the c programming language pdf 3rd edition

... of l L character-literal: ? ?c- char-sequence’ L? ?c- char-sequence’ c- char-sequence: c- char c- char-sequence c- char c- char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \" ... h-char h-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and > q-char-sequence: q-char q-char-sequence q-char q-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and " pp-number:

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... time clock might be declared: e xt er n c on st v ol at il e c lo ck ex te rn co ns t vo la ti le cl oc k; Two successive reads of c lo ck might give different results cl oc k A.8 Classes See Chapter ... direct-abstract-declarator: direct-abstract-declaratoropt ( parameter-declaration-clause ) cv-qualifier-seqopt exception-specificationopt direct-abstract-declaratoropt [ constant-expressionopt ] ( abstract-declarator ... nested-name-specifier template template-id base-clauseopt class-key: class struct union member-specification: member-declaration member-specificationopt access-specifier : member-specificationopt member-declaration:

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... faster than the other With modern compilers, identical code should be generated for both examples (see §5.9[8]) Programmers can choose between the versions on logical and aesthetic grounds The result ... prefix * operator dereferences a pointer so that *p is the character pointed to by p p p,and ++ increments the pointer so that it refers to the next element of the array There is no inherent reason ... Section 5.3.1 Navigating Arrays 93 is equivalent to a traversal using a pointer: v oi d f p (c r v vo id fp ch ar v[]) { f or (c r* p = v *p 0; p fo r ch ar v; p!=0 p++) u se p); us e(*p } The

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... Other conventions, such as .C C, .c cx xx x, .c cp pp p, and .c cc c, are also found. The manual for your com- piler will be quite specific about this issue. The reason for recommending that the ... [file.header] The types in all declarations of the same object, function, class, etc., must be consistent. Conse- quently, the source code submitted to the compiler and later linked together must be consistent. ... names in the first, private, part can be pu bl ic used only by member functions The second, public, part constitutes the public interface to objects The C+ + Programming Language,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... g&, c on st c r*); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t ch ar To save space, I have left the I/O and concatenation operations as exercises The main program simply exercises the S tr in ... rc mp x.r ep s, y.r ep s) 0; }; S tr in g o pe to r+ (c on st S tr in g&, c on st S tr in g&); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t St ri ng S tr in g o pe to r+ (c on st S tr in g&, c ... Section 11.12 A String Class 297 f ri en d b oo l o pe to r!= (c on st S tr in g& x c on st S tr in g& y fr ie nd bo ol op er at or co ns t St ri ng x, co ns t St ri ng y) { r et ur n s tr cm

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... crucial to the performance of the lookup, and for common and obvious key types such as s tr in g and C- style strings, the overhead of an extra comparison could be sigst ri ng nificant I could have ... synthesized from a less-than operation ma p, sh _m ap (§17.1.4.1) This is because of the call of e q() in the loop that looks through elements with the eq same hash value This loop is crucial ... nificant I could have used a s et En tr y> to represent the set of values that have the same hash value se t cl as s al lo ca to r cl as s al lo ca to r

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... to 25 characters long) from c in is ci n the bottleneck in your system Write an input function that reads such strings as fast as you can think of You can choose the interface to that function ... It encapsulates many cultural differences Locales are implicitly used by the I/O system and are only briefly described here §21.8 C I/O: The p ri nt f() function from the C library and the C library’s ... standard input (c in and error output (c er r) To use other co ut ci n), ce rr devices or files, streams must be created and attached to those files or devices The mechanisms for opening and closing

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... by the class Constructors The actions required to initialize instances of the class or the class itself Destructors The actions to perform before instances of the class are permanently discarded ... discarded Types The nested types declared by the class Accessibility Meaning public Access not limited protected Access limited to this class and classes derived from this class internal Access limited ... 1.6 Classes and Objects 19 1. Introduction 1.6.2 Accessibility Each member of a class has an associated accessibility, which controls the regions of pro- gram text that are able to access the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... SECOND EDITION THE lNG GUAGE BRIAN W KERNIGHAN DENNIS M RITCHIE PRENTICE HALL SOFTWARE SERIES THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition Brian ... block, would export the declaration to the rest of the file The Standard makes it clear that the scope of such a declaration is just the block • The scope of parameters is injected into a function's ... 56, 105 INDEX The C Programming Language Second Edition Brian W Kernighan/Dennis M Ritchie From the Preface We have tried to retain the brevity of the first edition C is not a big language, and

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 21:51

... chúng Chương 19: Toán tử đ? ?c biệt, c? ?ch x? ?c định sử dụng toán tử (VD: [], (), ->, new), “Đ? ?c biệt” chỗ chúng sử dụng c? ?ch kh? ?c với toán tử số h? ?c logic Đ? ?c biệt, chương c? ?ch định nghĩa String Class ... tượng c? ??u tr? ?c phân c? ??p lớp: Chương 17: Xây dựng, Hủy bỏ, Sao chép Di chuyển trình bày nhiều c? ?ch kh? ?c để kiểm soát vi? ?c khởi tạo đối tượng lớp, c? ?ch chép di chuyển đối tượng c? ?ch cung c? ??p '' hành ... th? ?c Class + Menber Funtions (Hàm thành phần); Default Copying (Bản m? ?c định); Access Control (Kiểm soát truy c? ??p); class and struct (Lớp c? ??u tr? ?c) ; Constructors( Khởi tạo); explicit Constructors(

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2022, 19:11

... abstract class providing the interface and the other is a protected concrete class providing implementation ‘‘details.’’ These roles are reflected in both the style of the classes and in the access ... two classes override a base class function, but neither overrides the other, the class hierarchy is an error No virtual function table can be constructed because a call to that function on the complete ... specifier for a base class controls the access to members of the base class and the conversion of pointers and references from the derived class type to the base class type Consider a class D derived

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... me ch ar s, si ze _t ma x, co ns t ch ar fo rm at co ns t tm tm p) This function places a maximum of m ax characters from *t mp and the f or ma t into *s according the ma x tm p fo rm at s f ... 10 X part of the C+ + standard, but some platform standards, such as POSIX, require them Consequently, modifiers can be difficult to avoid even if their use isn’t perfectly portable The s pr in ... } c at ch ( ) { ca tc h h an dl e_ io ex ce pt io n(s ; nd le _i oe xc ep ti on s) // see §D.4.2.2 } r et ur n s re tu rn s; } The call g et _d at e(s en d,s re s,&x relies on two implicit conversions

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... Instance Constructors 343 10.11 Static Constructors 349 10.12 Destructors 352 11 Structs 355 11.1 Struct Declarations 355 11.2 Struct Members 356 11.3 Class and Struct Differences ... 471 20 Generics 473 20.1 Generic Class Declarations 473 20.2 Generic Struct Declarations 484 20.3 Generic Interface Declarations 484 20.4 Generic Delegate Declarations 486 20.5 Constructed Types ... means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. For

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... serialized. You can set the name of the collection, the name of elements within the collection, and the XML namespace associated with the collection. • : Allows you to set the names ... later, the Photo Service responds, letting us know of any issues or if the account creation was successful. For any issues, we need to notify the user. If the account creation was successful, ... the new account request, and so forth. If you’re writing a service, you should provide this information. Anyway, to call the RESTful service and create the new service user account, you use the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 06:20

... unlike the Java language. Also, the fact that the declaration order is insignificant in C# is unlike the C+ + language. n n  Notice in the previous example the using Acme.Collections ... instance field. Every instance of a class contains a separate copy of all the instance fields of that class. In the following example, each instance of the Color class has a separate copy of the ... acme.cs, the command line csc /t:library acme.cs compiles the example as a library (code without a Main entry point) and produces an assembly named acme.dll. Assemblies contain executable code...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... S St ta ac ck k: :p pu us sh h(s st ta ac ck k s s, c ch ha ar r c c) { /* check s for overflow and push c */ } c ch ha ar r S St ta ac ck k: :p po op p(s st ta ac ck k s s) { /* check s for ... implementation could consist of everything from the concrete class S St ta ac ck k that we left out of the interface S St ta ac ck k: c cl la as ss s A Ar rr ra ay y_ _s st ta ac ck k : p pu ub bl li ic c ... r c c) { /* check for overflow and push c */ } c ch ha ar r S St ta ac ck k: :p po op p() { /* check for underflow and pop */ } The user code goes in a third file, say u us se er r .c c. The code...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... extern. In certain circumstances, the extern declaration can be omitted. If the definition of the external variable occurs in the source file before its use in a particular function, then there is ... file3 to connect the occurrences of the variable. The usual practice is to collect extern declarations of variables and functions in a separate file, historically called a header, that is included ... A character constant is an integer, written as one character within single quotes, such as 'x'. The value of a character constant is the numeric value of the character in the machine's...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2012, 17:10

... the same. But there are situations where one or the other is specifically called for. For instance, consider the function squeeze(s ,c) , which removes all occurrences of the character c from the ... A character constant is an integer, written as one character within single quotes, such as 'x'. The value of a character constant is the numeric value of the character in the machine's character ... integers, although they are most often used in comparisons with other characters. Certain characters can be represented in character and string constants by escape sequences like \n (newline); these sequences...

Ngày tải lên: 16/08/2012, 11:09