the challenge for institutional and legal change

... wells, handpumps and ponds For the first in the history of advertising - these were branded Special stickers were put on the handpumps, the walls of the wells were lined with advertising tiles and ... admit that they actually sell their products in areas they would otherwise find difficult, simply because there are other uses for them For instance, 16 Buffaloes displayed at the haats for sale ... in a position to view their marketing mix in the form of 4+1P and 1R, and thereby customize their offerings to the rural market Further, to ensure a wider participation the marketing mix at its...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... designers in the optimization of their designs The 18 Knowledge and the firm advantages for the automaker are significant First, the market demands regular production of new models, and by avoiding the ... shaped by the firm’s assets and the evolution path it has adopted or inherited These theories emphasize the significance of knowledge, and place the practices that surround the development and use ... have changed over the past century and how these changes explain the shifts in international industrial leadership Drawing on the above contributions, the chapters of this book take up the challenge...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... 2000) The blending of transaction costs economics and the resource-based theory makes it possible to understand the constraints and the limitations that the costs of using the hierarchies and the ... coordination and transaction There is no analysis of the knowledge and the competence necessary to coordinate and use the markets respectively and hence little room is left for understanding the process ... understanding the firm A clear understanding of the role of technological and organizational knowledge in the theory of the firm is provided by the resource-based approach 32 Knowledge and the firm...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... process and activity The problem for both academics conceptualizing the process and for firms themselves is how wide should they conceive the process to be For firms themselves, part of the reason ... teams and components can be ready when the plane arrives and problems can be solved before they create a major difficulty for the company and its customer For companies like Rolls-Royce, therefore, ... property is the ‘performance’ effect, whereby a new service may improve the performance of the good The most obvious 62 Knowledge and the firm Services Maintenance and repair Repurchase, disposal and recycling...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... month The charge for the basic Internet bank service is comparable to the charge the bank demands for a mailing service for paying bills through the centralized Swedish systems for paying bills The ... which can profitably be performed by a commercial provider Enabling innovations, on the other hand, provide the consumers with the tools and knowledge to perform the task themselves Internet banking ... database included information on mailings to the customer and whether the customer had responded to these, the latest transactions, and the customer’s overall connections to the bank When this...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... competition on the one hand, with call centres, and on the other hand, with PC connections in the near future It was acknowledged that the work on the BDT platform was running late and consumed ... about the services for the Internet will be reutilized for the PC version of the minitel service because of the ergonomic proximity (both used PC as a means of connection) Nevertheless, the form ... between the customer’s operations and the carrying out of the transaction by the bank; and (4) a possibility to subscribe online to minitel banking, and to look and research the movements on the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... changing the institutional rules for the rest of the industry; this supports the notion of the so-called institutional entrepreneur (Hoffman, 2000), the actor who is able to change the rules of the ... of the sources that contributed to the formation of a firms’ early knowledge base, which included the origin and background of the entrepreneurs and the set of formal and informal linkages they ... although the chances of success depend very much on the nature of the 158 Innovation and firm strategy technologies, the resources available and the background of the entrepreneurs On the other hand,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... sources; (2) the conditions in which they searched for these sources and their ability to gain access to and establish relationships with them, as well as the capacity to absorb and use the knowledge ... all of the 23 themes lend themselves to meaningful interpretation, and a few of the meaningful themes appear quite randomly across the 180 patents, as indeed they should on the basis of their ... a variety of national and foreign databases for R&D projects and patents and the consultation of firms’ web pages, as well as other documentation available on them The information obtained was...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... The research mandate of GRIs in this field, on the other hand, allows them to share much of the combinatorial cognitive advantages of food firms, and they orchestrate and appropriate their own R&D ... to the 1980s To conclude, the pattern is entirely inconsistent with – and in some respects the opposite from – the model from the technology cycle literature We may assume, therefore, that the ... than they receive assignments (j), and the level of their participations is 13.2 times higher than their number of assignments (k) The latter ratio is 4.9 for GRI, indicating their proclivity for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... detailed information exists for only a few countries, including the USA where the business sector itself collects the data (Larson, 2001).9 Fortunately, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and ... getting the better of sharing and exchanging information with the worldwide scientific community The correlation and causality between diminishing resources for corporate basic research and the declining ... rewards for themselves It enables the creation of a private asset for the ‘discoverer’ resulting from the very fact of giving up exclusive rights The need to be identified and recognized as the discoverer...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... by the linearity of the Fisher–Pry plot The ␣ is the diffusion coefficient of the product to the market If the time span between Fϭ0.1 and Fϭ0.9, is conveniently taken to express the spread of the ... competitive as they become saturated Simulating long-run technical change 265 Therefore, a dynamic demand model allowing for a slowing down of the increase in demand may deliver new insights into the growth ... is carried out in the form of a Fisher–Pry plot, the slope of the straight line corresponds to the time span in the expression of the normalized scale of the vertical axis As the logistic curve...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... 2210 and 550 ppmv by 2170 The table presents results for 550 ppmv For the 750 ppmv scenario, the costs vary US$ 4.5 to US$ 5.4 billion The variation is accounted for mainly by uncertainties in the ... On the one hand, the additional climate risk may increase the intervention (adaptation) costs, while on the other hand climate change will lead to increases in potential health benefits of these ... The contribution of the loss of human life to the overall economic losses varied from 6.5% to as high as 50% [6] Over time, the range of health impacts included has expanded and the current and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21

... principles for the care of the SARS cardiac arrest patient Each received a handout and had time for questions and answers We stressed all the modifications to the Available online http://ccforum.com/content/10/1/R3 ... defibrillation, airway management and infection control The group then observed two educators describing and demonstrating the dress-up and the dress-down method for the PPS Next, the group was divided into ... to 'remove the gloves' The education and infection control team simulated every step of the dressing and undressing to ensure safety and clarity, and then scripted and photographed the process...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20

... the data in and of itself as the basis for taking relevant action at the farm They may skip the process of systematic analysis of data and give advice based on their immediate evaluation of the ... as the observer's immediate feelings, experiences, and thoughts on the subjects and the observed [9] However, we acknowledge the risk of influential interaction between the interviewer and the ... conceptualized and conducted the interviews, transcribed and performed the major parts of the analysis and writing process MV has contributed substantially with regard to the methodology, analysis and writing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... Japan and, on the other, by the quagmire in Vietnam and the rise of oppositional movements Second, while the devaluation of the dollar created the conditions for the OPEC oil price rise, the escalation ... Michie, looks at the employment effects of macroeconomic reforms (in terms of both the performance over the first decade of reform, and the possible options for the future) in Chapter The correct ... identify and explain key processes of change in the formation of the modern world and their effects (Bernstein 2005: 5) I intend freely and somewhat randomly to explore some of these issues at both the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 05:20

... powers whether by reason of the combination of states or otherwise, but with the limitation that in a federal state the State for these purposes shall be the federal organisation and the constituent ... suppress the reporting of the true nature and extent of their entities and the nature of the transactions between the A Proposed International Accounting Standard - Reporting Turnover and Tax ... protect and further the rights of stakeholders and to make disclosures where necessary; to engage education and research to further public awareness of the workings, the social, political and the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... the exception to perform and display a variety of film and media works as part of their courses by understanding and managing the institutional, educator, and IT responsibilities imposed by the ... whole; and The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work The Copyright Act specifically recognizes that uses of copyright works for the purposes of teaching and ... to film and media educators: the doctrine of fair use, the exception for face-to-face teaching activities, and the exception for online distance education The fair use doctrine affords the broadest...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:21

... models and self-learning algorithm for In-System Information Fusion, and Real Time Supply Chain Re-planning for the In-Cloud Information Fusion (Paper VII) For the Health-IoT, we propose the In-Home ... to inform the customer what’s on The vision of I2Pack may make big transformations to the business world The information carried by the packaging will transform from static to dynamic, the flow ... summarized the new progress on these aspects for the IoT including the value creation, the role of IoT, and business model candidates One important principle in the value creation is that, the business...

Ngày tải lên: 11/05/2014, 17:28

... Innovation and Its Implications for the Demand for Skills Introduction Innovation and Employment Innovation and Skill Biases How Technical Change Affects the Demand for Skills The Paradigm of the Automobile ... does the successful introduction of new ideas change the pattern of demand for skills in companies and the economy? - How these two questions relate to each other and what is the nature of the ... understanding their effects.24 This has favoured a strong emphasis on the demand side of the relationship between the supply of technical change and the demand for skills As a consequence, the main...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22