the case of wind power generation
Tài liệu Introduction to Biosensors doc
... bioreceptor The T cell is a good example Recall that the antibody is one of the major players in the immune system There are three other important cells in charge of the body’s immune response: the B ... R2 As the sum of the voltage rise should be the same as the sum of the voltage drops, Vin ¼ V1 þ V2 (2.5) As explained earlier, there is only one path for the current flow to pass through The currents ... the voltage at the point in between the two resistors (with reference to the ground), Vout, is a fraction of the input voltage Vin, depending on the ratio of the two resistors R1 and R2 In other...
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Tài liệu National Semiconductor`s Temperature Sensor Handbook pdf
... temperature, the power device’s power dissipation, and the thermal resistance from the case to the heat sink Similarly, the power device’s case temperature depends on the device’s power dissipation and the ... that of the amplifier and try to keep the other sensor leads at the same temperature as the amplifier’s leads If the heat sink is mounted to the back side of the printed circuit board, the sensor ... equal to the LM335’s output at 75°C The amplifier has a gain of 100 to the difference between the measured temperature and the set-point The output of A1 modulates the duty cycle of the oscillator...
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Báo cáo "Investigation of the embedded fiber bragg grating temperature sensor " pdf
... coefficient of the base may add the extra nonlinearity in the shift The theoretical prediction of the nonlinearity in the thermal response of the Bragg wavelength was described in [11,12] The sensor’s ... the thermal expansion of the substrate is dominated over the thermal contraction of the fiber, and the wavelength shift is governed by the strain induced by the substrate thermal expansion and thermo-optic ... length of the sensor, typically of the order of – 10 mm The small dimensions of the fiber allow the monitoring of structures with very close clearances This paper describes performance of a prototype...
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Temperature sensors in SOI CMOS for high temperature applications
... dependencies of VBE are the core of the front-end design One of the major advantages of bandgap sensors is that the process variation of VBE has just one degree of freedom about the 0K point ... on the temperature dependencies of mobility of SiC transistor and the TC of a Schottky diode The design achieves a mean box model TC of 71ppm with a power consumption of 1.8mA and a PSRR of -47.6db@100Hz, ... depending on the thickness of the active silicon layer (at the surface above the BOX) relative to the depths of the source-drain junction and channel depletion layers in the device with the operating...
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AN0762 applications of the TC62X solid state temperature sensors
... energize the pump when the sun is heating the panels and turn off the pump when the sky is cloudy or the sun goes down To prevent rapid cycling of the pump during partly cloudy conditions, the hysteresis ... low thermal impedance between the thermistor assembly and the solar panel will also prevent rapid pump cycling by adding the solar panel’s thermal time constant to the hysteresis To select the ... warning As the sun heats the solar panel and the thermistor assembly, the pump will turn on at +100°F The pump will stay on until the temperature decreases to +80°F This ensures that the solar...
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AN0773 application circuits of the TC620TC621 solid state temperature sensors
... wide (20°F) span The thermal time constant of the solar panel will also aid in the prevention of rapid pump cycling, if the thermal resistance between the thermistor assembly and the solar panel ... energizes the pump when the sun is heating the panels, and turns off the pump when the sky becomes cloudy or the sun goes down To prevent rapid cycling of the controller during partly-cloudy skies, the ... high end of the window: EQUATION T= 782 x 22 = 17.2 kΩ A 20 kΩ potentiometer will meet this requirement Now each programming resistor can be calculated For the low end of the window, the minimum...
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AN0871 solving thermal measurement problems using TC72 and TC77 digital silicon temperature sensors
... histograms of the temperature accuracy of the sensor The histogram data shows the variance of the temperature error over a sample of sensors Figure 15 shows a histogram of the temperature error of the ... the package The Ground pin of the IC provides a low-impedance thermal path between the die and the PCB, allowing the sensor to effectively monitor the temperature of the PCB board The other non-grounded ... adjust the temperature reading of the sensor, which is in the vicinity of, but not in direct contact with, the hot object that requires an accurate temperature measurement The accumulation of the thermal...
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AN0895 oscillator circuits for RTD temperature sensors
... oscillators The RSS analysis consists of listing the magnitude of all the error terms and then multiplying the terms by the component sensitivity factor Next, the sum of the square of each error ... FIND LG AND ∆S The oscillation frequency is determined by finding the poles of the denominator of the transfer equation T(s) Or equivalent to the zeroes of the numerator N(s) of the characteristic ... Though the change of the ambient temperature is usually unavoidable; however, the power rating of a resistor can be chosen to minimize any self-heating from the I2R drop of the device Other factors,...
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AN1001 IC temperature sensor accuracy compensation with a PIC® microcontroller
... forward currents of IF1 and IF2, and the currents have a ratio of N (IF2/IF1 = N), the difference between the forward voltages (VF) has no dependency on the saturation currents of the two diodes, ... Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code • Neither Microchip ... believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions • There are dishonest and...
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a room-temperature operated hydrogen leak sensor
... The Arrhenius energy in the low temperature range is within the range of reaction limited process, whereas that of the high-temperature range may be in the higher range of the diffusionlimited processes ... 471 Fig Arrhenius plots of the reduction and oxidation speeds Slopes of the transient response of the data in Fig and of additional data were normalized by (mS/s) and their logarithmic value ... improved with the repeated exposure to hydrogen The improvement in response could be interpreted by the accumulation of the water in the film generated by hydrogen exposure The response to the humid...
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a selective nh3 gas sensor based on fe2o3–zno nanocomposites at room temperature
... of Fig 1e) The growth mechanism of the nanorods was put forward based on the above results It may be the fact that the added Fe2 O3 nanoparticles promoted the growth of ZnO nanoparticles as the ... structures The reactivity of oxides in acid–base reactions depends on the electronegativity of the metal cation The electronegativity is the measure of the Lewis acid site activity The relative ... that to the other gases is much lower The sensitivity and selectivity are better than that of the gas sensor given in Ref [12] These results indicate the fairly good NH3 selectivity of the Fe2...
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influence of polymerization temperature on nh3 response of pani tio2 thin film gas sensor
... sensor to NH3 decreased by a factor of 2–3 during 30 days Therefore, the lack of long-term stability of the fabricated sensor was of concern The resistance changes of the sensors prepared via polymerization ... and consists of coral-like particulates It is considered that such kind of structure affects the diffusion of gas into and out of the entire bulk of the fibrous film In contrast, there are almost ... process Thus, when the thin film is exposed to NH3 gas, the adsorption and desorption processes will simultaneously occur, and the thinner the films, the quicker the gas desorption Then, the resistance...
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la nanotubes sensor for room temperature detection of ammonia
... on the surface and heated at 700 ◦ C for h in open air, resulting in formation of arrays of LSCO nanotubes in the inside of the pores of the AAO template 2.4 Characterization The morphologies of ... was induced, the capacitance of the PAA sample increased by about three orders of magnitude (Fig 5a) And then the NH3 concentration decreased by 20% in every step The capacitance of the device ... loss variation with NH3 of LSCO nanotubes may have originated mainly from the NH3 molecule adsorption on the walls of LSCO nanotubes, replacement of the air in the voids of the nanopores by NH3...
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low - level detection of ethanol and h2s with temperature - modulated wo3 nanoparticle gas sensors
... periods) of the sensor response in the presence of the test gas, and the amplitude of the dc component and of the first four harmonics were extracted FFT coefficients of higher harmonics than the fourth ... induction coil in the presence of a gas flow of synthetic air (80% N2 and 20% O2 ) introduced from the bottom of the induction coil The surface of the tungsten pellet was oxidised and at the chosen temperature ... due to the accumulation of impurities at the surface of the grains in the film, that were not desorbed during the temperature modulation The limited number of measurements performed during the three-day-period...
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low-temperature h2s sensors based on ag-doped fe2o3 nanoparticles
... attributed to the aggregation of Ag particles, resulting in the decrease of the surface area of ␣-Fe2 O3 Generally, a large BET surface area will lead to improvement of the sensing properties of the sensor ... Secondly, the Ag dopants, as a catalyst, enhance the adsorption of gas molecules and accelerate the electron exchange between the sensor and the test gas [34] The two factors together contribute to the ... is probably due to the reduction of active sites correlated with the agglomeration of Ag grains [35] In this paper, the effect of calcination temperature on the response of the as-prepared Ag/␣-Fe2...
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room temperature liquefied petroleum gas (lpg) sensor based on p - polyaniline n - tio2 heterojunction
... defined as the time required to reach 90% of the final change in current, when the gas is turned on and off, respectively The device response vs time is shown in Fig for 0.1 vol% of LPG From the plot, ... may be due to the presence of sufficient gas molecules at the interface of the junction for reaction to occur From the same graph, it is found that for higher concentrations of LPG, the recovery ... probably be due to the heavier nature of LPG and the reaction products are not leaving from the interface immediately after the reaction Fig Variation of response and recovery time of the heterojunction...
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room-temperature semiconductor gas sensor based on nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide nanorod film
... experienced by the carriers in the bulk of the grain becomes comparable with the number of surface collisions because of the comparable dimension between the mean free path of the carriers and the very ... explained with the conventional space charge model One of the conceivable mechanisms is the adverse effect of adsorbed analytes on the mobility of free charge carriers The number of collision experienced ... respectively All of them display the positive response of increase in resistance except for the case of N2 injection with no discernable change, irrespective of reducing and oxidizing analyte gases Their...
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room-temperature semiconductor gas sensor based on nonstoichiometric
... experienced by the carriers in the bulk of the grain becomes comparable with the number of surface collisions because of the comparable dimension between the mean free path of the carriers and the very ... explained with the conventional space charge model One of the conceivable mechanisms is the adverse effect of adsorbed analytes on the mobility of free charge carriers The number of collision experienced ... respectively All of them display the positive response of increase in resistance except for the case of N2 injection with no discernable change, irrespective of reducing and oxidizing analyte gases Their...
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wo3 sensor response according to operating temperature experiment and modeling
... zone that lies at the periphery of the grains is induced by the environment of the layer The equations retained in the numerical model for the calculation of conduction are • the Poisson’s equation ... for the response of metal oxide gas sensors [12–14] In these studies, the sensitive layers are mainly tin oxide The authors of these papers have based their works on a potential barrier (Vs) theory ... by the Langmuir theory of the adsorption–desorption balance The analysis of the gas sensor operation using a semiconductor metallic oxide thin layer can be simplified by considering the effect of...
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wo3 thin film sensor prepared by sol–gel technique and its low-temperature sensing properties to trimethylamine
... radiation The working pressure in the analysis chamber was maintained below × 10−7 Pa during the specimen analysis To eliminate the effect of sample surface charging the shift of the XPS peak of carbon ... observed in the XRD In general, the sensitivity of the sensor is affected by the operating temperature Fig shows the relationship between the gas sensitivity and the operating temperature of WO3 thin ... 3.2 Gas sensing properties of the thin film sensors Results and discussion 3.1 The XRD and XPS analyses of the thin films Fig shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the films that were deposited...
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