the behavior of profit maximizing firms

... studied the positive solutions of the system of rational difference equations xn+1 = yn−k , yn+1 = yn xn−m yn−m−k In [9], Zhang et al investigated the behavior of the positive solutions of the system ... difficult to understand throughly the global behavior of their solutions, for example, see Refs [12-34] In this article, we investigate the behavior of the solutions of the difference equation system ... rational system of recursive sequences Mathematica Balkanica 21(3-4), :287–296 (2008) doi:10.1186/1687-1847-2011-40 Cite this article as: Kurbanli: On the behavior of solutions of the system of rational...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... from the sea (Gellini et al, 1983, 1985) The present study seeks to assess the effect of natural and artificial exposure to ABS on the leaf waxes of oak species and on the pollen quality of Quercus ... structural degradation of the leaf waxes similar to that of the year before, but the relative tolerance among the species was unchanged In the culture ABS, pollen damaged trees than in the healthy-looking ... was containing no lower in tween the windward and leeward sides of exposed trees The addition of ABS to the culture reduced germination in all trees The extent of reduction increased with increasing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... generating the price change^.^ From the point of view of the investor, however, specification of the shape of the distribution of price changes is extremely helpful In general, the form of the distribution ... chartist theories and on the other hand by the theory of random walks Although there are many different chartist theories, they all make the same basic assumption That is, they all assume that the ... of reality as long as the actual degree of dependence in the series of price changes is sufficient to the past of the series to be used to predict the future in a way which makes expected profits...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... difference between the logarithm of the closing price on day t and the logarithm of the actual closing price on day t, the day of the split These adjustments reflect the fact that the process of splitting ... shows the ratio of column (2) to colf umn (1) I the chronological day rather than the trading day were the relevant unit of time, then, according to the wellknown law for the variance of sums of ... either in the asset value of the firm or in the wealth of the individual shareholder On ex-dividend days, however, other things equal, the value of an individual share should fall by about the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... distribution of sums will be same value of the characteristic exponent less than nl/" times that of the individual a as the distribution of the individual summands Since the range of the sums BEHAVIOR OF ... the direction of the sampling error of the estimate of a On the other hand, when the sample dependence is indicative of true dependence in the population, the error in the estimate of a is a genuine ... more of the total tail area < < summands The process of taking sums, however, does change the scale of the distribution I n fact it is shown in the appendix that the scale of the distribution of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... point of view the chartist would not regard either type of analysis as an adequate test of whether the past history of the series can be used to increase the investor's expected profits The simple ... from the net profits of a short position Profits were also computed gross and net of broker's commissions, where the commissions are the exact commissions on lots of 100 shares at the time of transaction ... assumption of the randomwalk model In practice the largest prof- 84 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS buy.and.hold It would seem, then that from the trader's point of view the independence assumption of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the residuals from the regression line Since the expectation of the absolute value of the residual will be finite as long as the characteristic exponent a of ... fractiles arc the fractilcs of the distributions of all price changes and not of the distrlbut~ons of successors t o large changes BEHAVIOR OF STOCK-MARKET PRICES the total number of successors ... diversification has the effect of reducing the dispersion of the distribution of the return on the portfolio, even though the variance of that distribution may be infinite Finally, although the Gaussian...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... with the same value of the characteristic exponent a as the distribution of the individual summands The process of taking sums does, of course, change the scale or unit of measurement of the distribution ... that each of the summands must be divided by nila if the scale, or unit of measurement, of the distribution of sums is to be the same as that of the distribution of the individual summands The converse ... proposition, of course, is that the scale of the distribution of unweighted sums is nila times the scale of the distribution of the individual summands Thus, for example, the intersextile range of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... is the 1.4.2 FIBER PROPERTIES Reinforcement of the matrix, to provide the majority of the strength and stiffness of a composite is accomplished by the fibers, which carry the majority of the ... configuration and there is nothing that will change it (short of a failure of the matrix) These matrices are advantageous for high temperature applications of composites Among the most often used thermoset ... PROPERTIES The matrix represents the binding material of the composite, which supports and protects the fibers It also provides a mechanism for the transfer of loads in the event of fiber breakage...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... inverted, then, through standard matrix transformation: 46 The matrix, called the compliance matrix, involves the transpose of the cofactor matrix of the Again, the divided by the determinant of the ... defined as the negative of the ratio of the direction to the strain in the direction due to an applied stress in the direction In other words in the above it is seen that Also, the constant of proportionality ... termination of the usefulness of the structure Depending upon the slenderness or frailty of the structure, the buckling (internal) stresses associated with the buckling load can be a fraction of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... to the temperature of the bar, T, as shown in Figure 2.5 Mathematically, this can be written as where is the coefficient of thermal expansion i.e., the proportionality constant between the "thermal" ... determining the natural frequencies, or finding the buckling load of a heated or cooled structure one must use the strengths and the moduli of elasticity of the material at the temperature at which the ... terms provides the hygrothermal solution The test methods to obtain values of the coefficient of hygrothermal expansion are given in [18] The second effect (i.e the reduction of strength and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... matrix The volume fraction of the Boron fibers in the composite is 40% Assuming that the modulus of elasticity of the Boron fiber is psi and the epoxy is psi, find: (a) The Young’s moduli of the ... magnitudes of and In addition, there are numerous books and papers available for the solution of isotropic plate problems [4] Aware of all of the above, and based upon the fact that the solution of the ... case of the Levy solution of (3.52) has the same form as that of the isotropic case, Vinson showed that the cases of (3.51) and (3.53) can be dealt with as perturbations about the solution of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... EDGE The free edge requires three boundary conditions on each edge; therefore, it is no longer necessary to resort to the difficulties of the Kirchhoff boundary conditions for the bending of the ... one of four things happens: (1) The amplitude of vibration grows until the ultimate strength of a brittle material is exceeded and the structure fails (2) Portions of the structure exceed the ... with increased values of m and n, i.e., with the increased ratio of plate thickness to the wavelength of the m-nth mode of vibration One major reference on the free vibrations of rectangular isotropic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... four edges If either of the ratios is greater than 0.18 one must replace the left hand side of Equation (3.146) with the left hand side of Equation (3.170), which negates the use of the Navier and ... numbered derivatives appear in the governing differential equation That precludes the use of both the Navier approach of Section 3.5, and the use of the Levy approach of Section 3.7 in obtaining ... are: The resulting displacement equations are: The location and magnitude of the maximum deflection will occur in either Section or depending upon the extent of the load, i.e., where is located Then...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... below 198 The result of including the terms to predict the advent or inception of buckling for the beam is the following: where there is a coupling between the in-plane load P and the lateral ... beam, the equation breaks down when the half wavelength becomes close to the height, h, of the beam, because then transverse shear deformation effects become important, and the classical theory of ... terms of the displacements: 186 If the loads are static, these equations become Note, in the above the subscript T denotes thermal terms, and the subscript m denotes moisture effects represents the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... shown below at the 4.21 Find the stress distribution in the section of maximum moment The beam is made of T300/5208 Graphite-epoxy with the following properties Compare the shape of the stress distribution ... directions of the displacements u, v, and w are shown, as well as the positive directions of the coordinates x and The remaining coordinate is the circumferential coordinate The positive value of all ... In the classical shell theory discussed in this section, all of the assumptions used in classical plate theory of Chapters and are utilized: 216 where all of the terms have been explained in the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... into operation (d) What is the length of the bending boundary layer at the bottom of the smokestack? (e) What is the length of the bending boundary layer at the top of the smokestack? CHAPTER ENERGY ... a maximum in the former case The maximum value of At the clamped end, the boundary conditions are (5.58) and making use of the fact that the shell is long Hence, Of these two, in the range is ... on the right-hand side of Equation (6.1) is the strain energy of the elastic body The second and third terms are the work done by the surface tractions; and the body forces, respectively The Theorem...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... energy of the plate, and the second is the bending strain energy of the plate In the latter, it is seen that the first term is proportional to the square of the average plate curvature, while the ... example of the power of this technique The first application is the development of the governing equations for the static deformations of moderately thick rectangular beams, including the effects of ... using The Theorem of Minimum Potential Energy one makes all of the assumptions of classical beam theory, the resulting EulerLagrange equation is the classical beam equation (6.13) and the natural...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... repetitive over the entire domain of the composite lamina with response characteristics representative of the composite As indicated in the assumption for predicting the micromechanical behavior of composites, ... input into the constitutive equations in order to model the material behavior In order to develop the analytical tools capable of modeling these material response parameters the subject of micromechanics ... into the design process WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF A DESIGNER INVOLVED WITH STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL DESIGN? The goals of structural composite material design are the specifications of, The types...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Coefficient of thermal expansion in the fiber direction Coefficient of thermal expansion perpendicular to the fiber direction Coefficient of moisture expansion in the fiber direction Coefficient of moisture ... perpendicular to the fiber direction For conversion from the psi units used in Table A3-1 for stress and modulus of elasticity, To determine the density of many of the composite materials given on the next ... (1960) Prediction of Elastic Constants of Multiphase Materials, Transactions of the Metallurgy Society of AIME, Vol 218, pp 36 10 Hashin, Z and Rosen, W (1964) The Elastic Moduli of Fiber-Reinforced...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21