the c standard template library book

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Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 21:14

... type  Generic algorithms act on objects in containers  Iterators provide access to objects in the containers yet hide the internal structure of the container Slide 18- 17 Copyright © 2007 ... beyond the of the container.  c. front( ); // returns the first element in the // container (same as *c. begin( );)  c. back( ); //returns the last element in the container // same as *( c. end( ... Addison-Wesley More Common Container Members  c. swap(other_container); // swaps contents of // c and other_container.  c. push_back(item); // appends item to container c  c. begin( ); // returns...

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Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... perhaps explicitly, make cost/accuracy trade-offs when working with source code. These trade-offs also 0 cost/accuracy trade-off occur in their interaction with identifiers. 1.4 Visual word recognition This ... pronunciation can change or the concept it denotes can be replaced by another word. An identifier, once declared in the source, rarely has its spelling modified. The cognitive demands of a particular ... provided by all of the constructs in which they occur, including: • A declaration (which may include an associated comment) provides information on the type, scope, and various other attributes....

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... what the standard calls a decimal constant, which corresponds to the common case. When they occur in source, both octal and hexadecimal constants are usually referred to by these names, respectively. ... calls C0 and C1 ). Most of the UCNs with values less than 00A0 represent characters in the basic source character set. The exceptions listed enumerate characters that are in the Ascii character set, ... a recommended practice. C9 0 Recommended practices are new in C9 9, as are hexadecimal floating constants. C ++ The C ++ Standard does not specify support for hexadecimal floating constants. Coding...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15

... objects. Its usage also specifies the type of the allocated object. The C library is also included in the C ++ Standard, providing access to the malloc and calloc library functions (which do not contain ... caches to their processors. In some cases there can be an on-chip cache and an cache 0 off-chip cache, the former being smaller but faster (and more expensive) than the latter. • Processors can ... } 959 For all other accesses to an object having no declared type, the effective type of the object is simply the type effective type lvalue used for access of the lvalue used for the access. Commentary This...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15

... integer constant. The C9 9 contexts in which the result is not an integer constant all involve constructs that are new in C9 9. C ++ Like C9 0, the C ++ Standard specifies that the result is a constant. ... recursive call, do not affect the value of the newly created object. 1026 function call recursive Storage for the unnamed object is created on block entry. Executing a statement containing a compound 1078 ... (int)-1 may not occur in the visible source code, it could easily occur as the result of macro replacement of the operand of the sizeof operator. This is one of the reasons behind the guideline recommendation...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:15

... considered to be excessive. It would require the use of the memmove library function rather than the memcpy library function. C ++ The C ++ Standard requires (5.18p8) that the objects have the same type. ... difference may result in values being accessed from registers in C9 0 while they will be accessed from storage in C9 9. C ++ The C ++ Standard explicitly specifies the behavior for creating a composite ... operators affects the characteristics of the source that translator vendors expect to frequently 0 source code characteristics encounter (e.g., because developers are expected to write x * =3 rather than x=x * 3 )....

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:15

... than the subsequence definition in the same scope, C ++ This form of declaration would not have the desired affect in C ++ because the braces form a scope. The declaration of s2 would need to be completed ... principle of “cacheing”: under certain circumstances the compiler can remember the last value accessed (read or written) from a location, and use this retained value the next time that location ... into the same cache line. The affect cache 0 may be that assumptions about cache line interaction, made when deciding what machine code to generate, are no longer true. The performance impact of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 15:15

... in C9 9. C ++ The concept of current object is new in C9 9 and is not specified in the C ++ Standard. It is not needed because the ordering of the initializer is specified (and the complications ... how the current object maps to the object being initialized. Some of this knowledge is encoded in the extensive examples provided in the Standard. C9 0 The concept of current object is new in C9 9. C ++ The ... Initialization 1684 C9 0 The string literal case was not explicitly specified in the C9 0 Standard, but was added by the response to DR #060. C ++ The C ++ Standard specifies that objects having static storage...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 15:15

... of these, control flow altering, instructions only. The kinds of instructions that change control flow are: conditional branches CB, unconditional branches UB, indirect procedure calls IC, procedure ... that duplicate case constant expressions in the enclosing switch statement.) Commentary This specification (semantics in a Constraints clause) clarifies the interpretation to be given to the phrase “in the ... number of conditional branch instructions in the program image. Of the 17,565 static branch sites, 69 branches account for the execution of 50% of all dynamic conditional branches. Not all branches will...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 09:15

... /proj/abc.h ) on the identity of the current directory. gcc searches two directories, /usr/include and another directory that holds very machine speci c files, such as stdarg.h (e.g., /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/include on ... simply follow the behavior described 1898 #include places to search for by the following C sentence (which has the consequence of eventually checking these other places). 1901 If this search is not ... placemarker preprocessing token occurs because the ## operator does not cross replacement boundaries. C9 0 The explicitly using the concept of a placemarker preprocessing token is new in C9 9. C ++ The...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 09:15

... 2 Decode 1 Fetch 3 Decode 2 Execute 1 Fetch 4 Decode 3 Execute 2 Memory access 1 Fetch 5 Decode 4 Execute 3 Memory access 2 Write back 1 Fetch 6 Decode 5 Execute 4 Memory access 3 Write back 2 time ... storage used in PC-like computers. Modern, performance-based processors have two or more caches. A level 1 cache (called the L1 cache), which can respond within a few clock cycles (two on the Pentium ... along with a discussion of the differences. • No C ++ sentence can be associated with a C9 9 sentence. This often occurs because of a construct that does not appear in the C ++ Standard and this...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... In fact as subjects’ confidence increased, the accuracy of the calibration of their own ability went down. Once they had seen the question, and answered it, subjects were able to accurately calibrate ... in the selection of an objective or in the specification of the means to achieve it, irrespective of whether the actions directed by this decision-scheme run according to plan. Mistakes are further ... generally accepted theory of the root cause of cognitive effort. It is a recognized effect and developers’ reluctance to experience it is a factor in the specification some of the guideline recommendations. What...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... space character.comment replaced by space Commentary The C committee had to choose how many space characters a comment was converted into, including zero. The zero case had the disadvantage of causing ... that the implementation-defined behavior was documented. However, neither organization checked the accuracy of the documented behavior. C9 0 Support for locale-speci c characteristics is new in C9 9. ... an Ascii value in the source character set and an EBCDIC value in the execution character set. The $ character will have been mapped to the source character set in translation phase 1. In the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20