent, as in thecaseof suicide Fatal intoxications could be intentional, as in suicide, of unknown intent, as in thecaseof undetermined suicide, ... death The procedure ofthestudy is presented in Figure Case record evaluations and interviews There were 393 consecutive forensic autopsies performed on previous patients at the Department of Forensic...
... categories relating to the selection ofthestudy sample (four points); the comparability ofthe sample groups (two points); and the ascertainment of either the exposure (for case- control (three ... on the results ofthe present study Our findings are likely to be representative estimates ofthe true effects of passive smoking on the risk of LRI in infancy since they are based on results of ... combination of a lack of biochemical validation of passive smoke exposure, lack of representativeness ofthestudy sample, and/or lack of adjusted analyses There was no evidence of publication...
... reflects the contribution of platelets to the clot firmness Angle α (normal range 55 to 62 mm) is the angle formed by the slope ofthe TEG tracing from the R to the K value It represents the rate of ... is the maximal amplitude on the TEG trace It reflects the strength ofthe clot and is a direct result ofthe function of platelets and plasma factors and their interaction We also calculated the ... minutes (TP2) after the start ofthe MARS treatment To exclude this bias and to studythe MARS effects solely, we evaluated these patients separately (Table 4) the start of MARS; therefore, no acute...
... material The next strategy, which is the basis ofthe present study, is continued surveillance This necessitates the presence of an ongoing surveillance system which is thecase with the Swedish ... 1995 and searched the registers for all known cases of hypospadias The total number of loratadineexposed infants is then 2780 and 25 had hypospadias identified (0.9%) - ten ofthe cases were thus ... significantly lower than that during the first period There are two possible explanations The noticed effect of loratadine during the first period could be the result of a synergism with an unknown...
... by the maximal bone mass achieved in young adulthood, as well as by the subsequent rate of bone loss At theof age 70 years, these two determinants of bone mass are equally important [30] The ... the cessation of linear growth (till the third decade of life) Even after bone accumulation has ended, there is a constant state of remodeling with repeated cycles of resorption followed by the ... cells ofthe bone marrow, fill in the area of resorption with type collagen [47] Type I collagen ultimately becomes mineralized, probably as a function ofthe osteoblasts, thereby completing the...
... teachers and the students 3 V Design ofthestudyThestudy consists of three main parts: the introduction, the development and the conclusion Part I introduces rationales, aims ofthestudy as ... author ofthestudy is concerned with It is really advantageous to the author ofthestudy s eliciting information from the chosen participants because most of them showed their interest in thestudy ... lack of resources and also the author ofthestudy s doing research ability For the participants ofthe study, both ofthe respondents (teachers and students) involved in the survey are of small...
... candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements ofthe College relating to the retention and use of Master of Arts Thesis deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, ... Rationale for thestudy 1.2 Aims and research questions 1.3 Theoretical and practical significance ofthestudy 1.4 Scope ofthestudy 1.5 Method ofthestudy 1.6 Organization ofthe paper Chapter ... composed of chapters Chapter 1- Introduction briefly states the rationale, aims and research questions, scope ofthe study, theoretical and practical significance ofthe study, method ofthe study...
... Organization ofthestudyThestudy includes three parts: - Part 1, INTRODUCTION, introduces the rationale for the research, the aims ofthe study, the scope, the methods and the organization ofthestudy ... teaching in the context, specifying the shortcomings and then making suggestions to improve the teaching of pronunciation Aims ofthestudyThe aim ofthestudy was to investigate how the teachers ... number of shortcomings Firstly, the participants ofthestudy were just the teachers, not any learners The learners played the role of sub-participants when the researcher did the observations Therefore,...
... teachers and the students 3 V Design ofthestudyThestudy consists of three main parts: the introduction, the development and the conclusion Part I introduces rationales, aims ofthestudy as ... author ofthestudy is concerned with It is really advantageous to the author ofthestudy s eliciting information from the chosen participants because most of them showed their interest in thestudy ... methods ofthestudy Part II comprises four chapters Chapter I deals with an overview ofthe theoretical background ofthe research It is concerned with the issues relevant to the topic ofthe research:...
... first part introduces the rationale for thestudy carried out by the researcher, the aims ofthe study, the scope ofthe study, and the method by which thestudy was conducted The second part is ... description ofthe subjects, the instruments, and procedures employed for the study: 4.1 The subjects There are two types of subjects participating in thestudyThe first type is the first year ... working with the book “Business Basics” at VUC Finally, the limitations ofthestudy are notified and some recommendations for further study are made 1.Summary ofthestudyThestudy set out...
... the design ofthe study, acquisition of data, statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript MB performed the immunoassays SJ performed the immunoassays LM conceived thestudy OH conceived the ... [14-20] Apart from these biomarkers, the presence ofthe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is another well-established risk factor for the development of AD dementia [1] The aim of this study was to ... functions, the MMSE cut-off score in the present study was set slightly higher than the previously reported community-based mean values In the present studythe cognitive assessment also included the...
... In addition, the opinion ofthe committee was not in agreement with that ofthe investigator in 40% ofthe cases Uncertainty of interpretation ofthe data is not specific to this study, and it ... and a low density of smooth-muscle cells in the caps.26 On the other hand, the danger of a primary arrhythmic event often occurs in post-MI patients In these cases, the danger of an acute ischaemic ... represents 40–60% of SCD cases On the other hand, the remaining cases of SCD may be predicted with greater accuracy because they are included in higher-risk subgroups The majority of these patients...
... compared The analysis looks at the entry into an SE, the transfer ofthe registered office of an SE from one member state to another member state and the exit out of an SE With regard to the entry, the ... 1.2 Aim ofthe thesis and object of examination 1.3 Organization ofthe thesis Relevance ofthe European Company in practice 2.1 Basic features ofthe European Company ... transactions the tax neutrality for shareholders upon the establishment of a holding SE, the definition ofthe registered office for tax purposes and the tax neutrality upon the transfer ofthe registered...
... admission to the module is the positive assessment ofthe thesis § Master thesis (1) The completion of a Master thesis is mandatory (2) The Master thesis has to meet the scientific standards ofthe subject ... by the assessment ofthe course with continuous performance assessment and the result of a final exam covering the entire contents ofthe two courses ofthe module A positive assessment ofthe ... focus (3) Participants ofthe Master program are entitled to propose the topic of their Master thesis themselves or choose their topic from a list of proposals (4) The Master thesis equals 27.5 ECTS-credit...
... lowers the peak magnitude of GABA-mediated currents [10], supporting the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine contribution to the generation of fever-induced seizures [9] Also, IL-1b prolongs the duration ... seizures (2.0 pg/mL) In another study, similarly low IL-1b blood levels of 3.4 pg/mL were reported in the febrile control group [35] This lack of increase may be the result of excluding patients with ... administration of IL-6 prolonged the latency and shortened the duration of hyperthermia-induced seizures, suggesting an anti-convulsant effect to febrile seizures [46] On the other hand, intranasal...
... analysis The weighting factors for each record were computed by the ABS to reflect the population at the time ofthe survey, taking into account the probability of being sampled and the differential ... [10] The aim of this study was to conduct secondary analyses ofthe recent NHS to examine differences in BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity by occupation Furthermore, a range of socioeconomic ... did not change the occupational risk pattern for males but it did account for the lower risk observed for female professionals and associate professionals A recent study in the Netherlands measured...