the best catalyst for the job

... and Why The plasma membrane separates the material inside the cell from everything outside the cell The plasma or cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell It is important for the health of the cell ... POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE FURTHER, READERS ... line of the factory The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more like the shipping department, which ships the products of the reactions that occur within the cell, to the Golgi apparatus The Golgi...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2014, 22:51

... loops, but they differ in the order of loop arraignments: in Form the first linker adopts the double-chain-reversal loop configuration, whereas in Form the third linker adopts the double-chain-reversal ... to the situation for human telomeric DNA A Long human telomeric DNA and RNA sequences The next step toward understanding the structure of the ‘real’ telomeres is to address the question on the ... which the stacking interface is formed between the 5¢-end of each block; (b) 3¢-to-3¢, in which the stacking interface is formed between the 3¢-end of each block; and (c) 5¢-to-3¢, in which the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... details, see [25] The PETfold score is the sum of the evolutionary accuracy values plus the average sum of the thermodynamic accuracy values For the evolutionary part, we compute the expected accuracy ... ∪ σint to denote the partition of the base pairs of the first sequence, σ1, the base pairs of the second sequence, σ2, and the interacting base pairs, σint Furthermore, for the partial structure ... score is the sum of the base pair reliabilities and single-stranded reliabilities (weighted with the parameter α) For details, see [25] The evolutionary part The calculation for the presented thermodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:20

... comparison to the template structure, these amino acids perform an alignment in the region of the active site, with the amino acids Asp537 and Asp812 (Palm), and Tyr639 and Lys631 (Fingers) of the template ... cultivated regions in the state of Bahia, the largest production area in the country The fungus caused a severe decrease in the Brazilian cocoa production reducing Brazil from the second largest ... Competing interests Figure structure of the RNA ciosa mitochondrial plasmid polymerase from the M perniThe 3D The 3D structure of the RNA polymerase from the M perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... They induce the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane with the release of cytochrome c and the formation of the apoptosome [38] The major pro-apoptotic protein Bax exists mainly in the ... whereas the executioner caspases exist as the inactive dimers [46] Initiator caspases form signaling complexes that are platforms for caspase activation Pro-caspase-9 forms a large complex as the ... mitochondria and then translocate to the nucleus where they induce DNA fragmentation in a caspase-independent manner Whether apoptosis is induced or not depends on the activation balance of these proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... equilibrium G-quadruplex formation of some antiparallel form of the hybrid parallel ⁄ antiparallel (3 + 1) form together with the parallel propeller form and the basket type [37–42] These findings indicate ... whether RGG3 of EWS modulates the formation or unwinding of Htelo G-quadruplex DNA To determine whether the RGG3 binding affected the stability of the G-quadruplex structure of Htelo, we performed ... (Fig S1, Table 1) These studies revealed that RGG3 of EWS binds mainly to the G-quadruplex To test whether formation of the G-quadruplex is necessary for RGG3 binding, we assayed the binding of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... calorimetric enthalpy [28,29,3638], the effect of heat capacity change on the thermodynamic properties of duplex formation, except for a few studies [3942], has been lacking Therefore, systemic and extensive ... sets of the temperature-dependent thermodynamics for the DNA/DNA and RNA/DNA oligonucleotide duplexes In the present study, we determined the temperatureindependent and temperature-dependent thermodynamic ... experiments, the samples were rst heated to 95 C for 20 and then slowly annealed to the starting temperature of each heating-cooling cycle The water condensation on the cuvette exterior in the low...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... added, the source of N2 was removed and the plug for the reaction cell was closed tightly The same procedure was used for adding samples to the reference cell To avoid the influence of the heat ... binds to either the major or minor groove of the double helix [32] The thermodynamic data for these binding reactions at 37.0 °C are listed in Table The solid lines in Fig 5B,C are the predicted ... (version 2001) The value of s, the lifetime of self-inactivation, was calculated using the rate constant k1 A thermodynamic model for the binding of small molecules to DNA Understanding the thermodynamics...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... was also suggested that the number rather than the molecular structure of DSB is more important for the formation of chromosomal aberrations [27] The second explanation for the high RBE of high-LET ... exp-(aD+bD ) for cell survival curves and F(D) = aD+bD2 for the induction of DSB, chromosome fragments end colour junctions Except for cell survival curves for g-irradiation, the values of the quadratic ... values the comparison with linear parameters for gamma radiation for all endpoints is appropriate Therefore, in order to compare equivalent values only the values of a are considered for evaluation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... moderately decreased at 24 and 48 h and then restored to the control level at 72 h Furthermore, compared with the levels under the control and Ad-GFP treatment, the level of pSTAT3 Tyr705 under Ad-bFGFsiRNA ... as the controls h later, the virus-containing medium was removed and replaced with fresh DMEM containing 10% FBS Cells were further incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h, respectively Cells were then ... kinases [14] The oncoprotein Src can also directly activate STAT3 [15] Given the fact that bFGF can activate the STAT3 pathway in many cell types, we investigated in this study whether the antitumor...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... was absent in the mock immunoprecipitated sample (Fig 1A, mock) The second half of the precipitated samples was used for RNA extraction RT-PCR was performed on total RNA and RNA from the immune ... interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests 12 13 Authors' contributions M.K conceived the study, was leading the execution of the experiments, and participated in the writing ... has been associated with the presence of 7SL RNA in retroviral particles The current study aimed at the investigation of the possible involvement of cellular RNAs in the encapsidation of APO3G...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... using the formula for a rational ellipse: (m1 × m2 × m2 × 0.5236), where m1 represents the longer axis and m2 the shorter axis Mice were sacrificed when the tumor volume exceeded 2500 mm3 or the ... digit in the parenthesis is the number of mice in the experiment The symbol (*) indicates a statistically significant difference when compared with the control saline mice (P < 0.01) The symbol ... EGFR indispensable for tumor growth, which make the inhibitor or antibody function to inhibit tumor growth On the other hand, the reaction of CTLs does not depend whether the target molecules...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... in which the initial radical induced on the DNA produces a single strand break The radical is then transferred to the other strand causing the second break7 Of these two possibilities the latter ... in which the initial radical induced on the DNA produces a single strand break The radical is then transferred to the other strand causing the second break7 Of these two possibilities the latter ... that the polypeptide chain has its amino terminus on one side of the gap, circumnavigates the ring, and then reverses direction to the other side of the gap44 These authors predict that these...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:33

... provides the blueprint for the expression of proteins necessary for the survival of organisms The epigenetic information provides instruction on precisely when and where the genetic information ... lid Hsp40 binds to the ATPase domain, hydrolyzing the ATP which allows for the conformational change of the lid into a closed conformation leading to a high affinity state The substrate is released ... al., 2001) The expression levels of E2 could keep the virus in the latent episomal form rather than making them aggressive infectious agents geared to damage or kill the hosts’ cells with the overexpression...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:55

... defined The data manager is entirely responsible for the initial values of this data and the permanent storage of the data if necessary The Mach kernel makes no assumptions about the purpose of the ... data available to tasks in the form of physical memory, the Mach kernel acts as a cache manager for the contents of the memory object When a page fault occurs for which the kernel does not currently ... message with the server to get access to the array and, if other clients had already referenced the data of the array, the physical memory cache of the array would be directly accessible to the client...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... model answer: The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs In 1975, for example, some ... women worked in the communications sector Twenty years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000 A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and ... to 450 000 by 1995 The number of men grew only marginally from 425 000 to 480 000 over the same period In defence, the number of men declined from 225 000 to 200 000, while the number of women...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... (page number not for citation purposes) based medicine’, the efficacy of the MET and utility of the RRS have been criticised for lacking sufficient high-quality evidence in the form of randomised ... component of the syndrome The arrival of the MET brings a critical care environment to the bedside In a sense, when an MET syndrome develops, it could be argued that both the hospital and the patient ... by the ICU staff to take over patient management [35] Despite these assurances, many doctors remain uncomfortable over the perceived loss of control and the fact that nurses can activate the...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35

... readers on the way to discover what the author means and to build meaning for themselves at the same time in their own language, their thoughts, and their own view of the world based on their background ... skill for reading comprehension for these reasons: firstly learners not need to read all the words in the text, secondly they can read at their own speed and if they not understand the sentence, they ... helps them become conscious of their reactions In these notebooks, students copy passages that have particular significance for them in one column, and then respond to them in the other The responses...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50

... to the year non-major English students would be made The thesis consists of three main parts: the introduction, the development, and the conclusion The introduction - gives rationale for the ... of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts is the result of my own work, except where otherwise acknowledge and that this minor thesis or any part of the same had not been submitted for ... Translate instructions into Vietnamese D Give them the English equivalents from their ideas in Vietnamese E Criticize them for their low level F Neglect them G Others ( please specify)……………… 16 What...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50