the c programming language exercise 1 11

... Destructors 352 11 Structs 355 11 .1 Struct Declarations 355 11 .2 Struct Members 356 11 .3 Class and Struct Differences 357 11 .4 Struct Examples 362 12 Arrays 367 12 .1 Array Types 367 12 .2 ... Unboxing 11 2 5 Variables 11 5 5 .1 Variable Categories 11 5 5.2 Default Values 11 9 5.3 Definite Assignment 11 9 5.4 Variable References 13 3 5.5 Atomicity of Variable References 13 3 ... 411 17 .1 Attribute Classes 411 17 .2 Attribute Specification 414 17 .3 Attribute Instances 420 17 .4 Reserved Attributes 422 17 .5 Attributes for Interoperation 427 18 Unsafe Code 429 18 .1 Unsafe Contexts

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... synthesized from a less-than operation ma p, sh _m ap (? ?17 .1. 4 .1) This is because of the call of e q() in the loop that looks through elements with the eq same hash value This loop is crucial ... crucial to the performance of the lookup, and for common and obvious key types such as s tr in g and C- style strings, the overhead of an extra comparison could be sigst ri ng nificant I could have ... nificant I could have used a s et En tr y> to represent the set of values that have the same hash value se t cl as s al lo ca to r cl as s al lo ca to r

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... It encapsulates many cultural differences Locales are implicitly used by the I/O system and are only briefly described here § 21. 8 C I/O: The p ri nt f() function from the C library and the C library’s ... standard input (c in and error output (c er r) To use other co ut ci n), ce rr devices or files, streams must be created and attached to those files or devices The mechanisms for opening and closing ... from) The basic techniques for buffering streams are presented § 21. 7 Locale: A l oc al e is an object that specifies how numbers are printed, what characters are lo ca le considered letters, etc

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of l L character-literal: ? ?c- char-sequence’ L? ?c- char-sequence’ c- char-sequence: c- char c- char-sequence c- char c- char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \" ... h-char h-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and > q-char-sequence: q-char q-char-sequence q-char q-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and " pp-number:

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... , and a constructor. Assuming that the source code of the example is stored in the file acme.cs , the command line csc /t:library acme.cs compiles the example as a library (code without ... component; and they incorporate their own documentation. C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a very natural language in which to create and use software components. ... .cs . Assuming that the “Hello, World” program is stored in the file hello.cs , the program can be compiled with the Microsoft C# compiler using the command line csc hello.cs which

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 0 18 ,446,744,073,709,5 51, 615 Floating point 32 float 1. 5 × 10 –45 to 3.4 × 10 38 , 7-digit precision 64 double 5.0 × 10 –324 to 1. 7 × 10 308 , 15 -digit precision Decimal 12 8 decimal 1. 0 × 10 ... that occur during execution of a block, and the try-finally statement is used to specify finalization code that is always executed, whether an exception occurred or not. The checked and unchecked ... Hejlsberg.book Page 17 Friday, October 10 , 2003 7:35 PM 1. Introduction 18 1. Introduction 1. 6 Classes and Objects Classes are the most fundamental of C# ’s types. A class is a data structure that combines

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 1. 6 Classes and Objects 19 1. Introduction 1. 6.2 Accessibility Each member of a class has an associated accessibility, which controls the regions of pro- gram text that are able to access the ... by the class Constructors The actions required to initialize instances of the class or the class itself Destructors The actions to perform before instances of the class are permanently discarded ... Friday, October 10 , 2003 7:35 PM 1. 6 Classes and Objects 21 1. Introduction In the following example, each instance of the Color class has a separate copy of the r, g, and b instance fields, but there

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 1. 6 Classes and Objects 29 1. Introduction 1. 6.6 Other Function Members Members that contain executable code are collectively known as the function members of a class. The preceding section ... Indexer continues Hejlsberg.book Page 29 Friday, October 10 , 2003 7:35 PM 1. Introduction 30 1. Introduction 1. 6.6 .1 Constructors C# supports both instance and static constructors. An instance constructor ... List { const int defaultCapacity = 4; Constant object[] items; int count; Fields public List(): this(defaultCapacity) {} public List(int capacity) { items = new object[capacity]; } Constructors

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 7 10 9 10 9 10 9 11 0 11 0 11 2 11 3 11 4 14 Generic Programming 14 .1 Basic Generic Design: Typedefs, Macros, and Unions 14 .1. 1 Typedefs 14 .1. 2 Macros ... 11 5 11 5 11 5 11 6 11 6 11 7 11 7 12 1 12 3 iv 15 Data Structures 15 .1 Efficiency and Time Complexity 15 .2 Arrays 15 .3 Linked Lists 15 .4 Circular ... 79 80 81 82 83 84 11 Structures and Unions 11 .1 Structures 11 .2 Operations on Structures 11 .3 Arrays of Structures 11 .4 Self-Referential Structures 11 .5 Typedefs

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 17:10

... CONIENTS lx Preface Chapter Introduction Chapter I A Tutorial Introduction 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 t.4 1. 5 1. 6 t.7 1. 8 1. 9 l.l0 1. 1 I Chapter 2 .1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2 .10 2.tl 2 .12 Getting Started ... Listing Directories Example - A Storage Allocator 14 3 15 9 15 9 16 0 16 2 Getc 16 4 16 5 16 9 17 3 C Reference Manual t79 Introduction Lexical conventions Syntax notation What's in a name? 17 9 r83 Objects and ... Appendix A 14 15 t79 18 2 18 2 18 3 18 5 2tl vlll THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 17 Portability considerations Anachronisms 18 Syntax Summary 16 Index 2tt 2t2' 214 t 22t PREFACE C is a general-purpose programming

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:27

... Declarations A .10 .1 Function Definitions A .10 .2 External Declarations A .11 Scope and Linkage A .11 .1 Lexical Scope A .11 .2 Linkage A .12 Preprocessing A .12 .1 Trigraph Sequences A .12 .2 Line Splicing ... Output 1. 5 .1 File Copying 1. 5.2 Character Counting 1. 5.3 Line Counting 1. 5.4 Word Counting 1. 6 Arrays 1. 7 Functions 1. 8 Arguments - Call by Value 1. 9 Character Arrays 1. 10 External Variables and Scope ... string cs to string ct; return ct char *strchr(cs ,c) return pointer to first occurrence of c in cs or NULL if not present char *strrchr(cs ,c) return pointer to last occurrence of c in cs or NULL

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:34

... chúng Chương 19 : Toán tử đ? ?c biệt, c? ?ch x? ?c định sử dụng toán tử (VD: [], (), ->, new), “Đ? ?c biệt” chỗ chúng sử dụng c? ?ch kh? ?c với toán tử số h? ?c logic Đ? ?c biệt, chương c? ?ch định nghĩa String Class ... tượng c? ??u tr? ?c phân c? ??p lớp: Chương 17 : Xây dựng, Hủy bỏ, Sao chép Di chuyển trình bày nhiều c? ?ch kh? ?c để kiểm soát vi? ?c khởi tạo đối tượng lớp, c? ?ch chép di chuyển đối tượng c? ?ch cung c? ??p '' hành ... th? ?c Class + Menber Funtions (Hàm thành phần); Default Copying (Bản m? ?c định); Access Control (Kiểm soát truy c? ??p); class and struct (Lớp c? ??u tr? ?c) ; Constructors( Khởi tạo); explicit Constructors(

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2022, 19:11

... time clock might be declared: e xt er n c on st v ol at il e c lo ck ex te rn co ns t vo la ti le cl oc k; Two successive reads of c lo ck might give different results cl oc k A.8 Classes See Chapter ... direct-abstract-declarator: direct-abstract-declaratoropt ( parameter-declaration-clause ) cv-qualifier-seqopt exception-specificationopt direct-abstract-declaratoropt [ constant-expressionopt ] ( abstract-declarator ... nested-name-specifier template template-id base-clauseopt class-key: class struct union member-specification: member-declaration member-specificationopt access-specifier : member-specificationopt member-declaration:

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... */ http://freebooks.by.ru/view/CProgrammingLanguage/chapter1.html (7 of 30) [5 /15 /2002 10 :13 :14 PM] Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction automatic henceforth to refer to these local variables. (Chapter 4 discusses the ... value of the character in the machine's character set. For example, in the ASCII character set the character constant '0' has the value 48, which is unrelated to the numeric value ... */ http://freebooks.by.ru/view/CProgrammingLanguage/chapter2.html (3 of 23) [5 /15 /2002 10 :13 :20 PM] Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction 1. 9 Character Arrays The most common type of array in C is the array of characters....

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2012, 17:10

... its synchronous counterpart). Chapter 3: Desktop Client Operations 03_03 216 13252_ch03.qxd 3/25/09 11 :32 AM Page 11 2 28 • Exchanging structured data • Exchanging arrays of structured data Understanding these ... â 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. BROUGHT TO YOU BY TOC_copyright.indd Sec1:2TOC_copyright.indd Sec1:2 4/ 21/ 09 10 :13 :14 AM4/ 21/ 09 10 :13 :14 AM               The ... Data 03_03 216 13252_ch03.qxd 3/25/09 11 :32 AM Page 10 5 21 Google Bookmarks Delicious Digg Facebook StumbleUpon Reddit Twit ter Chapter Openers_Sampler1.indd 1Chapter Openers_Sampler1.indd 1 4/20/09...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 06:20

... 677 16  16 .1 Causes of Exceptions 683 16 .2 The System.Exception Class 683 16 .3 How Exceptions Are Handled 684 16 .4 Common Exception Classes 685 17  17 .1 Attribute Classes 688 17 .2 ... 429 8 .10 The try Statement 438 8 .11 The checked and unchecked Statements 443 8 .12 The lock Statement 443 8 .13 The using Statement 445 8 .14 The yield Statement 449 www.it-ebooks.info ptg 1.  32  1.  1.  1.  ... xv About the Annotators xvii 1  1. 1 Hello, World 3 1. 2 Program Structure 4 1. 3 Types and Variables 6 1. 4 Expressions 13 1. 5 Statements 16 1. 6 Classes and Objects 21 1.7 Structs 50 1. 8...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... predecessor BCPL [Richards ,19 80]; in fact, BCPL’s / / comment convention was (re)introduced in C ++ . The other main source of inspiration for C ++ was Simula67 [Dahl ,19 70] [Dahl ,19 72]; the class concept ... (interfaces) are presented here (Chapter 10 , Chapter 12 ), together with operator overloading (Chapter 11 ), polymorphism, and the use of class hierarchies (Chapter 12 , Chapter 15 ). Chapter 13 presents ... S St ta ac ck k: :p pu us sh h(s st ta ac ck k s s, c ch ha ar r c c) { /* check s for overflow and push c */ } c ch ha ar r S St ta ac ck k: :p po op p(s st ta ac ck k s s) { /* check s for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20