the case for a tragic optimism

... output and employment from their 'natural' levels In so far as it suggests that a variable inflation rate can actually help achieve a full-information ideal for resource allocation, my argument also ... contradicts the claim that a variable inflation rate is the worst kind as well as the claim that an uncertain price level 'causes agents to make more [sic] mistakes they would otherwise have avoided, ... writings also assign a crucial role to what they call 'aggregate demand externalities' as a source of sluggish price adjustment According to Ball and Mankiw (1994, p 18), 'The private and social gains...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 12:20

... whereas the Keynesians wanted a dollar standard cloaked in a fig-leaf of gold, the monetarists wanted to discard such camouflage, abandon any international money, and simply have national fiat paper ... that they applauded the Jacksonians for their alleged anti-capitalist stand The most recent Bray Hammond-Thomas Govan school have again shifted their praise to the Whigs and the Bank of the United ... saw Jackson as an ignorant agrarian trying to destroy capitalism and calling for inflation against the central bank The progressives of the Beard school took much the same approach, except that...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2014, 02:33

... The Case for a Genuine Gold Dollar Murray N Rothbard Inflationary Fiat Paper For nearly a half-century the United States and the rest of the world have experienced an unprecedented ... we are now tackling the problem in midstream, after the government has taken the dollar off gold, virtually nationalized the stock of gold, and issued dollars for decades as arbitrary and fiat ... and at radical variance from its value on the gold market In a return to the gold standard, we would begin de novo, and with a clear slate In that case, we must realize that there is no moral...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2014, 02:33

... the amendment by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (“PATRIOT Act”), the CFAA defined damage as “any impairment to the integrity or availability of data, a program, a system, or information that (A) ... supra for information about the CFAA exceptions for software manufacturers 161 See supra Part III.B 158 28 backlash because the general public views computer intrusions as an anomaly rather than ... Teale Data Center in Rancho Cordova.115 The computer database, a personnel database, housed the personal information of the state’s 265,000 employees.116 The personnel database included the names,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2016, 16:39

... workplace As we learn more and more about the negative health and safety implications of demand, control, effort and reward, employers The Business Case for a Healthy Workplace © IAPA (Industrial Accident ... psychological harassment.64 The province of Saskatchewan, Canada, followed Québec’s lead three years later, and in 2007 amended their Occupational Health and Safety Act to broaden the definition of harassment ... such cases has increased, as have the dollar The Business Case for a Healthy Workplace © IAPA (Industrial Accident Prevention Association) 2008 All rights reserved 10 3) Legislation Related to the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... “[T]here are at least companies in the UK using a predominantly nitrogen based gas mixture for killing chickens and turkeys.” In Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has also approved the use ... modules) can have greater longevity than others Again, it must be emphasized that these payback periods have been estimated using increased meat yield alone, and when all the other benefits are factored ... is available at the moment.” The authors suggest that the respiratory tract could, thus, be contaminated with bacteria from the stun bath, which could leak onto the edible portions of the carcass...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... certain aspects of x’s character, or character and location, in a way that makes them immediately available for cognitive scrutiny—though, once again, S’s capacity to take advantage of this availability ... on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Foster, John, 1941 May 5A world for us: the case for phenomenalistic ... only because ordinary usage does not always aim to describe things as they strictly are All this also applies, mutatis mutandis, to the case of the ambulance and the siren There remain the cases...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 21:33

... Joint Action (AMCJA), a coalition of the non-Malay opposition parties was formed and later joined the Malay Nationalist Party to form the PUTERA-AMCJA The PUTERA-AMCJA drafted an alternative ... consultation process under the Act has several advantages over that of the Environmental Quality Act (EQA), at least 33 Chye, Kee Thuan, Sia, Andrew and Azizan, Hariata, ‘How big are your balls?’ ... Malaysiakini’s involvement as follows Eight years ago, the few of us as Malaysiakini set about doing an unenviable task Along the way, we gave Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad a pain in the neck We gave...

Ngày tải lên: 26/09/2015, 12:48

... half of the switch is another The VLANs can be named by the administrator and are also numbered The default VLAN number is VLAN In this case, the administrator used VLAN for ports 1-12 and VLAN ... expects the normal format of the header to make an adjustment The reality is that the only devices that really need to know about the VLAN identity are the switches and, occasionally, the routers ... VLAN ID Priority Figure 12 802.1Q Tag Format The 802.1Q tag contains a protocol identifier that tells the switches that a tag is attached Following that is an area containing the VLAN ID and then...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... the case against antitrust regulation is strong enough to justify the complete repeal of all the laws 'The Case for Repeal The case for the repeal of the antitrust laws can be summarized as foHows: ... the start that this government antitrust case and the many private antitrust cases against IBM4 2Dominick T Armentano, Antitrust and Monopoly: Anatomy of a Policy Failure, 2nd ed (Oakland, Calif.: ... explain market failure actually make sense and whether the classic antitrust cases contain evidence that free-market monopoly can exist and misallocate resources If antitrust theory and history are...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 20:20

... interested parties As we can see, it is by no means clear what the literature means by, and what the advantages and disadvantages are between, traditional WOM and eWOM This may be due perhaps to the ... and sellers to carry out transactions primarily in an auction format After the transaction is complete, the seller and the winning bidder can leave feedback for each other in the form of a rating ... just a mistake or a random result Variables The concept variables used were drawn from the literature and selected to focus the qualitative investigation rather than to draw out and confirm a particular...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 22:20

... and look for a less decreasing value (or on the contrary, rising at least to some extent) A threshold of can be seen as a default value Finally, Jin and Tanaka-Ishii not take in account that VBE ... such as detection of punctuation marks, Latin characters and Arabic numbers.2 Therefore, our experiments rely on settings similar to their settings and 4, and are evaluated against the same corpora ... correct the drawbacks of Jin and Tanaka-Ishii (2006) model and reach performances comparable to those of Wang et al (2011) with as simpler system Evaluation In this paper, in order to be comparable...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... S290-295 Conde-Agudelo, A. , Rosas-Bermudez, A & Kafury-Goeta, A. C (2006) Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-analysis Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295, ... York: Ardent Media U.S Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS) (2004) The health consequences of smoking: A report of the surgeon general Atlanta, GA: Author U.S Department of Health and ... Washington, DC: National Academy Press © 2013 March of Dimes Foundation Guidelines and References Page Preconception Health Promotion: The Foundation for a Healthier Tomorrow Jack, B.W & Atrash,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20

... Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National ... technical area is a major collaborative effort of the individual partners, the national laboratories, and a few universities The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ... SUSANNA CLARENDON, Financial Associate PANOLA GOLSON, Project Assistant ANA-MARIA IGNAT, Project Assistant SHANNA LIBERMAN, Project Assistant NAE = National Academy of Engineering viii Acknowledgments...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... because it facilitates specialization Note that the more detailed and sophisticated the measurement the greater is the potential benefit of specialization Brain imaging data are of a radically ... expositional device not meant to be taken literally.9 The formula encapsulates the behavioral assumptions of the theory in a user-friendly way and thereby facilitates applications of the theory ... While Al and Naucia both revealed an identical disutility, a neurally-detailed account tells us more Al has an inelastic demand for peanuts-you can’t pay him enough to eat them!-while Naucia would...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... enough to allow comparative advantages to last for extended periods The advent of technology as a major tradeable asset has radically changed the dynamics of trade among nations What the centuries’ ... plan for and thereby make the transition to the next major technology, the smart phone, where not just basic design and manufacturing are important Operating and other software, for example, are ... largely determined by endowed assets (arable land, navigable water ways, minerals deposits, etc.) The fact that these assets were available in at most slowly changing quantities facilitated the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... Wind Damage Investigation, and the U.S.-Japan Natural Disaster Task Committee on WindHazards He has served on the board of the American Association for Wind Engineering and is a member of the American ... Federal Emergency Management Agency INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Emeritus California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Bonnie Johnson Director Aerodynamic Laboratories National Institute for Aviation Research Wichita State University Wichita, Kansas Atul...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 19:20

... in the usual sources of prior art, and alternative databases and information systems may not be in place to make prior art readily available to the examiner The examiner necessarily relies heavily ... and Agricultural Innovation in Africa 21 but in many areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, innovation remains largely a public enterprise and a public good With the advent of biotechnology and the ... Case for Change 47 Impacts of U.S Patents and Patent Policy 47 The Case for Policy Change 51 chapter six: Analyzing and Changing American Patent Policy 56 Framework for Analyzing Alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 22:07

... definition of the taxable transactions and assets, the taxable events, tax basis and tax rates, the taxpayers and the criteria to recognize the financial intermediaries to be mandated and instructed ... depth analyses The following levies are analysed on the basis of the criteria described above ■■ A financial sector activity tax ■■ A VAT on financial services ■■ A broad financial transactions tax ... the taxable events, tax basis17 and a range of tax rates, the taxpayers18 and the criteria to recognise the financial intermediaries to be mandated and instructed to collect the tax19 the framework...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20