the case of child labor

... on the health and development of children, the care of the elderly and disabled, the ability of employed adults to obtain and retain work, and the ability of nations to decrease the number of ... an emphasis on child labor and health and the health of female workers She has coordinated the Municipal Committee of the Child Labor Eradication Program Mayra Buvinic is Chief of the Social Development ... coverage of the impact of work on the health of individuals, families, and societies—has not been drawn The relative paucity of attention paid to the impact of working conditions on the health of families,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2014, 14:20

... (which raises the sector’s productivity of labor) is also associated with a rise in the income share of the bottom four quintiles, whereas it has the opposite effect on the income share of the richest ... variables, the export-to-GDP ratio and the ratio of the inward stock of FDI to GDP (the two significant “de facto” measures) were instrumented using their lagged value, the export-weighted real GDP of ... estimated.17 To gain further insight into the impact of globalization on inequality, the empirical model was also estimated using the income shares of the five quintiles of the population as dependent...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... Popular that aims to enroll the majority of the poor by the middle of the next decade.21 Health insurance is not the only way to improve the access of the poor to the cash they need for health care.22 ... access in the sense of geographic distance was not the problem in this case The study assessed the quality of health care provision via a series of vignettes measuring provider knowledge of the steps ... they measure the standard of living of the household as a whole, per capita consumption, or consumption per adult? Many of the usual consumer goods used in the proxy-variables index require the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 14:20

... clearly explains some of the lack of interest in the effects of income on health, an equivalently important explanation is the policy context in the United States First, the U.S is the only industrialized ... Effects of Income Support Policy on Health among the Elderly There have been only a handful of studies that directly estimate the causal effects of income transfer policies on the health of the elderly ... Thus, the study compared mortality rates between those born in the last months of 1916 (the experimental group) and those born in the first months of 1917 (the control group) They found that the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... study the impact of the household characteristics, the type of household and the caring tasks were added at the second step (model 2) Finally, to control by the level of social support, the confidant ... Spain, as in the rest of Europe, the majority of elderly people prefer to live in their homes (77%), and only with their children or in institutions as the last options in case of need (IMSERSO ... that the relationship between each of them and health is different depending on the kind of social support received The main findings of the study can be summarised as follows First, as is also the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... should reflect the urgency of the poverty and health challenge, both in terms of the size of the budget for health and other social sectors, and the share of health resources allocated to the activities ... child deaths, maternal mortality, and the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis The nations of the world have agreed that enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is one of the ... Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention) In order to achieve its aims the OECD has set up a number of specialised committees One of these is the Development Assistance...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... the presence of mineral endowments thus affected the distribution of land Apart from the nature of land endowments, the relative quantity of land and labor shapes the potential efficiency of the ... 2000) The institution of the encomienda provided the silver mines and the large colonial estates with the necessary supplies of indigenous labor. 1 The redistribution of land was facilitated by the ... analyze the various paths societies follow in the transfer of power from the elite to the citizens; that is, the process of democratization According to the authors one of the major determinants of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:48

... that the findings of this examination may be useful in the analysis of the problems of the distribution of income and wealth later in this book Chapters to explain the neo-classical theory of the ... ‘other types’ of workers Also the smaller the size of the firm, the higher the proportion of low-income earners Second, even if we confine ourselves to ‘regular employees’, the smaller the size of ... frequencies of the variable (e.g., net worth) held by the corresponding households The 45° line corresponds to the case of perfect equality The Gini coefficient is the ratio of the area of a region...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 15:21

... Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at ... influence the evolution of economics variables in the other In the first essay a two-country model is used to illustrate the interdependence of these two economies Not surprisingly, we found that the ... puts the expanded model in the control theory framework and gives a sensitivity analyse 2.2 THE MODEL 2.2.1 The Model Setup The model consists of the GDP identity and functions for each of its...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2014, 07:54

... Twins Impact of Additional Year of Father’s Schooling (Sf) on Child Schooling (w/o and w Sm) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Effect Sf 0.1 OLS OLS w Sm Twins Twins w Sm Impact of Additional Year of Mother’s Schooling ... study of poverty led by Department of International Development at the University of Oxford, with research and policy partners in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam • Fairly representative of the ... βHm(Hm) + βAm(Am) +βAm2(Am^2) + Uf Cp = Consumption per capita of parents, p Sm= Schooling attainment of mother Sf = Schooling of the father Hm = Maternal height Am = Maternal age Uf = Unobserved...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2015, 19:17

... period; the relative supply of skilled/unskilled labor affects the wage of different skill groups On the other hand, the variation of relative income influences the education decision of each ... (MASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES),NUS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 Acknowledgement Of many people who offered ... enhances the relative productivity of skilled worker and skill-biased technological change is the driving force behind the dynamics of wage gap 3.1 The Basic Structure of the Model Production of Final...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2015, 11:24

... on the labor intensity of production and, in the aggregate, on the employment elasticities of growth, the intra- and inter-sectoral dispersion of wages, as well as the overall absorption of labor ... is the neoclassical marginal productivity theory of distribution, whereby the derivation of the factoral distribution of income follows from the assumption that factors of production are paid their ... be missing the forest for the trees, or worse A second implication for evaluation of the broadening of the causal framework is the imperative of integrating a wide range of concepts of causation...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2015, 20:01

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... otherwise interfere with their participation in daily activities The health of women is one of the strongest determinants of whether and how they will use the health care system While there are considerable ... coordinators of health care for their children The vast majority, approximately 80%, of mothers shoulder main responsibility in the family for selecting their children’s doctor, taking them to doctor’s ... delve deeper into women’s experiences and further explore some of the challenges they face in their interactions with the health care system The sample of the survey was also expanded to include women...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 23:20

... complicate pregnancy or the health of the mother, or complications arising from or during pregnancy that could affect the health of the mother and child A reproductive health standard of medical necessity101 ... percent of low-income women, most of them earning less than 185 percent of poverty In 2004, 48 percent of children under 21 years of age were Medicaid recipients but accounted for only 17 percent of ... if they are to achieve equality and reach their full potential Americans worry about the inadequacies of their health care coverage, its high costs, and the problems they face in getting the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 07:20

... indication of the effects of education and health on labour productivity In the case of education, it is likely that on average across the community, the effect of a person’s level of education on their ... in the labour force if they were to become employed The outline of the paper is as follows: the aims of the research and the analytical approach are described in this chapter; a review of the ... flow-on effect that reduces the productivity of the rest of the team, so the lost productivity exceeds the wage of the absent individual Pauly et al observe that the costs of absenteeism due to illness...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... outputs, the efficiency results derived here not provide an accurate measure of the technical efficiency of the use of resources Rather, they provide a measure of whether the ratio of outcomes ... gross terms as the number of graduates over the total population of the age group representing the typical age at graduation 2/ Ratio of the test score at the 25th percentile of the score ranking ... calculations 1/ Ratio of efficiency rankings of G7 countries and the average ranking in the sample of OECD countries A ratio of implies that the country ranks at the average of the OECD sample; a...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... with of cial positions of the UNESCO or of the UNESCO Institute for Education Hamburg The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication not imply the expression of ... on the part of the UNESCO Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of the frontiers of any country or territory Theme ... representatives of 140 member states and some 400 NGOs In addition to the work of the commissions and plenary which debated the of cial documents of the Conference The Hamburg Declaration and The Agenda...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20