the changing political economy of japan

... study called the Stern Review commissioned by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the UK, presented an assessment of the anticipated impacts of climate change As a foreboding sign of the content ... all of the 192 nations that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol (as of December 1, 2009) have introduced initiatives to support the development of renewable energy Many of the top economies of the ... strategic stages of warfare contributed significantly to the downfall of both the German and the Japanese armies during the 1940s (Yergin, 1993) In recent times, the world witnessed the perils associated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... action in the field of IPRs; (3) the relevancy of the TRIPs agreement and the period of 1995 to 1999 to the international IP agenda, and (4) the manner in which the data-gathering supported the efficacy ... regarding the value of the reward and the ways for granting it to the inventor The second focuses on the need to finance the reward With respect to the former, a government can reward the inventor either ... (the dispute between the EU and Canada, the dispute between the EU and India, and the IP position of the EU at the Seattle ministerial meeting), coupled with existing data about the ability of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2016, 11:52

... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side and proponents of weak fundamentals as the major cause on the other ... when the bank is economically insolvent The tradeoffs involved will, among others, be of a public choice nature and include the importance of the particular financial institution to the local economy ... credit away from other segments of the economy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the time of the systemic crisis This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of already weak...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 08:15

... Gertler 2004) Another Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only core theme in the understanding of the role of the state in the knowledge-based economy (innovation ... Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’: Biotechnology and the Competition State Abstract The central ... Philip G 1990 The Changing Architecture of Politics: Structure, Agency and the Future of the State London: SAGE Cerny, Philip G 1997 Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:59

... from the governments of the Länder (states) The Zentralbankrat is then again consulted In the Netherlands, the president and the director-secretary of the Nederlandsche Bank are appointed by the ... clusters: the appointment, dismissal, and legal term of office of the governor of the central bank; the institutional location of the final authority for monetary policy and the procedures for the ... the percentage of political changes that are followed by changes in the governorship of the central bank They therefore develop an indicator of the political vulnerability of the central bank,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness of the economy, the level of debt and the share of agriculture, and with other socio-economic factors, such as the age of the population, ... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal The third tenet of the formal voting theory emphasizes the importance of the form of the voting game’ On the contrary, there are ... 16 The political economy of taxation The volatility of the income will also affect the magnitude of the welfare state If the fluctuation of income increases (for example as a consequence of industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... calculated on the basis of the length of 180 GERMAN POLITICS their insurance record and the amount of contributions paid (calculated as a percentage of income, up to a cut-off point) In addition, the 1957 ... changes in the gross pay of active workers The main aim of the government’s pension policy was to adjust the revenues of the pension insurance funds to the expenditure required to serve the entitlements ... weakening of the tripartite structure of the Bundesagentur to a rather vague appeal to the ‘elites of the nation’ to assist in creating employment opportunities for the unemployed The commission’s...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... perish the thought!5 In a similar vein, and in recognition of the national aspirations of the Australian code, the editor of the Footballer suggested in 1881 that the sooner the name of the game ... scholars offer a detailed comparative analysis of the history of each code across various states.2 Geoffrey Blainey, on the other hand, in the penultimate chapter of his book on the origins of Australian ... overview serves as the foundation for more detailed analyses of the political economy of the football world in the period after World War II, a task taken up in the remaining chapters of the book Murky...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... the societal debates about environment and political economy rather than just the academic debates over the theories of the political economy of the environment Naturally, given the breadth of ... is the first to concentrate exclusively on the political economy of the global environment, striving to integrate the debates within the “real world” of global policy and the “academic world” of ... environments The issues that shape the relationship between the global political economy and the environment are, of course, often technical and scientific But they are frequently also socioeconomic and political...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 10:55

... other western countries The Philippines, on the other hand, served as the extension of the US market in the Pacific Since their full integration into the global economy in mid-19th century, the ... and the Philippines, civilian rulers prevailed even during periods of authoritarian rule The differences in the organization of the political leadership owe much to the construction of the political ... forces: in the economic model, the state retreats from the economy, and the market ensures the efficient allocation of resources (World Bank 2002, Friedman 1999); in the political model, the state,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 14:03

... individual has of the likely behavior of others Strategies are designed based on the individual’s perceptions of the likely benefits or costs that they will receive in light of their own and others’ actions ... regardless of the level of the target group Finally, since the development agency is the source of the aid, it usually retains a great deal of control over the distribution of these resources ... utilize theory to put the answers together, explain processes, and predict outcomes Economic theory, game theory, the theory of complex adaptive systems, transaction cost theory, and theories of public...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 23:39

... the societal debates about environment and political economy rather than just the academic debates over the theories of the political economy of the environment Naturally, given the breadth of ... is the first to concentrate exclusively on the political economy of the global environment, striving to integrate the debates within the “real world” of global policy and the “academic world” of ... concentrations of carbon dioxide—could mean an even higher rate of extinctions.54 The history of deforestation is typical of the destructive impact of the global political economy Almost half of world’s...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:44

... xiii The political economy of development Institutions of the global economy Frontier institutions Why is money so important? Institutions matter Chapter plan 12 Money in the political economy of ... readers to put the development industry into the context of the global political economy of development, or at least that is the book’s aim In other words, despite all the recent talk of poverty ... economic and political orthodoxy of the advocates of globalisation Also available The End of Development: Modernity, Post-Modernity and Development Trevor Parfitt The Political Economy of Turkey...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... the Northern states, borrowing money from them rarely helps the poor, it just deepens the debt cycle and turns the private sector of the developing country into a playground for the rich of the ... sources The Great Predators then lend, with attendant terms of conditionality But because these Great Predators are captured by firms of Northern states, and because they serve the interests of their ... the reader to the contours of the political economy of development and the institutional regime within which ‘creditor states’13 compete and co-operate in the extension of markets The term ‘creditor...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... possibilities and denials In other words, in the promotion of The Market’ of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) period, a deepening of the management of markets by the IFIs took place: markets ... and have-nots is maintained; the technical slights of hand are the implementing policy machine of the political economy of development It is worth looking beyond the jargon Similarly, we saw ... that the privilege of the IFC’s position relative to the country’s government, and the investment guarantees they would insist on, would shelter them from all sorts of risks and threats to their...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... ‘free’ trade (and the associated reduction of the ability of governments to tax moving goods), the role of assuring profitability in the circuit of finance capital, particularly at the international ... senior official in the CDC in 1993, referring to the case of Kenya, noted that the CDC would take investment decisions: by understanding the human nature of these people, how they are moving and the ... were the ‘winners’ of the Second World War Since 1948, these have pooled their resources in a global system of public credit Politically, this system collectivised the management of empire, as the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... arguably, the Corporation became the sole acceptable representative of the British state, with promotion of local citizens and the presence of the Regional Controller and office which ‘took the edge off ... reintegration into the world economy, with the CDC acting as the chair of the ‘committee managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie’, to misquote Marx The CDC was in co-operation with the World ... interests: those of the British state which sponsored it and the particular interests of the people it would employ overseas given the structural position of the colonies in the world economy and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... because of it, as the analysis in this book argues Bearing this in mind, the rest of this chapter, and the next two, will explore the suggestion that the process of the political economy of concessional ... risk in the markets of the South, emerged This chapter has given an historical review of the frontier institutions of the British state and an account of the changing role of the CDC in managing ... since the: security offered for the loan was not and could not be challenged Apart from the fact that the assets of the Corporation amounted to many times the amount of any loan contemplated, the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... in terms of other types of comparative benchmarks, such as large relative to the size of the markets in which they are spent, or large once combined with the additional finance they often ‘leverage ... Israel or Egypt, the worst was to be Cuba from 1959); and, finally, the developmental objective, which is of course the one which is the subject of the most publicity Under the category of geostrategic ... with their own plant and factories, such as roads or electricity Simply put, the workers of the global South are buying, through their debt repayments, the means of their own exploitation Thus, the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... widely, as well as a rare insight on the profitability of the Great Predators The MMC ranked the profitability of the CDC and other bilateral equivalents in terms of the gross income that each organisation ... policy At the end of 2004 had a total invested portfolio of around €55 mill Representatives of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sit on the board of directors The bank’s ... overseas, rather than the reality of a situation where the flow is in the other direction in terms of many of the poorest countries and is in the UK’s favour overall So what about the much publicised...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20