the biology of gender differences in animal models of aging

... P-selectin on the surface of eosinophils is the first step in this process Cell rolling activates eosinophils and requires the participation of the β1 and β2 classes of integrins on the eosinophil ... helices) of the catalytic domain The morpholino ring of LY294002 partially overlaps the volume occupied by the adenine in the ATP/enzyme complex, but does not extend into the phosphate binding region ... hypersecretion in the airways is still uncertain The finding that activation of NF-κB via a c-Src-Ras-MEK1/2-MAPK-pp90rsk signaling pathway binding to a κB site in the 5’-flanking region of the MUC2...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:09

... activation There were no studies on the effects of the intervention of these signaling pathways in animal models of asthma The purpose of my thesis was to investigate the antiinflammatory effects of ... examination of inflammatory cell infiltration into the trachea in guinea pigs 4.9E-H 80 Effects of genistein on EPO activity in cell-free BAL fluid in guinea pigs 4.9A-D 79 Effects of genistein or ... daidzein on OVA-induced BAL fluid eosinophilia in guinea pigs 4.8 78 86 Effects of genistein on EGF-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in guinea pig lung fragments 88 5.1 OVA-induced cell infiltration...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... gene therapy is the reduction in local production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding ... rheumatoid factors in RA patients may form immune complexes with the immunoglobulin domain of the tgAAC94 fusion protein, thereby inactivating the therapeutic protein in the arthritic joint Moreover, ... of the tetracycline family If the drug binds to the original prokaryotic tetracycline repressor (tTA) protein then it uncouples from the tetresponsive promoter (seven copies of the tetR-binding...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... Research & Therapy Vol 11 No Robinson same inbred strain of mouse, the universally studied BALB/c, which is the most susceptible to PGIA The goal of the research was to compare the incidence and ... severity of PGIA and proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c ... Although induction of disease by the usual immunisation regime did not reveal any differences in incidence and severity, the sub-lines of BALB/c mice showed modest but significant differences in immune...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... structure of human preprocholecystokinin The signal peptide consists of residues 20 to The amino terminal flanking peptide consists of residues to 25 The largest characterized form from brain and intestine, ... Figure 1-6 Interactions between mammalian corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)like peptides, their receptors and the CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) Binding to the CRF-BP or activation of CRF1 or ... 5HT3R The integrated density of the bands corresponding to different mRNAs was measured by NIH image-processing software Ratios of the corresponding density (e.g.Arc/β-actin or 5-HT3R/β-actin)...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... Injection of CRF after the training into the dorsal hippocampus or the lateral intermediate septum also enhanced or impaired learning, respectively Taken together, therefore, these findings indicate ... discovered in the brain (Innis and Snyder, 1980) The gastrin receptor mediating acid secretion in the stomach was initially thought to constitute a third type of high-affinity receptor on the basis of ... (entry into a brightly lit open field) The data confirms and extends some of the previous findings of the role of 5-HT2 receptors in anxiety 3.3.3 5-HT3 receptors The highest density of 5-HT3 binding...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... with the CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945 or the CRF receptor antagonist (Glu11,16)-astressin I.c.v injection of CCK4 before training, but not after training, reduced the freezing behavior of mice ... conditioning 46 The hypothesis of this study 48 CHAPTER 2: Gene expression of CCK2 and serotonin receptors in SD rats exhibiting high and low anxiety in the elevated plus maze 50 CHAPTER 3: Differences ... Role of CRF2 receptors in anxiety 35 Table of Contents 4.5 Role of the CRF system in memory and learning Animal Models vi 37 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 Validity criteria of an animal model 40 5.3...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... 1991), pp 521-27 National Academy of Sciences, “Issues in the Inclusion of Women in Clinical Trials,” Report of a Planning Panel of the Institute of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences Policy (1991) ... B-243898 most drugs, the representation of women reflected the gender distribution of the incidence of the corresponding disease in women The agency also believes that the level of female representation ... hormonal interactions or interactions with oral contraceptives in women The lack of analysis by gender for the drugs we reviewed may be due partly to the lack of guidelines at the time when the clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 12:20

... The intensity of the error signal determines the intensity of the compensatory response This is the gain in the system The gain determines how rapidly the parameter returns toward the set point, ... constant resetting of the set point Here this idea becomes rather cumbersome Thus, the usefulness of set point modeling varies with the system of interest 16 THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN SURVIVAL There is ... result in the coma of uremia The problem of rising blood urea could be viewed as a change in the set point for the clearance of urea by the kidneys However, this view of the system begs the question...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:45

... Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2009, 6:31 the targeting of interventions for people who exhibit a decline in their functional status at an early stage, prior to the occurrence of falls ... capable of adjusting the position of the pen 29 cm laterally and 18 cm in the anterior-posterior plane A total error score was calculated by summing the number of occasions that the pen on the swaymeter ... were also instructed to continue walking past the end of the m path for a further m, to ensure that the walking pace was kept consistent throughout the task Walking speed (m/s) was used as the test...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... have examined how the gender of patients with CF may impact their HRQOL when accounting for the severity of illness [32-35] With this investigation, we wanted to determine if gender differences ... Quality of Life by Domain and Gender Health-Related Quality of Life by Domain and Gender Health scores ranging from 0–100 are shown on the Yaxis and domains on the X-axis The asterix (*) indicates ... RB Figure Effect Sizes for Gender Differences in HRQOL Effect Sizes for Gender Differences in HRQOL The domains of HRQOL are shown on the X-axis and the effect size on the Y-axis where effect size...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... An increase of one point in the score of SDS-H was associated with an increase of 1.8 points in the NHP global score, while having an overdose during the previous 12 months increased it by points ... that the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes making causal inferences in most of the variables The variables that explained most of the global NHP score variability were the same in both ... retained in the female’s model, daily alcohol intake and length of cocaine use When doing the analysis with the total sample an interaction between gender and HIV infection was found, indicating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... glands in the lower lid can be up to mm long The length of the gland depends on the position of the individual gland in the lid The duct of each gland opens directly onto the inner margin of the ... the back of the eye Although the pressure increase is caused by events in the front of the eye, the damage to vision is due to the effects of this pressure in the back of the eye The increased ... nourishes them from the outside The loss of vision results from the death of these nerve cells The hardness of the eye to touch is not determined by the toughness of the fabric of the eye, but by the...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... reduced the signs of inflammation The groundwork for further studies on the dynamics of lymphocyte interactions in the synovium has thus been established 168 Most of the work in intravital imaging of ... involvement in human rheumatoid arthritis are thus possible An alternative mode of imaging is the use of single photon imaging of γ-emitting isotopes like 11 1In or 99Tc Imaging of γ-emitting isotopes ... and then adapted for inflammation research A nonexhaustive list includes the brain, the liver, the lungs, the muscle, the spleen, the lymph nodes, the pancreas, the mesenteries and the skin [24–28]...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... sterile saline was injected into the knee instead of MIA (saline) The synovial lavage was performed with saline days after the intraarticular injection of MIA into knee joints The content of sulfated ... incorporation of [3H]thymidine Articular destruction by intraarticular injection of FGF8 into the rat knee joint The activity of FGF8 on the knee joint was tested by the articular injection of FGF8 ... antibody significantly inhibited the degradation of GAG in the FGF8-treated joints by 33% (P = 0.036) These data indicate that the injection of FGF8 causes degradation of the ECM of the articular cartilage...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... arises from this sort of work is often regarded as hypothesisgenerating rather than hypothesis-testing The study from Kidd and colleagues [1] falls in the former group, in that it provides more ... better definition of the human autoantigens is required for further progress Competing interests The authors reference their own work [3] in this editorial Reference concerns the immunodominant epitope ... of the MHC shared epitope [7] and it has been argued that the shared epitope is required to present citrulline containing peptides to responder T cells [8] Therefore, the most convincing murine...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... phenotype, indicating that PTPMEG does not compensate for the lack of PTPH1 action in primary T cells [17] In the present study, we examined the contribution of PTPH1 to the regulation of inflammatory ... as control in the controlateral paw No major adverse effects were observed after injection of 2% carrageenan in the right paw of the mice All the animals stayed alive until the end of the experiment ... activate the innate immune response CARR interacts with TLR4 leading to increased Bcl10, to NFκB pathway activation and IL8 production [25,26] CARR injection in the hind paw of the mouse is one of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... transfected into HEK293 cells using Fugene HD (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) Clonal cell-lines stably expressing the construct were identified following selection in Hygromycin-containing media ... heterodimer, which is the major Rel/NFκB complex in most cells [21,22] In order to further characterize inhibition of NFκB by WFA, we investigated the effect of WFA on translocation of the NFκB subunit ... reports indicate that this natural product is an inhibitor of NFκB activity [12,13] The overall goal of this study was to characterize the effect of this compound on NFκB in cellular models of CFrelated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

... lower FEV1 in these two studies Nevertheless, there were differences between the three studies in terms of the other determinants In KORA environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the use of at least ... for the strong negative effect might be that in the SHIP study the rate of obesity was twice as high as in the other two studies Our data are in line previous findings describing an impairment of ... studies indicates differences in the patterns of determinants and their effect sizes However, these differences were not statistically significant, and the Page of 11 effect of the major determinants...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21