... the futuredevelopment ofEnglish in the world is the ‘outer circle’ of thosewho speak it as a second language. English often plays a specialrole in their lives and the fate ofEnglish in the ... a professional interest in the development ofEnglish worldwide. The Future of English? takes stock of the present, apparently unassailable, position of English in the world and asks whether ... although the worldposition of French has been in undoubted rapid decline English in the 20th century8 The Future of English? The story ofEnglish in the 20th century has been closely linked to the...
... the futuredevelopment ofEnglish in the world is the ‘outer circle’ of thosewho speak it as a second language. English often plays a specialrole in their lives and the fate ofEnglish in the ... Although the structural properties ofEnglish have not hindered the spread of English, the spread ofthe language globally cannot beattributed to intrinsic linguistic qualities.2 The spread of English There ... future for global English. One ofthe unanticipated achievements ofthe twenty firstcentury was the rapid diffusion of Basic English as the lingua franca ofthe world and the even more rapid...
... unseen.Beowuef (printed in the modern alphabet) The history ofEnglish begins a little after A.D. 600. English is a Germanic Language of the Indo –European FamilyIndo – European English French Latin ... –gelid, there forge –steam Under naessas genipap, neither gaited Flod under foldan.Modern English Lonely and waste is the land they inhabit, Wolf –cliffs wild and windy headlands, Ledges of ... Modern English A Clerk that is an Oxford scholar – whoLooked hollow to his bones, and threadbare, too. •Modern English (1500-now) :the change was the elimination of a vowel sound and the Great...
... although the worldposition of French has been in undoubted rapid decline English in the 20th century8 The Future of English? The story ofEnglish in the 20th century has been closely linked to the ... future for global English. One ofthe unanticipated achievements ofthe twenty firstcentury was the rapid diffusion of Basic English as the lingua franca ofthe world and the even more rapid ... shows English is the dominantlanguage of intercontinental communication, if onlybecause ofthe massive traffic between English- speakingcountries and other parts ofthe world. The dominance of English...
... of analogical reasoning, the court compares the relativestrength of two sets of facts – the facts ofthe precedent case and the facts of a new case now under consideration. If the facts ofthe ... that the ratio sets out the factors that ground the reason(s) in favor ofthe result: the later court must determine the strength ofthe reasonin favor ofthe result in the precedent on the basis ... precedents can be seen as the reverse of expansion of precedents on the basis of similarity: here, the court limits the effect of precedents on the basis of dissimilarity. The process of distinguishingprecedents...
... feature of the 1994 reference to the aim of ‘optimal use ofthe world’s resources’ asopposed to the 1947 objective for the use ofthe ‘full resources ofthe world’.References to human rights and the ... historic importance ofthe ending ofthe division of the European continent and the need to create firm bases for the construction of the future Europe50 The passionate sources of personal moral ... models oflaw and norms are characteristic of what people often meanwhen they use the word ‘globalisation’.251 The return of universalist law 172See Rajagopal, International Law, ch. 4, on the...
... skills in their own languages. Then our task will be twofold: to givethem confidence in English and to equip them with hitherto unknownskills in either their own mother tongue or English. At ... than they were when the first edition of this book waswritten.Despite all these additions and changes, however, the structure of The Practice ofEnglish Language Teaching remains essentially the ... language because they are attracted to the culture of one ofthe TLCs (see (c) above). They learn the language becausethey want to know more about the people who speak it, the places where itis...
... the object ofthe verb in the active form in an active structure, becomes the subject ofthe verb in the passive form; while the performer of an action (the agent) – the subject ofthe verb in ... ve huu – The General Retires” in The Other Side of Heaven”, 1995), which reflects the use of TL adjective in place of SL verb. The fourth type of transposition is the replacement of a virtual ... knowledge ofthe field and professionals, stating that the loan-word best conveys the meaning ofthe new concept and the use of loan words sounds smarter and high-class. Interestingly, in the translation...
... foremost objective ofthe study is for the sake ofthe students. Besides, the study is expected to serve as a source of reference for teachers ofEnglish on the teaching of speaking skills, ... Part A is the introduction, which states the background to the study, the statement ofthe problem, the scope, objectives and research questions as well as the methods and design ofthe study. ... assessments during the terms. The mark ofthe assessment will be taken as the requirements for the final tests which account for 100% ofthe general semester score. The test are often designed...
... grand-mothers as the appropriate source for the intervention. The grandmothers who participatedin formative research developed the chitterlings cleaning method for their peers. Having the grandmothers ... by offering the audience benefits they want in return for making the desired behavior change. For example, you give them a sense of being cool and acceptedby their peers if they give you themselves ... PolicySometimes added to the “Four P’s of Marketing,” policy refers to the consideration of the laws or regulations that influence the behavior you want to change. This can includethose laws or penalties...
... of law rather than “due process.” The terms in the constitutional text are not critical. The fact is,” Justice Scalia explained, “regardless ofthe terminology used, the precise content of ... celebrates the adoption ofthe document as the nation’s defi ning act, allows that “[m]uch ofthe First Amendment . . . simply textualized the Federalist party line.”35There is also evidence that the ... thought the various elements ofthe document fi t together in some way, but the men who voted it into law only bought the compilation, whatever its contents. It also may be, then, that the only...
... the civil, the political and the social spheres. I will argue that the key to the development ofthe post-war criminal law was the fusion of these three forms of citizenship in the period of ... that these are dialectically connected aspects ofthe same thing: the modern form of law. I will now outline these two aspects of modern individualist law and then contextualise the idea ofthe ... in the matter of redressing wrongs. Under the older welfare-liberal model ofthe state, a clear line was drawn between the role ofthe state and the role ofthe public, and in particular the...
... diminishes the power ofthe Pope, forthese secular systems oflaw are administered by the sovereign ratherthan the Pope.Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refutinganother ... FBAWhewell Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, andDirector, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeJohn S. Bell FBAProfessor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... History oftheLawof Nations(rev. edn., New York: Macmillan, 1954).4 The titles ofthe two lectures may be translated as ‘On the Indians Lately Discovered’and ‘On theLawof War Made by the Spaniards...